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Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems

Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第22期49卷 2339-2347页

作者： WANG Jianzhu1,LIN Guanghui1,2,HUANG Jianhui1 & HAN Xingguo1 1.Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Sciences and Research Center for Plant ecology and Biodiversity Conservation,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2.department of global ecology,carnegie institution of washington,stanford,ca 94305,usa Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China department of global ecology Carnegie Institution of Washington Stanford CA 94305 United States

As natural tracers, stable isotopes have been extensively used in plant physiological, ecological and envi- ronmental research. Recently, animal physiological ecologists have also applied stable isotope techniques to study plant- animal relationships. The isotopic compositions of animal body generally reflect and integrate their diets over a time period ranging from hours to years to the lifetime of an indi- vidual. When animal living habitat changes or animals move to a new environment, the animal isotopic compositions will shift accordingly. Thus, stable isotope signatures of an ani- mal can truly reflect its food sources, habitat, distribution and movement patterns during a given time period. More- over, by analyzing animal-tissue isotopic compositions at different temporal scales, we can improve our understanding of animal adaptation to environmental changes. Stable iso- tope technique also provides an ideal tool to study animal foodweb relationship and community structure because of isotopic fractionation during the processes of nutrient as- similation by animals. Stable isotope technique can continu- ously measure animal trophic position in a foodweb, which can eventually reveal the predator-prey relationship and its role in determining matter balance and energy flow in the entire ecosystem. Stable isotope technique has been one of the most important and efficient tools in studying plant-animal relationship. In this paper, we first review recent advances in the application of stable isotope techniques to plant-animal relationship research then evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss some future directions associated with stable isotope applications to plant-animal relationship research.

关键词：稳定同位素植物-动物关联性食物来源营养水平动物迁移

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Phylogenetic analysis of Toxicodendron(Anacardiaceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of north temperate and tropical intercontinental disjunctions

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 416-430页

作者： 1,2Ze-Long NIE 1Hang SUN 1Ying MENG 1,3,4Jun WEN 1(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China) 2(Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) 3(department of Botany,National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian institution,washington,DC 20013-7012,usa) 4(Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) (department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013-7012 USA) (Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

Toxicodendron is a genus in the Rhus complex of Anacardiaceae with a disjunct distribution between eastern Asia and North America,extending to southeastern Asia and the ***(internal transcribed spacer,external transcribed spacer,and NIA-i3) and chloroplast(ndhF and trnL-F) sequences were used to construct phylogenetic relationships of *** analysis of these data strongly support Toxicodendron as a monophyletic group distinct from other genera of the Rhus complex,and the phylogeny does not fully corroborate classification at the sectional *** temperate disjunct lineages were detected,one from section Toxicodendron and the other between the eastern North American Toxicodendron vernix and the eastern Asian Toxicodendron *** divergence times were estimated to be 13.46(7.95-19.42) and 7.53(2.76-12.86) mya,*** disjunction between section Griffithii(taxa from warm temperate to tropical Asia) and Toxicodendron striatum(from the neotropics) was supported and their divergence time was estimated to be 20.84(11.16-30.52) mya in the early *** biogeographic results and the paleontological data support the Bering land bridge as the most likely route to explain the temperate disjunctions,yet the tropical disjunction in Toxicodendron seems to be best explained by the North Atlantic land bridge hypothesis.

关键词： Anacardiaceae biogeography disjunction eastern Asia neotropics North America phylogenetics Toxicodendron.

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Land Quality Assessment and Monitoring:The Next Challenge for Soil Science

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： H.ESWARAN J.KIMBLE U.S.departmentofAgriculture NaturalResourcesConservationServicePOBox2890WashingtonDC20013（USA） U.S.departmentofAgriculture NaturalResourcesConservationServicePOBox2890Washington

Sustainable land management (SLM) is the key to harmonizing environmental and ecological concernsof society with the economic realities of producing adequate food and fiber of high quality and ensuring abasic minimal quality of life. The aim of SLM is to maintain the integrity of the biophysical land resourcebase, but it can only be realized if land users understand the impacts of land management options on theirlands but also on other off-site areas and can optimize the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of theirchoice. To facilitate this, the contribution of soil survey organizations would be through the assessment andmonitoring of land quality. Land quality is a measure of the ability of land to perform specific functions and isderived by an integration of soil survey information with other environmental, and if necessary, socioeconomicinformation. The desired reliability influences the operational scale of the assessment. Such an assessmentwould assist in: 1) locating homologous areas for research sites or for transferring technologies; 2) providingthe geographic basis for systems analysis (e.g. by modeling); 3) serving as a basis for local, national andglobal resource assessment and monitoring; 4) providing an ecosystem context for land use, assessments oftemporal and spatial variability, and impact of human interventions; 5) serving as a framework for moredetailed assessment for all levels of interest; and 6) evaluating global issues such as food security, impacts ofclimate change, biodiversity monitoring, and addressing *** on an evaluation of the progress made in soil resource inventories and considering the demandsof the environment focused world, the paper considers the need for countries to mount such a program. Theauthors believe that this is the next demand of soil science and that we can fulfill our social contract byperiodically providing such information on the state of a nation's land resource.

