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Insights into correlation between satellite infrared information and fault activities

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 394-402页

作者： MA Jin, WANG Yipeng, CHEN Shunyun, LIU Peixun and LIU Liqiang State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics, institute of Geology, china earthquake administration, Beijing 100029, china [a]State key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Bejing China

Tectonic activities are accompanied with material movement and energy transfer, which definitely change the state of thermal radiation on the ground. Thus it is possible to infer present-day tectonic activities based on variations of the thermal radiation state on the ground. The received satellite infrared information is, however, likely influenced by many kinds of factors. Therefore, the first problem that needs to be solved is to extract information on tectonic activities and eliminate effects of external (non-tectonic) factors. In this study, we firstly make a review of the current studies on this subject, and then present the technical approach and our research goal. Using the data of 20 years from the infrared band of the satellite of National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) and the method we have developed, we investigate fault activities in western china. The results show that the areas with high residual values of land surface brightness temperature (LSBT), which is presumably related to faultings in space, accord usually with the locations of followed major earthquakes. The times of their value growing are also roughly consistent with the beginning of active periods of earthquakes. The low frequency component fields of the LSBT, acquired from wavelet analysis, exhibit well the spatial distributions of active faults. The "heat penetrability index" (HPI) related with enhancement of subsurface thermal information has been expressed well for the backgrounds of accelerated tectonic motions, and some correlations exist between HPI and the local faulting and seismicity. This study provides a new approach to study temporal-spatial evolution of recent activities of faults and their interactions.

关键词： infrared emission fault activity residual of land surface brightness temperature heat penetrability index.

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Surface deformation at the epicenter of the May 12,2008 Wenchuan M8 earthquake,at Yingxiu Town of Sichuan Province,china

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 154-163页

作者： DONG ShaoPeng,HAN ZhuJun & AN YanFen National Center of Seismic Fault Study,institute of Geology,china earthquake administration,Beijing 100029,china 1. National Center of Seismic Fault Study Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

Surface deformation,along National Highway 213.at the epicenter of Wenchuan M8 earthquake,at Yingxiu Town of Sichuan Province,china,is surveyed and measured in *** results show two distinct *** is that no horizontal displacement displays,or dextral strike-slip component at the observation point can not be found basically,the other is that uplift amount is 2.72 m,and the short-ening amount is 0.38 m,which reflects thrust shortening deformation is not *** crust uplift amount of 2.71 m is distributed in a belt with width of 60 *** model of lower crustal flow proposed by Royden et al.(1997) about the dynamic process in eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau seems more suitable to explain the seismic surface deformation characteristics at Yingxiu Town,the epicenter of the May 12,2008 Wenchuan M8 earthquake.

关键词： Wenchuan M8 earthquake Yingxiu Town surface deformation

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 4. institute of Geology, china earthquake administration, Beijing 100029, china 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Performance-based methodology for assessing seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 157-165页

作者： Lin Shibin1, Xie Lili1, 2,Gong Maosheng1,2 and Li Ming1,3 1.institute of Engineering Mechanics,china earthquake administration, Harbin 150080, china 2.School of Civil Engineering,Harbin institute of Technology,Harbin 150090, china 3.School of Civil Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 11016, china institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China

This paper presents a performance-based methodology for the assessment of seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings. The vulnerability assessment methodology is based on the HAZUS methodology and the improved capacity- demand-diagram method. The spectral displacement (Sd) of performance points on a capacity curve is used to estimate the damage level of a building. The relationship between Sd and peak ground acceleration (PGA) is established, and then a new vulnerability function is expressed in terms of PGA. Furthermore, the expected value of the seismic capacity index (SCev) is provided to estimate the seismic capacity of buildings based on the probability distribution of damage levels and the corresponding seismic capacity index. The results indicate that the proposed vulnerability methodology is able to assess seismic damage of a large number of building stock directly and quickly following an earthquake. The SCev provides an effective index to measure the seismic capacity of buildings and illustrate the relationship between the seismic capacity of buildings and seismic action. The estimated result is compared with damage surveys of the cities of Dujiangyan and Jiangyou in the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, revealing that the methodology is acceptable for seismic risk assessment and decision making. The primary reasons for discrepancies between the estimated results and the damage surveys are discussed.

