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Solar release time of solar energetic particles and associated acceleration source in corona

Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第2期53卷 161-168页

作者： LE GuiMing1,2.3,4, TANG YuHua1 & HAN YanBen4 1 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2.Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, china meteorological administration, Beijing {2., china 3 national center for Space Weather, china meteorological administration, Beijing {2., china 4 national Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012. china Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing China national center for Space Weather China Meteorological Administration Beijing China national Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are accelerated in corona at an early phase of solar energetic particle events (SEPE). The acceleration mechanism of SEPs in corona can only be inferred from an analysis of multi-band observational data, as the observation of SEPs is usually made around 1AU. In this context, people have investigated spectrums, charge state, solar release time (SRT), and multi-band data of SEPEs, in an attempt to judge the acceleration mechanism of SEPs. The SRT computation of SEPs is an important and commonly used approach to study the acceleration mechanism of SEPs in corona. This paper reviews some important findings concerning the SRT computation of SEPs, and analyzes different merits of each approach for such calculation, based on a range of SEPE case studies. This paper also analyzes and discusses both possible and actual acceleration mechanisms of a number of SEPEs, by calculating the SRT of the SEPEs. Finally, the paper summarizes the possible problems in studying an acceleration mechanism of SEPEs inferred from the SRT of SEP.

关键词：阳光释放时间加速度电晕太阳耀斑

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Climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2.& PAN FeiFei3 1 national meteorological {2.,Beijing 100081,china 2.Qinghai meteorological Research Institute,Xining 810001,china 3 Department of Geography,University of North Texas,Denton,TX 762.3,USA 1. national meteorological {2. Beijing 100081 China2. Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute Xining 810001 China3. Department of Geography University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA

Climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2.07,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982.to 2.06,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2.07 at rates of 0.2.°C/10 yr,2.32.mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.30°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.38 mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2.h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982.to 2.06 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2.06 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

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Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1001-1012页

作者： SUN JianQi1, YUAN Wei2.& GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2.2. Training Centre, Beijing 100081, china 3 Heilongjiang meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150030, china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. china meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China 3. Heilongjiang meteorological Observatory Harbin 150030 China

Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast china via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern china. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern china. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation East Asian summer monsoon South Asian summer monsoon wave train abrupt climate change

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Case studies on mesoscale structures of heavy rainfall system in the Yangtze River generated by Meiyu front

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1303-1311页

作者： LIU Liping1, RUAN Zheng1 & QIN Danyu2.1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,{2. 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 2.0044,{2. 1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology 210044 Nanjing China

A heavy rainfall system was observed over the Yangtze River during Meiyu season by using dual-Doppler radar systems in the field experiment conducted by the project of national Fundamental Research Planning “Research on formation mechanism and the prediction theory of hazardous weather over china”. The three-dimensional mesoscale kinematic structure and process of a heavy rain on 2. and 2. July, 2.02.are investigated by using the radial velocity and dual-Doppler radar technique. The results show that a southwest-northeast oriented rain band with the length of about 1000 km involves numbers of meso-β or meso-γ-scale convective cells with the size of 2.―50 km. The heavy rain band in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River ex-ists in a low-level wind shear. The interaction between southwest low-level jet on the southern side of wind shear and east wind on the northern side formed the updraft. The wind disturbance, wind shear and convergence generate the convective action. The new cell developed in right rear flank of rain band and moved to the southwest wind area, where the vapor is abundant. This kind of echo can last a long time and developed well. The strong convective echoes are often ac-companied by the meso-γ-scale vortex and convergence.

关键词： heavy rainfall in Meiyu front, mesoscale structure, dual-Doppler radar, middle reaches of the Yangtze River, low-level jet.

