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The influence of moderate ENSO on summer rainfall in eastern china and its comparison with strong ENSO

Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 791-800页

作者： XUE Feng1 & LIU ChangZheng1,2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2.graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences,{4., china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The 6 major ENSO events since 1979 are classified into the strong and moderate ENSO based on in-tensity. The composite analysis is performed to reveal the influence of ENSO on East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and summer rainfall in eastern china. It is shown that the influence is changed with the seasonal cycle in summer, with a weaker influence in June and a stronger influence in August, in-dicating a long lagged effect of ENSO on EASM. Besides, the circulation and rainfall anomalies caused by the strong ENSO are also stronger with an earlier starting time, while the influence of the moderate ENSO is evident in August. The composite summer rainfall in eastern china for the moderate ENSO exhibits a northern rainfall pattern, which is totally different from the classical ENSO-type rainfall pat-tern. Based on the composite analysis, two moderate ENSO years with a similar intensity (i.e., 1995 and 2003) are compared. The result shows that, the response of EASM to the moderate ENSO during June and July is, to a certain degree, modulated by the circulation systems in mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and in the Southern Hemisphere, thereby inducing a different rainfall distribution in eastern china. In comparison with the strong ENSO in 1983, it is further revealed that, the strong ENSO plays a dominant role in summer rainfall anomalies in eastern china as well as in controlling the influence of the other factors on EASM. The strong ENSO is therefore different with the moderate ENSO.

关键词：中国东部海洋气象学厄尔尼诺现象东亚季风降雨

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Insulin improves cardiomyocyte contractile function through enhancement of SERCA2a activity in simulated ischemia/reperfusion

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 919-926页

作者： Jie YU~2 Hai-feng ZHANG~2 Feng WU~2 Qiu-xia LI~2 Heng MA~2 Wen-yi GUO~3 Hai-chang WANG~3 Feng GAO~(2,3,4.5)2 Department of Physiology3 Department of Cardiology,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical university,Xi'an 710032,china 4.Institute of Molecular Medicine,Peking university,beijing 100871,china Department of Physiology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China Department of Cardiology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China Institute of Molecular Medicine Peking University Beijing China

Aim:Insulin exerts anti-apoptotic effects in both cardiomyocytes and coronaryendothelial cells following ischemia/reperfusion（I/R）via the Akt-endothelial ni-tric oxide synthase survival signal *** important insulin signalingmight further contribute to the improvement of cardiac function after *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-AT-Pase（SERCA2a）is involved in the insulin-induced improvement of cardiac con-tractile function following I/***:Ventricular myocytes were enzymaticallyisolated from adult SD *** I/R was induced by perfusing cells withchemical anoxic solution for 15 min followed by reperfusion with Tyrode's solu-tion with or without insulin for 30 *** shortening and intracellularcalcium transients were assessed and underlying mechanisms were ***:Reperfusion with insulin(10-7mol/L)significantly improved the recoveryof contractile function（n=15-20 myocytes from 6-8 hearts,P2+)fluorescenceratio,shortened time to peak Ca2+and time to 50% diastolic Ca2+,compared withthose in cells reperfused with vehicle（P2a activity were both increased in insulin-treated I/R cardiomyocytes,which were markedly inhibited by pretreatment of cells with a specific Akt ***,inhibition of Akt activity abolished insulin-induced positive contrac-tile and calcium transients responses in I/R ***:Thesedata demonstrated for the first time that insulin improves the recovery of contrac-tile function in simulated I/R cardiomyocytes in an Akt-dependent and SERCA2a-mediated fashion.

关键词： insulin ischemia/reperfusion cardiomyocyte contraction calcium transients SERCA2a Akt

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Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第1期54卷 1-9页

作者： WU GuoXiong1, GUAN Yue1,2, WANG TongMei3, LIU YiMin1, YAN JingHui4.& MAO JiangYu1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences,{4., china 3Department of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-Sen university, Guangzhou 510275, china 4.ational Climate Center, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100080, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China

Physical processes associated with onset of the 1998 Asian summer monsoon were examined in detail using multi-source datasets. We demonstrated that strong ocean-atmosphere-land interaction in the northern Indian Ocean and tropical Asian area during spring is a fundamental factor that induces the genesis and development of a monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), with the vortex in turn triggering onset of the Asian summer monsoon. In spring, strong surface sensible heating over India and the Indochina Peninsula is transferred to the atmosphere, forming prominent in situ cyclonic circulation, with anticyclonic circulations over the Arabian Sea and northern BOB where the ocean receives abundant solar radiation. The corresponding surface winds along the North Indian Ocean coastal areas cause the ocean to produce the in situ offshore currents and upwelling, resulting in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. With precipitation on the Indochina Peninsula increasing from late April to early May, the offshore current disappears in the eastern BOB or develops into an onshore current, leading to SST increasing. A southwest-northeast oriented spring BOB warm pool with SST >31°C forms in a band from the southeastern Arabian Sea to the eastern BOB. In early May, the Somali cross-equatorial flow forms due to the meridional SST gradient between the two hemispheres, and surface sensible heat over the African land surface. The Somali flow overlaps in phase with the anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea in the course of its inertial fluctuation along the equator. The convergent cold northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone cause the westerly in the inertial trough to increase rapidly, so that enhanced sensible heat is released from the sea surface into the atmosphere. The cyclonic vorticity forced by such sensible heating is superimposed on the inertial trough, leading to its further increase in vorticity strength. Since atmospheric inertial motion is destr