关键词： performance-based vulnerability building damage seismic capacity software HAZUS

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Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2, SHEN Ji3, ZHANG Yixiang2, ZHANG Peizhen4, WANG Sumin3, LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2, JIANG Shaoren2, LIU Xingqi3 & WANG Yong31. institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710075, china 2. South china Sea institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou 510301, china 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, china 4. institute of Geology, china earthquake administration, Beijing 100029, china 1. institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. South china Sea institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

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Crustal P-wave velocity structure in Lower Yangtze region:Reinterpretation of Fuliji-Fengxian deep seismic sounding profile

Crustal P-wave velocity structure in Lower Yangtze region:Re...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： BAI Zhiming~1 & WANG Chunyong~2 1.institute of Geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,china 2.institute of geophysics,china earthquake administration,Beijing 100081,china

The finite-difference inversion method and Rayinvr technique had been employed to interpret the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction data of the Fuliji-Fengxian deep seismic sounding(DSS) profile in Lower Yangtze region,hence the velocity structure was acquired and conclusions were summarized as follows:(1) The velocity model along this profile can be divided into three large layers vertically(upper,middle and lower crusts) and six blocks laterally,and this velocity distribution agrees with the feature of stable platform.(2) The depth of Moho discontinuity is 30-36 *** thickness of the upper crust is 10.5-13.0km,where the lateral velocity varies strongly,and the velocity increases to 6.2 kms at ***,the velocity distributions in the bottom layer of middle crust and lower crust have an apparent *** velocity in upper layer of middle crust,lower layer of middle crust,lower crust and uppermost mantle is 5.9-6.2,6.3-6.4,6.6-7.0 and 8.06-8.29 kms,respectively.(3) On two sides of the Tanlu fault belt(TFB),the mid-crustal velocity structure is quite different, nevertheless no apparent discrimination in velocity distribution and boundary topography exhibits in lower crust,hence it is inferred that the Jiashan segment of TFB had probably cut through whole crust in the Mesozoic,and the fault behaviour in lower crust had disappeared due to the low viscosity produced by the orogenic extension or crustal balance,while the fault features in the rigid middle-upper crust have been preserved up to the present.(4) The moderate earthquakes with Ms>5.0 nearby Zhenjiang are related to the deep faults extending into the lower crust,and the earthquakes were probably induced by the energy been transferred from mantle lithosphere to upper-mid crust along the deep faults,and aggregated at some preferable tectonic positions.

关键词： eastern china Fuliji -Fengxian DSS profile wide-angle seismic data velocity structure Tanlu fault belt earthquake

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Bubble size distribution in surface wave breaking entraining process

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第11期50卷 1754-1760页

作者： HAN Lei1,2 & YUAN YeLi2 1 Department of Ocean Environment, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 266003, china 2 The First institute of Oceanography, State Ocean administration, Qingdao 266061, china 1. Department of Ocean Environment Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China 2. The First institute of Oceanography State Ocean Administration Qingdao 266061 China

From the similarity theorem, an expression of bubble population is derived as a function of the air en-trainment rate, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum density and the surface tension. The bubble size spectrum that we obtain has a dependence of a?2.5+nd on the bubble radius, in which nd is positive and dependent on the form of TKE spectrum within the viscous dissipation range. To relate the bubble population with wave parameters, an expression about the air entrainment rate is deduced by intro-ducing two statistical relations to wave breaking. The bubble population vertical distribution is also derived, based on two assumptions from two typical observation results.

关键词： wave breaking,bubble cloud,bubble size spectrum

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Thermal Activation Analyses of Dynamic FractureToughness of High Strength Low Alloy Steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2001年第2期17卷 215-218页

作者： Cunjian LI and Shaohua LI Welding Research Department, Central Iron & Steel Research institute, Beijing 100081, china Yuqing DENG State administration of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100711, china Cent Iron & Steel Res Inst Welding Res Dept Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Adm Met Ind Beijing 100711 Peoples R China

A formula is derived for determining the influence of temperature and loading rate on dynamic fracture toughness of a high strength low alloy steel (HQ785C) from thermal activation analysis of the experimental results of three-point bend specimens as well as introducing an Arrhenius formula. It is shown that the results obtained by the given formula are in good agreement with the experimental ones in the thermal activation region. The present method is also valuable to describe the relationship between dynamic fracture toughness and temperature and loading rate of other high strength low alloy steels.

关键词： test GB Thermal Activation Analyses of Dynamic FractureToughness of High Strength Low Alloy Steels

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Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1001-1012页

作者： SUN JianQi1, YUAN Wei2 & GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2 china Meteorological administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081, china 3 Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150030, china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. china Meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China 3. Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory Harbin 150030 China

Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast china via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern china. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern china. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation East Asian summer monsoon South Asian summer monsoon wave train abrupt climate change

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Dynamic Response of RPC-Filled Steel Tubular Columns with High Load Carrying Capacity Under Axial Impact Loading

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2008年第6期14卷 441-449页

作者：田志敏吴平安贾建伟 Beijing Canbao institute of Architectural Design institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration

Experimental investigation into impact-resistant behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC)-filled steel tubular columns was conducted,and dynamic response of the columns under axial impact loading was studied by means of numerical simulation *** coefficient of load carrying capacity and ratio of load carrying capacity between steel tube and RPC core of col-umns were obtained.

关键词： RPC-filled steel tubular column impact test numerical simulation impact properties anti-explosive properties

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