关键词： degradation land quality monitoring of soils sustainable landmanagement

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Phylogeny and biogeography of Dendropanax(Araliaceae),an amphi-Pacific disjunct genus between tropical/subtropical Asia and the neotropics

Phylogeny and biogeography of Dendropanax(Araliaceae),an amp...

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后植物志时代的系统与进化植物学——2011年全国系统与进化植物学暨第十届青年学术研讨会

作者： Rong Li~1 and Jun Wen~(2,3) (1 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650204,China department of Botany,National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166,Smithsonian institution,washington,D.C.20013-7012 usa

Dendropanax(Araliaceae) is a genus of about 75-80 species disjunctly distributed in tropical to subtropical Asia and the Neotropics,showing an amphi-Pacific tropical *** phylogeny of the genus was constructed with the sampling of 95 accessions representing 33 species of Dendropanax and 43 closely related taxa employing sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region and six plastid regions(the ndhF gene,the trnL-trnF region,the rps16 intron,the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer,the rp116 intron,and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer).Phylogenetic analyses of the combined plastid and ITS data suggested that the monophyly of Dendropanax was not supported because the Asian D. *** clade did not group with the main Dendropanax ***,the maximally parsimonious trees(MPTs) from the analysis constraining Dendropanax as a monophyletic group were only one step longer than the unconstrained *** New World and the Old World Dendropanax except *** and *** each formed a robustly supported clade,and the two clades were sister to each *** on biogeographic analyses and fossil-calibrated Bayesian dating, Dendropanax was hypothesized to have originated in the Old World and migrated into the New World via the North Atlantic land bridges in the early *** amphi-Pacific intercontinental disjunction of Dendropanax was dated to be 41.83 mya with a 95%high posterior density[HPD]interval of 28.46-56.15 *** crown New World clade of Dendropanax was estimated at 27.43 mya(95%HPD;17.56-38.47 mya) and the crown Old World clade was dated to be at 24.92 mya(95%HPD;14.75-35.65 mya).The diversification in Central and South America was perhaps driven by the uplift of the northern Andes and the rising of the volcanic islands between South and Central America in the late *** diversification in the Old World was centered in southern China and Indochina,corresponding to the active orogenie

关键词： amphi-Pacific tropical disjunction Araliaceae biogeography Dendropanax phylogeny

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Very Low Genetic Diversity of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius L.)Revealed by Inter-simple Sequence Repeats(ISSR)

Very Low Genetic Diversity of American ginseng(Panax quinque...

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第六届全国系统与进化植物学青年学术研讨会

作者： Zhou Shi-Liang Elizabeth A. Zimmer Wen Jun(Laboratoiy of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and department of Botany, Smithsonian institution, washington D.C. 20560, usa department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1878, usa)

Genetic diversity in two populations of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius L.)was assessed using inter-simplesequence repear(ISSR)*** simple primers were used to resolve the genetic *** primergenerated 1 repeatble bands on a 1.5% agarose gel.A total of 36 repeatable bands were scored,none of whichshowed any *** the 11 primers,two of them(ISS7 and ISSR814)shawed some ***,thebanding pattems of such variable bands were not consistently repeatable in further *** of the lack of

关键词： Araliaceae American ginseng genetic diversity, ISSR Panax quinquefolius L.

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PHYLOGENY AND HISTORIcaL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF PISTACIA(ANAcaRDIACEAE) AS INFERRED FROM MULTIPLE NUCLEAR AND PLASTID DNA SETS

PHYLOGENY AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF PISTACIA(ANACARDIAC...

