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exploration risk evaluation using object-based modeling,an example from the Tertiary fractured play,western Qaidam Basin of china

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Petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 195-202页

作者： Chen Zhuoheng Hu Suyun Jin Zhijun Pang Xiongqi Jiang Zhenxue Osadetz G. Kirk Geological Survey of Canada. Calgary. AB T2. 2.7. Canada research institute of Petroleum {2. ＆ development. petrochina. Beijing 100083. china School of Resources and Information Technology China University of Petroleum. Beijing 102249. China

Geological risk evaluation reveals the uncertainty of converting an anticipated resource potential in an identified exploration target into an economic petroleum accumulation prior to drilling. Providing consistent and unbiased estimates of geological risk for all exploration targets in an area of interest is essential in risk evaluation. This paper discusses the potential use of an object-based stochastic procedure for geological risk evaluation at the play level. The object-based model of Super SD, as a data integration tool, can integrate geological information of petroleum system elements that control occurrences of petroleum pools with the spatial correlation characteristics of the discoveries in a play. Other information, such as the estimated total play potential and size characteristics, from conventional resource assessments can be also incorporated into the model as geological constraints. The uncertainty associated with the data and domain knowledge in the predicted pool locations is expressed as a probability map, representing the geological exploration risk of the play. By incorporating all available inibrmation and checking the consistency of models with geological constraints, the object-based model improves predictions of petroleum occurrences, thus enhancing the associated risk evaluation. The proposed method was applied to the fractured petroleum play of the western Qaidam Basin in northwestern china in order to illustrate the use of the object-based method for risk evaluation.

关键词： exploration risk mapping stochastic simulation. Qaidam Basin

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坳陷型湖盆层序地层特征与隐蔽油气藏勘探——以松辽盆地为例

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石油学报 2003年第3期24卷 11-15页

作者：袁选俊薛良清池英柳陈章明渠永宏中国地质大学北京100083 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 大庆石油学院黑龙江大庆163318

坳陷型湖盆沉积的陆源碎屑沉积物由湖盆四周的河流和冲积扇供给 ,三角洲沉积集中于一个或多个沉积中心。湖盆由水退与水进沉积层段交替充填。最大洪泛期沉积的湖相泥岩为坳陷型盆地重要的生油岩和区域性封盖层。 2.最大洪泛期沉积的湖... 详细信息

坳陷型湖盆沉积的陆源碎屑沉积物由湖盆四周的河流和冲积扇供给 ,三角洲沉积集中于一个或多个沉积中心。湖盆由水退与水进沉积层段交替充填。最大洪泛期沉积的湖相泥岩为坳陷型盆地重要的生油岩和区域性封盖层。 2.最大洪泛期沉积的湖相泥岩所夹持的砂岩体是寻找隐蔽油气藏的最主要目标。在 2.最大洪泛期之间 ,存在着湖平面升降变化的多次一级旋回。这种频繁的湖平面升降与沉积物供应速率的变化 ,导致岸线的迁移与三角洲朵叶体的摆动 ,使得大型三角洲前缘相带成为岩性油气藏发育的有利地区。坳陷型湖盆中发育的隐蔽油气藏 ,大都具有面积大、渗透率和储量丰度低的特点 ,但有构造背景配合 ,就可以形成富集高产区块。松辽盆地下白垩统青山口组、姚家组、嫩江组含油层段为这种油气藏的一个典型实例。

关键词：坳陷型湖盆层序地层隐蔽油气藏松辽盆地勘探

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SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION OF THE TERTIARY NONMARINE STRATA IN THE BOHAI BAY RIFT BASIN

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 2001年第2期 73-86页

作者： Xue Liangqing, Chi Yingliu, and Cao Yinghui research institute of Petroleum {2. & development of petrochina, Beijing 100083, china

The Tertiary strata in the Bohai Bay basin consist of the Lower Tertiary sequence deposited at the rift stage and the Upper Tertiary sequence deposited at the post-rift stage. The Lower Tertiary sequence is composed of the three second-order sequences Ek, Es4-3, and Es2.Ed. Every second-order sequence corresponding to one rifting episode can be divided into the lowstand, transgressive, and highstand third-order sequence sets, which are represented as sedimentary products of the initial rifting, lacustrine expanding and contracting stages. The late transgressive and early highstand sequence sets are favorable periods for forming regional source and seal rocks. Three sets of major source and seal rocks and four sets of source-reservoir-seal combinations are recognized in the Tertiary strata. Differences of Tertiary tectonic history in different sags or depressions result in differences of developing periods and features of source-reservoir-seal combinations.

关键词： Bay SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK AND HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION OF THE TERTIARY NONMARINE STRATA IN THE BOHAI BAY RIFT BASIN

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The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2. formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,china

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 150-163页

作者： ZHU GuangYou, ZHANG ShuiChang & LIANG YingBo research institute of Petroleum {2. and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2. is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2. concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2. and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2.. Recently, researches show that H2. is only a necessary condition of H2. formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2. and CO2. and the H2. formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2. has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2. preservation are the prerequisite of H2. distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2.-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2.-bearing.

