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The role of aerial algae in the formation of the landscape of the Yunnan Stone Forest,Yunnan Province, china

Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 846-864页

作者： TIAN Youping1,3, ZHANG Jie2. SONG Linhua1 & BAO Haosheng2.1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Department of Geography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3. School of Earth Sciences and {2., china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Earth Sciences and resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Department of Geography Nanjing University Nanjing China

Aerial algae on the surface of carbonate rocks at the Stone Forest, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, china, and their bioerosion were investigated in the field and studied in the laboratory in detail. Through the observation, identification and statistics of more than one hun- dred algal samples and rock samples with the optical microscopes (stereomicroscope, biological microscope) and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the relationships between erosional forms on the surface of the Stone Forest and algae and/or algal communities and the genetic mechanism for the formation of erosional forms were analyzed. It is suggested that aerial algae play an active role in bioerosive processes that may affect the formation of karst erosional forms. These effects include both direct and indirect ones. The direct effect is the initiative control (algal shape-controlling role) of algae on the formation of karst forms of various scales, mostly mi- cro-scale (<10-3m) and minor-scale (10-3-10-1m) erosional forms. The algal shape-controlling roles can be divided into the algal individual shape-controlling role and the algal community shape-controlling role. The former mostly controls the formation of micro-scale erosional forms, while the latter mostly controls the formation of micro-scale and smaller minor-scale erosional forms. The indirect effect refers to the promoting role of algae in the formation of karst forms, which may affect the formation of karst forms of all types and scales. The bioerosion of algae accelerates the weathering process of the whole Stone Forest karst landforms.

关键词： aerial algae, bioerosion, the Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, china.

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Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of china in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

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chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2010年第2期8卷 55-60页

作者： Wang Yining 1,2.1.institute of geographic Science and Natural {2. research,CAS,beijing 100101,china 2.Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china institute of geographic Science and Natural {2. research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some *** article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and *** efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and *** the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

关键词： urban water supply industry marketization public water service water resource management

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Spatial distribution of surface rock fragment on hillslopes in a small catchment in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 862-870页

作者： ZHU YuanJun1,2.& SHAO MingAn1 1 institute of Soil and Water Conservation, chinese {2. of Sciences and Ministry of Water resources, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712.00, china 2.institute of geographical Sciences and Natural resources research, chinese {2. of Sciences, beijing 100101, china institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling China institute of geographical Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The cover and size distributions of surface rock fragment in hillslopes were investigated by using digital photographing and treating technique in a small catchment in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the maximal cover of rock fragment was pre-sented at mid-position in steep hillslope. Rock fragment presented a general decreasing-trend along the hillslope in gentle hillslope. Rock fragment cover was positively related to gradient, rock fragment size decreased generally along the hillslope, and the size reduced with the gradient. The mean size of rock fragment was at a range of 6―2. mm in the steep hillslope, rock fragment size > 50 mm was rarely presented. The covers of rock fragment at different positions were markedly related to the quantities of rock fragment 2.50 mm accounted for 60% or more of the total area, dominating the distribution of rock fragment in the hillslopes.

关键词： wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau small catchment hillslope surface rock fragment cover and size

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Validity of the Bouchet's complementary relationship at 102.observatories across china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第5期52卷 708-713页

作者： YU JingJie1,2.ZHANG YongQiang3,LIU ChangMing1,2.1 institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research,chinese academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 2.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,chinese academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 3 CSIRO Land and Water,PO Box 1666,Canberra ACT 2.01,Australia institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CSIRO Land and Water Canberra Australia

Bouchet in 1963 hypothesized that for large homogeneous land surface with minimum advection of heat and moisture,there exists a 1:1 complementary relationship of potential and actual evaporation coupled through land-atmosphere *** complementary relationship has been widely used to estimate regional actual evaporation and explain the pan evaporation *** examine the standardized potential evaporation(potential evaporation divided by wet environment evaporation) at 102.observatories at different elevations across ***,the relationship is appropriate at the low elevations(<1000 m).With the increase of elevation,vapor transfer power becomes much less than radiation energy budget because of lower vapor pressure deficit and stronger global solar *** a result,at the high elevations(over 1000 m),the excess energy resulted by limited moisture availability is not enough to be converted into drying power of the *** result suggests that the complementary relationship is asymmetric at the high elevations.

关键词： evaporation complementary relationship elevation china

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Monitoring Dynamic Change of Land Cover Based on SVM and Satellite Images in Hanoi,Vietnam

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2010年第4期15卷 355-362页

作者： ZHAO Jinling1,2. LIU Chuang1, 3 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 3. College of {2. Science and Technology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China College of resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

An integral method,combining support vector ma-chine (SVM) with remote-sensing analysis techniques,was ex-plored to monitor Hanoi’s dynamic change of land cover. The landsat thematic mapper (TM) image in 1993,the enhanced the-matic mapper plus (ETM+) image in 2.00,and the image with the charge-coupled device camera (CCD) on the china-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) in 2.08 were used. Six land-cover types,including built-up areas,woodland,cropland,sand,water body and unused land,were identified. The detected results showed visually the rapid urban expansion as well as land-cover change of Hanoi from 1993 to 2.08. There were 12.637.54 hm2.cropland de-creased between 1993 and 2.00,and 8 2.7.6 hm2.cropland de-creased between 2.00 and 2.08. Compared with cropland,wood-land firstly decreased and then increased,and the other types did not change significantly. The results indicate that CBERS dataset has the application potential in world resources researches.