关键词： air-sea interaction spring BOB warm pool monsoon onset vortex inertial oscillation Asian summer monsoon onset

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Terrestrial transect study on driving mechanism of vegetation changes

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 984-991页

作者： ZHANG YuJin1,2 & ZHOU GuangSheng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100093, china 2.graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences,{4., china State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In terms of Chinese climate-vegetation model based on the classification of plant functional types, to- gether with climatic data from 1951 to 1980 and two future climatic scenarios (SRES-A2 and SRES-B2) in china from the highest and the lowest emission scenarios of greenhouse gases, the distribution patterns of vegetation types and their changes along the Northeast china Transect (NECT) and the North-South Transect of Eastern china (NSTEC) were simulated in order to understand the driving mechanisms of vegetation changes under climatic change. The results indicated that the vegetation distribution patterns would change significantly under future climate, and the major factors driving the vegetation changes were water and heat. However, the responses of various vegetation types to the changes in water and heat factors were obviously different. The vegetation changes were more sensi- tive to heat factors than to water factors. Thus, in the future climate warming will significantly affect vegetation distribution patterns.

关键词： driving mechanism vegetation terrestrial transect climatic change plant functional types

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Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of china in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第2期8卷 55-60页

作者： Wang Yining 1,2 1.Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,CAS,beijing 100101,china 2.graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing {4.,china Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some *** article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and *** efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and *** the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

关键词： urban water supply industry marketization public water service water resource management

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Particle tunnels across the horizon of Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger dilaton black hole

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2007年第5期50卷 601-610页

作者： FANG HengZhong1 & ZHAO Zheng2 1 Department of Physics, china university of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, china 2 Department of Physics, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china Department of Physics China University of Petroleum Dongying China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing China

We promote the work of Parikh and Wilczek on the black hole radiation to the emission of massive and charged particles from Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole. The energy and charge of the space-time are conservational during the course of the evaporation. The calculation shows that the emission spectrum is not precisely thermal, while has a correction, and the conclusion supports the view- point of information conservation.

关键词： Hawking radiation, black body spectrum, barrier, information loss, entropy of black hole, Komar energy

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Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of sources of porcelain body of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 411-420页

作者： LI Guoxia1, ZHAO Weijuan1, LI Rongwu2, SUN Hongwei1, GUO Min1, WANG Yanfang1, LIU Hui1, ZHAO Qingyun3, SUN Xinmin3, ZHAO Wenjun3 & CHENG Huansheng4.1. Faculty of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou 4.0052, china 2. Department of Physics, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 3. Institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 4.0000, china 4. Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan university, Shanghai 2004.3, china Faculty of Physical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province Zhengzhou China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai China

34.samples of Ru Guan porcelain body and 50 samples of Jun Guan porcelain body (both kinds being in different body colors) were selected with the purpose of finding out the source of raw materials and their classification relationship so as to search for ways of non-destructive discrimination. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been applied to these samples to determine their chemical elements. The data of seven major chemical elements collected from these samples were further studied through fuzzy cluster analysis. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of Jun Guan porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated in certain places, while that of Ru Guan porcelain body samples is scattered about. The places of origin of raw materials of the majority of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain body samples have something in common, but some differences still exist. It might be an important way for non-destructive discrimination among Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains by combining PIXE with fuzzy cluster analysis.

关键词： Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain, source of porcelain body, PIXE, fuzzy cluster analysis, non-destructive discrimination.

