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Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2006 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 748-758页

作者： ZHANG WenJiang1, LU QiFeng2, GAO ZhiQiang3 & PENG Jian4 1 School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, china 2 National Satellite meteorological Center, china meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 4 School of Environmental sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 1. School of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China 2. National Statellite meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China 3. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 4. School of Environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2006 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2001―2006 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2006 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

关键词： Sichuan Basin drought Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index response of remote sensing regional scale

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Simulation of aerodynamic performance affected by vortex generators on blunt trailing-edge airfoils

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 1-7页

作者： YANG Ke1,2,ZHANG Lei1,3 & XU JianZhong1,2 1 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100190,china 2 Key Laboratory of Wind Energy Utilization,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100190,china 3 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100190,china 1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Key Laboratory of Wind Energy Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

An investigation was carried out by numerical simulation on a wind turbine airfoil and a blunt trailing-edge airfoil with and without vortex generators (VGs), and the performance of the airfoils was analyzed. By the simulation of airfoil DU 91-W2-250 it was verified that the numerical method and model were credible. Based on this airfoil, a new one with a blunt trailing edge of 6% chord was blended by symmetrically adding thickness, and its characteristics curves were obtained through computing at key angles of attack. Additionally, the pressure distribution on blended airfoil was analyzed by comparing to the airfoil without blend. The interaction of streamwise vortices induced by VGs with trailing vortex or separation vortex was considered, followed by the uncovery of how VGs can suppress the boundary layer separation.

关键词： vortex generators airfoil blunt trailing-edge

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Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1270-1279页

作者： LIU Feng1,2, HU Fei2 & ZHU Jiang2 1. College of Environmental sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 2. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 1. College of Environmental sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China

The optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources, which optimizes the economic object without violating environmental constraints, is an important and hard task to be conquered. In this paper, an adjoint method is developed to solve the problem. The penalty function is in-troduced to deal with the environmental inequality constraints, and Lagrange function is con-structed to derive the adjoint equation and the gradient of the object function. In this means, the gradient of the object function can be calculated by solving the adjoint equation, and the infor-mation from the gradient is used to make the object function descend and approach to an optimal solution after some iterations. A two-dimensional, simplified model is used for numerical experi-ments. The theoretical derivations are verified by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, the adjoint method is shown to be of excellent convergence and efficiency, which is adaptive to the fast development of air quality numerical models and super computers.

关键词： optimum planning, industrial pollutant sources, adjoint equation, penalty function, gradient.

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THE DUAL MIXED METHOD FOR AN UNILATERAL PROBLEM

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2003年第6期21卷 733-746页

作者： Lie-heng Wang(LSEC, ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080, china) LSEC ICMSEC Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

In this paper, the dual mixed method for an unilateral problem, which is the simplified modelling of scalar function for the friction-free contact problem, is considered. The dual mixed problem is introduced, the existence and uniqeness of the solution of the problem are presented, and error bounds O(h3/4) and O(h3/2) are obtained for the dual mixed finite element approximations of Raviart-Thomas elements for k = 0 and k = 1 respectively.

关键词： Dual Mixed Method Unilateral Problem.

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A novel operation mode for spaceborne polarimetric SAR

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Science china(Information sciences) 2011年第4期54卷 884-897页

作者： QI WeiKong 1,2 & YU WeiDong 1 1 Institute of Electronics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100190,china 2 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100039,china 1. Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

A novel operation mode for spaceborne polarimetric SAR,named polarization space-division adding polarization code-division (PSD-PCD) operation mode,is proposed in this paper through combining polarimetric SAR with elevation digital beam-forming (DBF) on *** a pulse repetition interval the up-chirp LFM sub-pulse is transmitted with horizontal polarization antenna,and with some delay the down-chip LFM subpulse is transmitted with vertical polarization antenna to realize code *** every sub-aperture receives returns from ground,SAR system uses range DBF to separate echoes relative to different sub-pulses in order to realize space *** system PRF is equal to that of single-polarization SAR,and elevation DBF help reduce range ambiguity ***,the main system parameters,including PRF,delay between two sub-pulses,radar equation and ambiguity are analyzed and compared with those of single-polarization *** results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of PSD-PCD operation mode.

关键词： spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetry digital beamforming (DBF) operation mode ambiguity ratio polarization space-division polarization code-division

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Current status and future of acid rain in china

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第24期42卷 2076-2081页

作者： DING Guo’an, XU Xiaobing, FANG Xiumei, JIN Shaping, XU Xia, Tang Jie, LIU Qijun, WANG Shufeng and WANG Wenxing1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 2. chinese academy of Environment sciences, beijing 100012, china chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

As a part of the national key project of acid rain research, chemical element analysis of rainwater has been carried out based on observation of acid rain network in chinese meteorologicalAdministration over the years of 1992 and 1993. Samples of precipitation collected from eachacid rain station were taken according to the standard established by chinese meteorologicalAdministration. pH value was measured with pH meter (accuracy of 0. 01) made in

关键词： acid rain current status future.

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A CLASS OF NEW PARALLEL HYBRID ALGEBRAIC MULTILEVEL ITERATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第6期19卷 651-672页

作者： Zhong-zhi Bai (LSEC ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and Systems sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china) 中科院计算数学与科学工程计算所北京 100080

Presents preconditioning matrices having parallel computing function for the coefficient matrix and a class of parallel hybrid algebraic multilevel iteration methods for solving linear equations. Solution to elliptic ... 详细信息

关键词： elliptic boundary value problem system of linear equations symmetric positive definite matrix multilevel iteration parallel method

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Transformations and non-degenerate maps

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Science china Mathematics 2005年第z1期48卷 195-205页

作者： LI Baokui & WANG Yuefei Institute of Mathematics, academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china 1. Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

We shall prove the equivalences of a non-degenerate circle-preserving map and a M(o)bius transformation in ^Rn, of a non-degenerate geodesic-preserving map and an isometry in Hn of a non-degenerate line-preserving map and an affine transformation in Rn. That a map is non-degenerate means that the image of the whole space under the map is not a circle, or geodesic or line respectively. These results hold without either injective or surjective, or even continuous assumptions, which are new and of a fundamental nature in geometry.

关键词： M(o)bius transformation, circle-preserving map, non-degenerate map.

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CONVERGENCE OF NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第5期19卷 539-548页

作者： Yu-hong Dai (LSEC, ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and Systems sciences, chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080, china) 中科院计算数学与科学工程计算所北京 100080

Presents a study on methods for unconstrained optimization. Assumptions of the study; Main results; Convergence properties of the methods under simplified Armijo-type line search.

关键词： unconstrained optimization conjugate gradient (generalized) line search global convergence

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COMPOSITE-STEP LIKE FILTER METHODS FOR EQUALITY CONSTRAINT PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2003年第5期21卷 613-624页

作者： Pu-yan Nie(LSEC, ICMSEC, academy of Mathematics and System sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china) 中科院数学与系统科学院 LSEC ICMSEC CAS 北京 100080

In a composite-step approach, a step Sk is computed as the sum of two components Uk and hk. The normal component Vk, which is called the vertical step, aims to improve the linearized feasibility, while the tangential component hk, which is also called horizontal step, concentrates on reducing a model of the merit functions. As a filter method, it reduces both the infeasibility and the objective function. This is the same property of these two methods. In this paper, one concerns the composite-step like filter approach. That is, a step is tangential component hk if the infeasibility is reduced. Or else, Sk is a composite step composed of normal component Uk, and tangential component hk.

关键词： Composite-step like approaches Filter methods Equality constraints Sequen- tial quadratic programming(SQP) algorithms Normal component Tangential component Convergence.

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