关键词： land cover the china-Brazil earth resources satellite (CBERS) support vector machine (SVM) change detection

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Principles and methods of quantitative analysis on b-axis disorder in 2.: 1 dioctahedral phyllosilicate

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第22期42卷 1908-1912页

作者： WANG Ling and ZHANG Zhenyu1. Changsha institute of Geotectonics, chinese {2. of Sciences, Changsha 410013, china 2. institute of Geology, chinese {2. of Sciences, beijing 10002., china Changsha institute of Geotectonics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

IN XRD patterns of clay minerals, a phenomenon that strong peaks often have (00l) and(hkl) (k=3n) indices and show symmetric figures can be seen commonly, while a minorityof reflection peaks (hkl) (k≠3n) are comparat... 详细信息

关键词： b-axis disorder pyrophvllile 2 phyllosilicate clay minerals dioctahedral minerals orientating structure of hy-droxyls crystal structure analysis DTA-TG.

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geographical Agglomeration of chinese Manufacturing Industries

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中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2007年第2期5卷 3-11页

作者： Zhang Hua 1, 2. Zheng Wei3 1. institute of geographical Sciences and Natural {2. research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. School of Geography, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china institute of geographical Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Based on the plant level data from the First National Census of Basic Units, the Second National Census of Basic Units, and the First National Economic Census of china, this paper ex- amines the geographical agglomeration of {2. manufacturing industries at a more disaggregated level both by industrial classi-fication and spatial unit analysis. Applying the agglomeration index proposed by Maurel and Sedillot, studies show that the most agglomerated industries are resource-intensive, and capital and technology intensive while industries demanding localized inputs or serving localized markets or favored by local governments are fairly dispersed. The more disaggregated industries are more spa- tially agglomerated. At the finer spatial scale, industries are more dispersed. Results indicate that within-county spillovers are stronger than nearby-county spillovers, and within-prefecture spillovers are stronger than nearby prefecture spillovers. Local- ized spillovers are still quite substantial at a range beyond that of counties. Comparing the agglomeration index of {2. manu- facturing industries in 1996, 2.01 and 2.04, agglomeration seems to be a general tendency. Results also indicate that some industries have experienced remarkable changes in their levels of agglom- eration in the period 1996–2.04.

关键词： industrial agglomeration manufacturing industries the MS index

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Global convergence property of s-dependent GFR conjugate gradient method

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第23期43卷 1959-1965页

作者： WANG Changyu 1,2.and ZHANG Yuzhong\+1 1. institute of Operations research in Qufu Normal University, Qufu 2.3165,{2. 2. institute of Applied Mathematics, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100080,{2. institute of Operations research Qufu Normal University Qufu China institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

An \%S\%_dependent GFR method and a generalized conjugate gradient method are designed. Two estimated values of upper bounds for the ratio of β k to β FR k are given. The two convergence theorems are proved. The global convergent properties of \%s\%_dependent GFR method are obtained adopting several choice strategies of steplength and some results in recent literature are extended.

关键词： steplength linear search global convergence conjugate gradient.

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Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 417-428页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, LIU Changming 1, XIA Jun1, TAN Ge 1, LI Lin1, LIU Caitang1, ZHOU Changqing 1 & GUO Lei2.1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. College of Water {2. and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. china institute of geographic Sciences and Natural {2. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China

The driving actions of rainfall-runoff process can be attributed to two aspects. The first is the influence of precipitation process, and the second is that of the ground pad. The re- search results of 179 indoor experiments conducted to imitate rainfall-runoff process indicate that both precipitation duration and intensity play important roles in affecting confluence lag time, which is obviously inconsistent with the traditional hypotheses. The nonlinear relationship is of great significance to the confluence curve especially when the precipitation duration is less than the total confluence time or the precipitation intensity is small. Therefore it can be concluded that the unit hydrograph (UH) can be applied to rainfall-runoff process imitation in the humid areas in the south china region. However, the UH application should be strictly modified in accordance with precipitation conditions in the arid and semiarid region of north china where the precipitation duration is short and the intensity is unstable. It will be hard to get ideal imitation results if the UH is applied blindly without considering specific conditions in the north china region. This also explains the unsatisfactory imitation results caused by using various hydrological models in the north china region. When the precipitation duration is short, and the watershed has not reached total watershed concentration, the characteristics of confluence change greatly, which reflects the actual situation in the north china region. Therefore necessary nonlinear corrections should be made when UH is applied. If the duration is longer than the total confluence time and the balance between pondage and discharge is stricken, the imitation research results will be applicable to both rainfall-runoff relation with longer duration in the south china region and the basic theoreti- cal research on runoff generation and concentration. On conditions of adequate rainfall, peak discharge is in linear relationship with inten

关键词： rainfall-runoff, driving factors, indoor imitation, experiment.

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A new principle of synthetic cascade utilization of chemical energy and physical energy

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第2期48卷 163-179页

作者： JIN Hongguang1, HONG Hui1,2. WANG Baoqun1,2. HAN Wei1,2.& LIN Rumou1,2.1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics, chinese {2. of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 2. Graduate School of the chinese {2. of Sciences, beijing 100039, china institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China

We propose a new principle of the cascade utilization of both chemical energy and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles. Particularly, a general equation of energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy is explicitly founded. On the basis of this equation, a chemical-looping combustion and an indirect combustion are investigated. Furthermore, a mechanism of energy release, with the combination of decreasing the energy level of Gibbs free energy and upgrading the energy level of low or middle- temperature thermal energy, is clarified. The promising results obtained here establish a theoretical basis for the further investigation of multi-function systems in which energy and the environment are compatible, and create a new approach to improve the performance of traditional thermal cycles.

关键词： chemical energy, cascade utilization, exergy, energy conversion.

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