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Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2.06 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第5期51卷 748-758页

作者： ZHANG WenJiang1, LU QiFeng2. GAO ZhiQiang3 & PENG Jian4 1 School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, china 2.national Satellite {2. center, china meteorological administration, Beijing 100081, china 3 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 4 School of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 1. School of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China 2. national Statellite meteorological {2. China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China 3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 4. School of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2.06 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2.01―2.06 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2.06 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

关键词： Sichuan Basin drought Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index response of remote sensing regional scale

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Analysis of the severe group dust storms in eastern part of Northwest china

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第3期12卷 357-362页

作者： ZHOU Zijiang, WANG Xiwen(1. national meteorological {2., Beijing 100081, china 2. Lanzhou Central meteorologicalObservatory, Lanzhou 73002., china) national meteorological {2. 北京 100081 Lanzhou Central meteorological Observatory Lanzhou 730020

Based on the available original dust storm records from 60 meteorological stations, we discussed the identification standard of severe dust storms at a single station and constructed a quite complete time series of severe group dust storms in the eastern part of Northwest china in 1954–2.01. The result shows that there were 99 severe group dust storms in this region in recent 48 years. The spatial distribution indicates that the Alax Plateau, most parts of the Ordos Plateau and most parts of the Hexi Corridor are the main areas influenced by severe group dust storms. In addition, the season and the month with the most frequent severe group dust storms are spring and April, accounting for 78.8% and 41.4% of the total events respectively. During the past 48 years the lowest rate of severe group dust storms occurred in the 1990s. Compared with the other 4 decades, on the average, the duration and the affected area of severe group dust storms are relatively short and small during the 1990s. In 2.00 and 2.01, there were separately 4 severe group dust storms as the higher value after 1983 in the eastern part of Northwest china.

关键词： eastern part of Northwest china severe group dust storms temporal and spatial distribution characteristics

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Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1,2.& CHOU Jifan2.3 1. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. Training {2. for china meteorological administration, Beijing 100081, china Department of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

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Dense fog events in the Yangtze Delta and their climatic characteristics

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第7期17卷 821-827页

作者： Zhou Zijiang~(**) Zhu Yanjun Ju Xiaohui (national meteorological Information Centre,Beijing {2.,china) [a]national meteorological Information Centre Beijing China

Based on daily observation records of fog and atmospheric visibility from 2. meteorological stations in the Yangtze Delta in the period from 1954 to 2.05,the identification standard of dense fog events(DFE)has been proposed in this paper,a quite complete time series of DFEs for the delta constructed,and the climate characteristics of these events analyzed *** results showed that there were 564 typical DFEs in the delta from 1954 to *** most frequent season for DFEs was from October to next April,when the number of the events accounted for 89.9% of the annual total,while the least frequent season was summer,when the number only accounted for 1.6% of the total due to higher temperature and more convective weather in the *** the Yangtze Delta, DFEs occurred less and were weaker in the 1960s,but turned to increase from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s,with an abrupt change in ***,DFEs occurred more frequently,intensively,and indeterministically,and in particular,most fre- quently in the 1980s and intensively in the *** both the frequency and intensity of DFEs decline apparently in the period of 2.00—2.05 in the delta.

关键词： the Yangtze Delta dense fog events(DFE) inter-annual variation Mann-Kendall method running-t test

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Effects of nuclear chimney on climate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第4期2卷 111-116页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, Pan Yaru and Zhang QingchenAcademy of meteorological Science State meteorological {2.,Beijing 100081,china

In this paper, according to the data from several single nuclear explosion experiments of an equivalent to magnitude of million tons, and combined with meteorological data, their effects on the regional climate nave b... 详细信息

关键词： nuclear chimney nuclear explosion temperature change.

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Dipole anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and winter Arctic sea ice motion

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1529-1536页

作者： WU Bingyi1, ZHANG Renhe1 & WANG Jia2.1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,{2. 2. International Arctic Research center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. International Arctic Research center University of Alaska Fairbanks 99775 AK USA

This paper investigates a previously-ignored atmospheric circulation anomaly-di- pole structure anomaly in the arctic atmosphere, and its relationship with the winter sea ice mo- tion, based on analyses of the International Arctic Buoy Programme Data (1979―1998) and datasets from the national {2. for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the national {2. for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the period of 1960―2.02. The dipole structure anomaly is the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean SLP north of 70°N during the winter season (Oct.―Mar.), which accounts for 13% of the variance. One of its two anomaly {2.s is over the Canadian Archipelago; the other is situated over northern Eurasia and the Siberian marginal seas. Due to the dipole structure anomaly’s strong meridionality, it becomes an important mechanism to drive both anomalous sea ice export out of the Arctic Basin and cold air outbreaks into the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas and northern Europe.

关键词： dipole anomaly, winter season, Arctic, sea ice motion, sea ice export.

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