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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1076-1084页

作者： CHEN Longxun 1 ,GAO Hui 2 ,HE Jinhai 2 ,TAO Shiyan 3.& JIN Zuhui 3.1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 2.nanjing institute of meteorology,nanjing 210044,China 3.institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. nanjing institute of meteorology 210044 Nanjing China 3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics 100029 Beijing China

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy (KE) and convection in the South China Sea (SCS) and Indian summer monsoon areas are examined in present study. Results suggest that the SCS and Indian summer monsoon prevailed regions (5 —15°N) are dominated by the southwesterly wind, however, the disturbances of KE at 850 hPa and convection are observed mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean (140—150°E), after passing through the SCS, and westward propagated into the Bay of Bengal (90—100°E). In the Indian summer monsoon domain, where the disturbances of KE are found mainly coming from the Arabian Sea (AS) and eastward propagated into the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the SCS and the Indian summer mon- soon are quite different in zonal propagation of KE and convection. The SCS summer monsoon is mainly affected by the KE and convection coming from the tropical western Pacific. The Indian summer monsoon, however, can be partly influenced by the AS and the SCS summer monsoon. The analysis also suggests that the interaction region between the SCS and the Indian summer monsoon is around 90—95°E, rather than 105°E as proposed by earlier studies.

关键词： zonal propagation of KE and convection, East Asian monsoon, Indian monsoon.

Annual precipitation fields secular variation over global land areas for 1948—2000

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第3期48卷 281-286页

作者： SHI Neng & CHEN Luweng Department of Atmospheric Sciences, nanjing institute of meteorology, {3., China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

The secular variation over the global land an-nual precipitation (GLAP) fields for 1948—2000 is investi-gated. Evidence suggests that the GLAP abruptly reduced around 1978 and experienced a decrease of 0.54 mm/a, on average. Fuzzy clustering is used to group the annual pre-cipitation over commonly-used 3. latitudes belts into six belts for examining its secular variation. The results show that, except northern high-latitudes (60°—90°N) where it is slightly increased, the precipitation is decreased, especially in 3.°N—3.°S, and the diminution is the maximum of 0.98 mm/a at tropics. Moreover, identification of 1948—2000 flood/drought years on a global basis is made, showing no-ticeable interdecadal variations. During the years of warm (cold) events the precipitation decreases (increases) by 15.4 mm (14.4 mm) per year, on average. It can be assumed that global warming and frequent ENSO occurrences from the end of the 1970s maybe serve as the root cause of the dimi-nution.

关键词：全球降水长期变化年降水 ENSO 陆地 1948-2000年

Numerical Modelings of the Climatic Effects of the Land-Sea Distribution and Topography

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1996年第3期13卷 383-398页

作者：钱永甫王谦谦nanjing institute of meteorology {3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093

The effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the climatic properties are simulated rn this paper by use of a p- a incorporated coordinate system mode! in a zonal *** this paper we firstly discuss the statistical features of the model and find that the capability of the model is stable,with the same land-sea distribution and topography seven monthly mean climate states are close to one another,their variance is even less than the initial ***,we focally discuss the effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the modeled climate *** is pointed out that the land-sea contrast and the topography influence the atmosphere mainly through the heating ef-fect and the former has larger influences on the simulated large scale climate fields than the latter.

关键词： Climate modelings Land-sea contrast and topography

A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2, ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3.1. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, nanjing 210044, China 3. Beijing institute of Applied meteorology, Beijing 100029, China 1. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 3. Beijing institute of Applied meteorology Beijing 100029 China

A new 3.VAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3.VAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 21-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 420 m reach 0.63. and 0.3. psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3.VAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

Possible effect of climate changes on the coastal zone of the Yangtze River Delta

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第1期8卷 42-51页

作者： Miao Qilong nanjing institute of meteorology, {3., CHINA

A coastal historical evolution of the Yangtze River Delta was discussed in this paper on the basis of the historical data of the coastal zone and an estimation was made for the future change of the coast The emphasis was put on the future climate change that will have influence on the sea wall, coastal navigation and freshwater resources in the Delta It was also pointed out that the global warming and precipitation increase in the Yangtze River Valley may exert more impact on the zone In addition, some measures describing how to adapt to the climate change and reduce its impact were put forward