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The gravitational gradient tensor’s invariants and the related boundary conditions

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 781-790页

作者： YU JinHai1,2,3 & ZHAO DongMing4.1 College of Earth Science, graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 2 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 4.0077, china 3 State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, Xi’an 71004., china 4.Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 4.0052, china College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an China Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou China

Here we report new approaches of recovering the Earth gravitational field from GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gradiometric data with the help of the gradient tensor’s invariants. Our results only depend on GOCE satellite’s position and gradiometry, in other words, they are completely independent of the satellite attitude. First, starting from the invariants, linearization models are established, which can be referred as the general boundary conditions on the satellite’s orbit. Then, the spherical approximation expressions for the models are derived, and the corresponding solving methods for them are discussed. Furthermore, considering effects of J2-term, the spherical approximation models are improved so that the accuracies of the boundary conditions can be theoretically raised to O ( J 2/2 T), which is approximately equivalent to O(T2). Finally, some arithmetic examples are constructed from EGM96 model based on the derived theories, and the computational results illustrate that the spherical models have accuracies of 10-7 and the order recovering the gravitational field can reach up to 200, and the models with regard to effect of J2-term have accuracies of 10-8 and the order can reach up to 280.

关键词： the Earth’s gravitational field gravitational gravidiometry tensor’s invariant

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Population pharmacokinetics of valproate in Chinese children with epilepsy

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1677-1684页

作者： De-chun JIANG~(2,3),Li WANG~4.Yu-qin WANG~(2,6),Lin LI~3,Wei LU~5,Xiang-rong BAI~2~2 Department of Pharmacy,Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical university,beijing 100053,china ~4.Department of Pediatrics,Peking universityFirst Hospital,beijing 100034.china ~3 Department of Pharmacology,Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical university,Education Ministry KeyLaboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases,beijing 100053,china ~5 School of Pharmaceutical Science,Peking university,beijing 100083,china Department of Pharmacy Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Pharmacology Xuan-wu Hospital of Capital Medical University Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases Beijing China Department of Pediatrics Peking University First Hospital Beijing China School of Pharmaceutical Science Peking University Beijing China

Aim:The aim of the present study is to establish a population pharmacokinetic（PPK） model of valproate （VPA） in Chinese epileptic children to promote thereasonable use of anti-epileptic ***:Sparse data of VPA serumconcentrations from 4.7 epileptic children were *** patients weredivided into 2 groups:the PPK model group （n=317） and the PPK valid group（n=100）.The PPK parameter values of VPA were calculated by NONMEM soft-ware using the data of the PPK model group.A basic model and a final modelwere set *** validate the 2 models,the concentrations of PPK valid groupwere predicted by each model,*** mean prediction error （MPE）,mean squared prediction error （MSPE）,root mean squared prediction error（RMSPE）,weight residues （WRES）,and the 95% confidence intervals （95%CI） were also ***,the values between the 2 models were ***:The PPK of VPA was determined by a 1-compartment model with afirst-order absorption *** basic model was:Ka=3.09 (h-1),V/F=20.4.L）,CL/F=0.296 （L/h）.The final model was:Ka=0.251+2.24.（1-HS）(h-1),V/F=2.88+0.157·WT （L）,CL/F=0.1060.98·CO+0.0157·AGE （L/h）.For thebasic model,the MPE,MSPE,RMSPE,WRES,and the 95% CI were-23.53（-30.36,-16.70）,3728.96 （2872.72,4.85.20）,39.62 （34.34.4..90）,and-0.06 （-0.14.0.02）,*** the final model,the MPE,MSPE,RMSPE,WRES,and the95% CI were-1.16 （-4.85,2.53）,1002.83 （1050.64.114..61）,23.04.（21.12,24.96）,and0.08 （-0.04.0.20）,*** final model was more optimal than the ***:The PPK model of VPA in Chinese epileptic children wassuccessfully *** will be valuable to facilitate individualized dosageregimens.

关键词： population pharmacokinetics valproic acid epilepsy children Bayesian method NONMEM software individualized dosage regimens

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Features and distribution patterns of Chinese endemic seed plant species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 81-94页

We compiled and identified a list of Chinese endemic seed plant species based on a large number of published references and expert reviews. The characters of these seed plant species and their distribution patterns were described at length. china is rich in endemic seed plants, with a total of 14.939 species (accounting for 52.1% of its total seed plant species) belonging to 1584.genera and 191 families. Temperate families and genera have a significantly higher proportion of endemism than cosmopolitan and tropical ones. The most primitive and derived groups have significantly higher endemism than the other groups. The endemism of tree, shrub, and liana or vine is higher than that of total species; in contrast, the endemism of herb is lower than that of total species. Geographically, these Chinese endemic plants are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, southwest china. Species richness and proportion of these endemic plants decrease with increased latitude and have a unimodal response to altitude. The peak value of proportion of endemism is at higher altitudes than that of total species and endemic species richness. The proportions of endemic shrub, liana or vine, and herb increase with altitude and have a clear unimodal curve. In contrast, the proportion of tree increases with altitude, with a sudden increase at ～4.00 m and has a completely different model. To date, our study provides the most comprehensive list of Chinese endemic seed plant species and their basic composition and distribution features.

关键词： biodiversity conservation distribution pattern endemism flora of china seed plants.

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