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后植物志时代的系统与进化植物学——2011年全国系统与进化植物学暨第十届青年学术研讨会

作者： LEI XIE~(1,2),Zhi-yun Yang~1,TING-SHUANG YI~1,DE-ZHU LI~1 AND JUN WEN~(1,3) 1 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Southwestern China Wild Species Bank, Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China 2 College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China and 3 department of Botany,National Museum of Natural History,MRC 166, Smithsonian institution,washington,DC 20013-7012,usa

Pistacia *** a disjunct distribution in Mediterranean Eurasia and adjacent Africa, eastern Asia,and southwestern North America to Central *** development of the intercontinental disjunctions in Pistacia has been explored using phylogenetic and historical biogeographic *** parsimony and Bayesian methods were employed to analyze sequences of multiple nuclear ribosomal and plastid loci from all recognized Pistacia *** dating analysis was conducted to estimate

关键词： Anacardiaceae intercontinental disjunction Madrean-Tethyan disjunction Pistacia phylogeny historical biogeography

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Integration of GPS with a WiFi high accuracy ranging functionality

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 155-168页

作者： Khalid NUR Shaojun FENG Cong LING washington OCHIENG Centre for Transport Studies Department of Civil&Environmental EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK department of Electrical&Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

High accuracy seamless positioning is required to support a vast number of applications in varying operational *** the last few years,the global positioning system(GPS)has become the de facto technology for positioning ***,its performance is limited in indoor and dense urban environments due to multipath as well as signal attenuation and blockage.A number of techniques integrating GPS with other positioning technologies have been developed to address the limitations of standalone GPS in these difficult *** most of the developed techniques cover the outages of GPS in such environments,they do not provide acceptable performance,in terms of positioning accuracy,especially for some mission-critical(***)*** paper proposes a tightly coupled(*** the measurement domain)GPS/WiFi integration method which,in addition to addressing GPS outages,improves the overall positioning accuracy to the meter-level,thus satisfying the requirements of a number of location based services and intelligent transport systems *** performance of the proposed GPS/WiFi integration method is assessed for a number of scenarios in a simulation environment for an identified dense urban area in London,UK.

关键词： GPS integration time estimation WiFi Improved FOCUSS for Arrival Time Estimation(IFATE) Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA) WLAN IEEE802.11g

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New methods for dual constellation single receiver positioning and integrity monitoring

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 201-209页

作者： Shaojun FENG Altti JOKINEN carl MILNER washington OCHIENG Centre for Transport Studies Department of Civil&Environmental EngineeringImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Département Sciences et Ingénierie de la Navigation Aériene(SINA) Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile(ENAC)ToulouseFrance

Navigation system integrity monitoring is crucial for mission(***)critical *** autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM)based on consistency checking of redundant measurements is widely used for many ***,there are many challenges to the use of RAIM associated with multiple constellations and applications with very stringent *** paper discusses two positioning techniques and corresponding integrity monitoring *** first is the use of single frequency pseudorange-based dual *** employs a new cross constellation single difference scheme to benefit from the similarities while addressing the differences between the *** second technique uses dual frequency carrier phase measurements from GLONASS and the global positioning system for precise point *** results show significant improvements both in positioning accuracy and integrity monitoring as a result of the use of two *** dual constellation positioning and integrity monitoring algorithms have the potential to be extended to multiple constellations.

关键词： receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) ambiguity validation multiple constellations precise point positioning(PPP)

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中国古眼蝶的鉴别(鳞翅目,蛱蝶科)(英文)

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动物分类学报 2010年第3期35卷 680-681页

作者： Brian Harris Gerardo Lamas Robert K.Robbins department ofEntomology PO Box 37012NHB Stop 105Smithsonian Institution Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

Identity of the Chinese satyrine butterfly Palaeonympha avinoffi Schaus, 1927 has been uncertain since its description. The holotype is illustrated, and reasons are presented for considering it to represent the same species as Sinonympha amoena Lee, 1974, new synonym. Sinonympha avinoffi is a new combination. The systematic placement of Sinonympha is yet uncertain.

关键词：中国古眼蝶鉴别方法鳞翅目

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极端条件下崭新硅烷分子材料的合成以及利用振动光谱和同步辐射的结构表征(英文)

极端条件下崭新硅烷分子材料的合成以及利用振动光谱和同步辐射的...

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中国化学会第二十五届学术年会

作者： Yang Song1,*, Zhenxian Liu2, Russell J. Hemley2, Ho-kwang Mao2, Dudley R. Herschbach3 1department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, canada 2Geophysical Laboratory, carnegie institution of washington, washington DC 20015, usa 3department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, cambridge, MA 02138, usa

Syntheses of novel molecular structures as well as the study of dynamics and kinetics under extreme conditions, such as high pressures, have received increasing attentions. As one of three principal t

关键词： high pressure Raman spectroscopy FTIR crystal structure synchrotron radiation

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