关键词： climate change greenhouse effect sea surface rising the Yangtze River Delta coastal zone

Case studies on mesoscale structures of heavy rainfall system in the Yangtze River generated by Meiyu front

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1303-1311页

作者： LIU Liping1, RUAN Zheng1 & QIN Danyu2 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. nanjing institute of meteorology, {3., China 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. nanjing institute of meteorology 210044 Nanjing China

A heavy rainfall system was observed over the Yangtze River during Meiyu season by using dual-Doppler radar systems in the field experiment conducted by the project of National Fundamental Research Planning “Research on formation mechanism and the prediction theory of hazardous weather over China”. The three-dimensional mesoscale kinematic structure and process of a heavy rain on 22 and 23.July, 2002 are investigated by using the radial velocity and dual-Doppler radar technique. The results show that a southwest-northeast oriented rain band with the length of about 1000 km involves numbers of meso-β or meso-γ-scale convective cells with the size of 20―50 km. The heavy rain band in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River ex-ists in a low-level wind shear. The interaction between southwest low-level jet on the southern side of wind shear and east wind on the northern side formed the updraft. The wind disturbance, wind shear and convergence generate the convective action. The new cell developed in right rear flank of rain band and moved to the southwest wind area, where the vapor is abundant. This kind of echo can last a long time and developed well. The strong convective echoes are often ac-companied by the meso-γ-scale vortex and convergence.

关键词： heavy rainfall in Meiyu front, mesoscale structure, dual-Doppler radar, middle reaches of the Yangtze River, low-level jet.

Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2, ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO Shouting3.1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. Department of Space Information Science, nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, nanjing 210044, China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Environmental Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 239-246页

作者： QIU Xinfa1, ZENG Yan2, MIAO Qilong1 & YU Qiang2 1. Department of Geography, nanjing institute of meteorology, {3., China 2. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China nanjing Inst Meteorol Dept Geog Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Views diverge greatly on the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AE) and potential evapotranspiration (PE). Penman showed that AE is determined in intensity by PE and changes proportionally as a function of PE. In contrast, Bouchet indicated that AE deter-mines PE and varies inversely with PE. Based on nearly 3. years data from 43. weather stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, the two different theories, Penman抯 assumption and Bouchet抯 complementary relationship between AE and PE, were tested on nine river basins. With data integration technique, the complementary relationship between AE and PE was dis-played entirely. A general model to estimate the actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated surfaces by routine meteorological observations has been established on the basis of thorough analysis of the concept of PE. The results show that the calculations are all in error control of <10%, except for a few years over the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： complementary relationship of evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration.

A general model for estimating actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 479-484页

作者： QIU Xinfa1,2, ZENG Yan3. LIU Changming3.1. Dept. of Urban && Resource Science, nanjing University, nanjing 210093. China 2. Dept. of Geography, nanjing {3. of meteorology, nanjing 210044, China 3. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Dept. of Urban & Resource Science Nanjing University Nanjing China Dept. of Geography Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing China Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China

Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 3. years data of 43. meteorological stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： potential evaporation actual evaporation

Numerical simulation of Meiyu front and the diagnosis of moist vorticity vector

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1341-1347页

作者： Ping Fan1,2 and Luo Zhexian2(1. institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology, nanjing 210044, China) institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Moist vorticity vector is introduced to study the development and evolution of mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in the Meiyu front precipitation with the Advanced Regional Predication System (ARPS). In this study, the heavy rainfall is simulated to investigate the genesis, development and dissipation of middle scale convective vortex, which occurred from 0000 UTC 3.July to 1200 UTC 5 July over the Jianghuai River valley. Moist vorticity vector (MVV) has zonal, radial and vertical components in its 3. spatial distribution. The simulation shows that the vertical component of moist vorticity vector well demonstrates the spatial distribution characteristics of middle scale convective vortex, especially in the process of Meiyu front precipitation. Diagnosis upon zonal, radial averaged and mass-integrated quantities of MVV shows that its vertical component and the surface precipitating ratio are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that the vertical component of MVV is closely associated with the Meiyu front precipitation. In addition, the tendency of the vertical component of MVV is mainly determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal and radial gradient of condensational or depositional heating.

关键词： moist vorticity vector mesoscale convective vortex Meiyu front precipitation