关键词： H2. carbonate rock distribution prediction controlling factors TSR Sichuan Basin

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Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3 1 Petroleum exploration and Production institute, {2. Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100083, {2. 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, {2. 3 School of Resource and Information, {2. University of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49, {2. Petroleum exploration and Production institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13C values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -32.53‰ and -33.37‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13C values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 39.17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

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The Isotope Geochemistry of N2. in Natural Gas Pools

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沉积学报 1999年第2期 153-159页

作者： ZHU Yue nian 1 SHI Bu qing 1 FANG Chao bin 2. 1 ( institute of Petroleum Resources & Environmental Geology,Petroleum University, Dongying 2.7062.Shandong,china) 2.({2. & development Scientific research institute,china Offshore Oil Nanh

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ（Ｎ２）ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｎｏｎｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｇａｓｐｏｏｌｓ（Ｚｈｕ，１９９４）．Ｎ２ｒｉｃｈｇａ... 详细信息

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ（Ｎ２）ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｎｏｎｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｇａｓｐｏｏｌｓ（Ｚｈｕ，１９９４）．Ｎ２ｒｉｃｈｇａｓｐｏｏｌｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｉ...

关键词： nitrogen isotope origin of nitrogen natural gas ammomia sedimentary organic matter

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苏丹穆格莱特盆地的地质模式和成藏模式

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石油学报 2004年第1期25卷 19-24页

作者：童晓光窦立荣田作基潘校华朱向东中国石油天然气勘探开发公司中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

苏丹穆格莱特盆地是在中非剪切带的右旋剪切应力场背景下拉张形成的一种被动裂谷盆地 ,不同于地幔对流上涌产生的主动裂谷。裂谷多期断坳旋回明显 ,纵向上三期裂谷作用表现为强—弱—强。其盆地地温梯度比主动裂谷盆地低 ,而比克拉通盆... 详细信息

苏丹穆格莱特盆地是在中非剪切带的右旋剪切应力场背景下拉张形成的一种被动裂谷盆地 ,不同于地幔对流上涌产生的主动裂谷。裂谷多期断坳旋回明显 ,纵向上三期裂谷作用表现为强—弱—强。其盆地地温梯度比主动裂谷盆地低 ,而比克拉通盆地高。盆地坳陷带与隆起相间排列 ,具有东、西分带的特点。半地堑是最主要的构造组合形式。盆地发育多套生油岩 ,其中第一裂谷期AbuGabra组是盆地的主力生油层。以Bentiu组为储层、Aradeiba组为区域盖层的组合是盆地内的主要成藏组合 ,反向正断层翘倾断块为主要圈闭类型 ,断距和断层对盘的地层岩性决定了油藏的封闭性和油柱高度。研究结果表明 ,盆地具有优越的油气成藏条件和较好的勘探前景。

关键词：被动裂谷盆地地质模式成藏模式穆格莱特盆地苏丹

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Simulated experiment evidences of the corrosion and reform actions of H2. to carbonate reservoirs:an example of Feixianguan Formation,east Sichuan

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 178-183页

作者： MA YongSheng1, GUO TongLou1, ZHU GuangYou2. CAI XunYu1 & XIE ZengYe2.1 exploration Company, SINOPEC, Beijing 10002., china {2. institute of Petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china

The reservoir of Feixianguan Formation of the Lower Triassic in the Sichuan Basin is the deepest buried carbonate reservoir in china, with developed secondary corrosion holes, high quantities carbonate reservoir, maximum effective carbonate reservoir thickness. Also Feixianguan gas reservoir has the highest quantities of H2.. research discovers that there are close relationships between the formation of reservoir and H2.. The mutual actions between acidity fluid and carbonate promoted the forming of secondary carbonate holes. Through the experiment of corrosion of the samples of Feixianguan carbonate reservoir in saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide, the porosity and permeability increased greatly, porosity increased 2. and permeability increased nearly two quantity degrees, also the density became light, which confirm the corrosion and reform actions of H2. to carbonate.

关键词： corrosion simulation high quantities reservoir mutual actions between acidity fluid and carbonate Feixianguan Formation H2. eastern Sichuan

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Numerical simulation of pore-scale flow in chemical flooding process

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2011年第2期1卷 68-72页

作者： Xiaobo Li,~(1,a) Shuhong Wu,~1 Jie Song,~1 Hua Li,~1 and Shuping Wang~2.1.research institute of Petroleum {2. & development of petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2.Petroleum {2. & Production research institute of Sinopec,Beijing 100083,china research institute of Petroleum {2. & development of petrochina Beijing 100083 China Petroleum exploration & Production research {2. of Sinopec Beijing 100083 China

Chemical flooding is one of the effective technologies to increase oil recovery of petroleum reservoirs after water *** the scale of representative elementary volume(REV), phenomenological modeling and numerical simulations of chemical flooding have been reported in literatures,but the studies alike are rarely conducted at the pore-scale,at which the effects of physicochemical hydrodynamics are hardly resolved either by experimental observations or by traditional continuum-based *** this paper,dissipative particle dynamics(DPD),one of mesoscopic fluid particle methods,is introduced to simulate the pore-scale flow in chemical flooding *** theoretical background,mathematical formulation and numerical approach of DPD are *** plane Poiseuille flow is used to illustrate the accuracy of the DPD simulation,and then the processes of polymer flooding through an oil-wet throat and a water-wet throat are studies, *** selected parameters of those simulations are given in *** preliminary results show the potential of this novel method for modeling the physicochemical hydrodynamics at the pore scale in the area of chemical enhanced oil recovery.

关键词： chemical flooding pore-scale flow dissipative particle dynamics mesoscopic simulation enhanced oil recovery

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoirresearch Center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and development {2. of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim Basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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