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Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in china

Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in china and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the {2. and development of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

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Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2.,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2.Langfang Branch of research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 {2. and Production research institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,china petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China petrochina Langfang Branch Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2.andδ13C 3 is-32.―-36‰,-2.‰―-2.‰and-2.‰―-2.‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2.value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2. SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 2.2.00, china 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of Petroleum {2. and development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, china 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan 232000 China 3. Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12.H4. This will make 12.H4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12.H4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12.H4. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12.H4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3 1. Department of Petroleum Geology, Xi’an Petroleum institute, Xi’an 710065, china 2. {2. institute of Petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, china Xian Petr Inst Dept Petr Geol Xian 710065 Peoples R China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Tarim Oilfield Co Xinjiang 841000 Peoples R China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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Evaluation criteria for gas source rocks of marine carbonate in china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 810-817页

作者： WANG Zhaoyun1**, ZHAO Wenzhi1 and WANG Yunpeng2.1. research institute of Petroleum {2. & development,petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2. Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china) research institute of Petroleum {2. & development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China. Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Hydrocarbon generating and expulsion simulation experiments are carried out using samples artifically matched between the acid-dissolved residue of relatively low-maturity limestone and the original sample. This work makes up for the insufficiency of source rock samples with high abundance of organic matters and low maturity in china. The organic carbon content of the 10 prepared samples varies between 0.15% and 0.74%. Pyrolysis data and simulation experiment results of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion, which were obtained by a high-temperature and high-pressure open system, indicate that the lower limit of organic carbon content for marine carbonate rock to generate and expel hydrocarbons is 0.2.%—0.31%. In combination with the numerical analysis of organic carbon in marine carbonate rocks from Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and North china, as well as the contribution of these gas source rocks to the discovered gas pools, we think that the organic carbon criterion for carbonate gas source rocks should be 0.3%.

关键词： carbonate gas source rock gas-generating efficiency evaluation criteria simulation experiment.

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Structural characteristics and petroliferous features of Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 1-11页

作者： JIA Chengzao~1 & WEI Guoqi~2.1. petrochina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, china 2. Langfang Branch of {2. institute of Petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, china 1. petrochina Company Limited 100011 Beijing China 2. Langfang Branch of research institute of Petroleum {2. & development PetroChina 065007 Langfang China

Using the modern tectonic geology theories andmethods such as the plate tectonic analysis, the paleo-struc-ture analysis, the structural-Iithofacies analysis, and the faultrelated fold and petroleum system, and combining with theseismic data, well drilling data and the circumferential fieldgeology, study on the structural characteristics and petro-leum prospect in the Tarim Basin has been carried out. Re-sults show that the Tarim Basin is a large superimpositionand combination basin with continental crustal basement,composed of a Paleozoic craton and Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins. The characteristics of the basin are: the kernel partof the basin is the marine facies Paleozoic craton, superim-posed 4 continental facies foreland basins. Though the scaleof the paleozoic craton of the Tarim Basin is relatively small,the structure is steady. The petroleum prospect of the Paleo-zoic craton is: multiphase pool-generation and accumulationcontrolled by ancient uplift. The Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins in the Tarim Basin, which are distributed on the era-tonic circumference and are a long-term subsidence, turnedinto rejuvenated foreland basins after the Meso-Cenozoicperiod. The petroleum prospects are: coal-bed generatinghydrocarbon, abundant natural gas, pool-generation in laterand recent periods, the oil and gas distribution controlled bythe foreland thrust belt. The structural characteristics ofTarim provide it with a superimposition and combinationpetroleum system of multiple resources, multiple reservoirsand multiphase pool-generation. The oil and gas explorationprospect covers two large fields: the Paleozoic craton and theMeso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt.

关键词： Tarim superimposition and combination basin craton foreland basin superimposition and combination petroleum system.

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Detection of water in petroleum inclusions and its implications

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Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1501-1507页

作者： CAO Jian1, YAO Suping1, HU Wenxuan1, ZHANG Yijie2. WANG Xulong3, ZHANG Yueqian3 & TANG Yong3 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. research institute of exploration and development, petrochina, Bei- jing 100083, china 3. research institute of exploration and development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, petrochina, Karamay 834000, china State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China research institute of {2. and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China research institute of {2. and development Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay 834000 China

FTIR spectra of inclusions sampled from fault-zone reservoirs of the northwestern Junggar Basin show that water, with different abundances, does exist in petroleum inclusions. It is thus implied that petroleum inclusions can seldom form without water. Different inclusions hosted in one single grain, and formed in one oil charging phase, have a largely varied ratio of water to oil and slightly changed CH3/CH2.ratio. This likely provides evidence for fault-related episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.

关键词： water in petroleum inclusions forming mechanism of inclusions episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons FTIR microspectroscopy Junggar Basin.

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Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW china)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2.WANG XuLong3,ZHANG YueQian3,TANG Yong3 & SHI XinPu3 1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093,china {2.,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 3 research institute of exploration and development,petrochina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,china 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. research institute of {2. and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 3. research institute of {2. and development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： Petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar Basin

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2. LU Yuanzheng1,2.3 & XU Daoyi4 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 4. institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002., china 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in china sedimentary basins

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 1-13页

作者： ZHANG ShuiChang &ZHU GuangYou research Center of research {2.s of petrochina exploration and development,Beijing 100083,china research Center of research {2.s of petrochina exploration and development Beijing 100083 China

china sedimentary basins present abundant natural gas resource thanks to its unique geological *** highly-matured hydrocarbon source rocks,widespread coal-measure strata and low temperature Quaternary saline strata,etc.,indicate the wide foreground of china natural gas resources. Up to now,most of the petroliferous basins have been discovered to have wholesale natural gas accumulation from Precambrian,Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic in the east,the central,the west and the coast of *** large and medium-scale gas reservoirs are mainly composed of hydrocarbon gas with big dry coefficient,tiny non-hydrocarbon,wide carbon isotope distribution and varying origin types,the hydrocarbon gas includes coal-formed gas,oil-formed gas,biogenic gas and inorganic gas, ***-formed gas is the main type of china natural gas resources,in particular several explored large-scale gas fields(>100 billion cubic meter)of Kela 2.Sulige and Daniudi,etc.,they all belong to coal-formed gas fields or the gas fields consisting mostly of coal-formed ***-formed gas is also abundant in china marine basins,for example marine natural gas of Sichuan Basin generated from crude oil cracking *** and secondary biogenic gas fields were discovered respectively in the Qaidam Basin and Western Slope of Songliao *** addition,inorganic gases are mainly distributed in the eastern china,in particular the Songliao Basin with abundant carbon dioxide accumulation,indicating that the eastern china present large exploration potential of inorganic gas.

关键词： natural gas origin sedimentary basin large and medium-scale gas field

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