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Characteristics of the Lower Yellow River channel shrinkage and its discriminant parameters

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1374-1386页

作者： HU ChunHong1.& ZHANG GuoGang2 1.china {1. of water resources and hydropower research,Beijing 1.0038,china 2 Guangdong Electric Power Design {1.,Guangzhou 51.663,china 1. china {1. of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 100038 China2. Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Guangzhou 510663 China

This paper analyzes the changing trends of the Lower Yellow River(LYR) transverse profile parameters and their aberrance points by the time series analysis *** results show that there has been a trend of changes in the LYR channel transverse profile parameters since the *** main river channel has a tendency of shrinkage year by year and the trend will be continued in the *** main features of the LYR channel shrinkage are remarkable reductions of bankfull dis-charges and bankfull areas,corresponding decreases of bankfull widths,average bankfull water depths and maximal bankfull water depths,as well as increases of bankfull water levels and width-depth ratios *** discriminant parameters for threshold of the LYR main channel shrinkage were put *** indicates that the LYR main channel began to shrink in the 1.70s and has entered into a serious phase of channel shrinkage since the *** incompatible index of discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir was introduced,which revealed that there was a trend of increasing in the incompatibility between water flow and sediment *** relations between the LYR main channel shrinkage parameters and discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir were founded,which indicate that the LYR main channel shrinkage can be mitigated and improved through the regulation of discharged water-sediment processes of the reservoir,especially through the regulation of water-sediment incompatible *** LYR channel for water and sediment transportation can be restored and maintained.

关键词： Lower Yellow River time series analysis main river channel shrinkage discriminant parameters of channel shrinkage water-sediment incompatible index

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Hydraulic characteristics of converse curvature section and aerator in high-head and large discharge spillway tunnel

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 33-39页

作者： LIU ZhiPing 1.2,ZHANG Dong 2,ZHANG HongWei 2 &WU YiHong 1.2 1.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing {1.,china 2.china institute of water resources and hydropower research,Beijing {1.,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin Beijing 100038 China2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China

The hydraulic characteristics and cavitation erosion near the converse curvature section in the high-head and large discharge spillway tunnel have been important issues of concern to the hydropower *** this paper,the evolutions of hydraulic elements such as pressure,flow velocity,wall shear stress,*** the converse curvature section are analyzed and the impacts of bottom aerator on hydraulic characteristics are discussed,with the commercial software FLUENT6.3 as a platform and combining the k-model and VOF *** flow pattern in the converse curvature section of spillway tunnel is given by the three-dimensional numerical *** indicates that the pressure changes rapidly with great pressure gradient from the beginning to the end of the *** also shows that the shear stress on side wall just downstream the end of the converse curvature curve is still increasing;the aeration cavity formed downstream the bottom aerator may cause the side wall pressure decreased to worsen the cavitation characteristics near the side *** means of the physical model experiment,the three-dimensional aerator composed of side wall baffling aerator and bottom aerator is studied,the baffling aerator suitable for the {1. flow conditions with {1. depth of 6.0 to 8.0 m and flow velocity of 35 to 50 m/s is proposed.

关键词： spillway tunnel baffling aerator converse curvature section hydraulic characteristics

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research on the multi-level intake {1. temperature effect of the Yalong River Jinping-I hydropower project

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 125-132页

作者： WU ShiYong 1.CAO Wei 1.WANG HongMei 1.SUN ShuangKe 2 &CHEN QiuWen 3 1.Ertan hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 61.051.{1. 2.china institute of water resources and hydropower research,Beijing 1.0038,{1. 3 research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 1.0085,{1. 1. Ertan hydropower Development Company Ltd. Chengdu 610051 China2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Based on the discussion of the multi-level intake application status of high dam reservoir,this paper takes the Jinping-I hydropower project reservoir in the Yalong River as an example,which is shaped by the highest 305 m high arch dam,and carries out the forecasting {1. on the reservoir temperature by numerical simulation and physical model *** paper studies the intake effect of withdrawing the surface warm water by the stoplog gates inlets and verifies the reliability of the mathematical model by comparative *** results show that for a high dam hydropower station,taking the appropriate multi-level intake measure can withdraw the surface warm water in the spawning season and provide a favorable environment for the fish *** technical ideas and implementation scheme are adopted in this *** can provide technical reference for the solutions of similar problems in the future and it also has important engineering significance on the {1. of water temperature in large deep reservoirs.

关键词： water temperature multi-level intake Jinping-I hydropower project

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research on stability of the accumulated rock-soil body of reservoir bank under rainfall condition

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2528-2535页

作者： GU ChongShi1,2,WU HaiZhen1,2 & SU HuaiZhi1,2 1 College of water resources and hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china 2 National Engineering research Center of water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china 3 Jiangxi water Conservancy research institute,Nanchang 330029,china 1. College of water {1. and hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China 2. National Engineering research Center of {1. resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China 3. Jiangxi water Conservancy {1. institute Nanchang 330029 China

The shear strength parameters property of rock-soil aggregates in embankment slope of reservoir,that is,the relationship between cohesion and gravel content,between friction angle and gravel content,and the relationship between cohesion and water content,between friction angle and water content,is studied based on the direct shear test results,the shear strength change law of the rock-soil aggregates is given,and the unsaturated shear strength formulation of rock-soil aggregates that could consider suction and saturation degree influence is put forward in this paper,through which the sliding or failure physical mechanism of this type of slope under the condition of rainfall infiltration is studied. Also the 3D unsteady saturated-unsaturated seepage field and its FEM resolving mode are established based on the analysis of the slope rainfall infiltration process. Case study with this method indicates that the minimum safety factor of the accumulated rock-soil aggregates dose not arrive at the moment of rainfall cessation,but appears several hours after the rainfall cessation,this phenomenon is in accordance with the practical slope engineering's failure process and could explain appropriately the slope failure caused by rainfall infiltration. research results in this paper have an important reference value for the research on stability of the accumulated rock-soil aggregates in embankment slope of reservoir,and can enrich the stability analysis method and relevant theory of reservoir embankment slope.

关键词： reservoir bank slope rock-soil aggregates rainfall infiltration saturated/unsaturated seepage

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Study on real working performance and overload safety factor of high arch dam

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 48-59页

作者： ZHANG GuoXin,LIU Yi & ZHOU QiuJing Department of Structures and Materials,china {1. of water resources and hydropower research,Beijing 1.0038,china 1. Department of Structures and Materials China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China

Considering the fact that high arch dams have problems such as complicated stress,high cost,and hazards after being damaged,this paper intends to study the effects of load,material strength,and safety analysis method on dam safety and working performance of arch *** this article,the effects of temperature,self weight exaction way and water loading on structure response are first discussed,and a more reasonable way of considering is then put *** taking into consideration the mechanical property of materials and comparing the effects of different yield criteria on overloading safety of high arch dams,this paper concludes that brittle characteristics of concrete should be fully considered when conducting safety assessment for high arch dams to avoid overestimating the bearing capacity of the *** comparing several typical projects,this paper works out a safety assessment system of multiple safety and relevant engineering analogical analysis methods,which is closer to the actual situation,and thus is able to assess the response of high arch dam structure in a more comprehensive way,elicit the safety coefficients in different situations,and provide a new way of considering the safety assessment of high arch dams.

关键词： high arch dam real working performance safety load strength safety assessment method

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Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 417-428页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1. LIU Changming 1. XIA Jun1. TAN Ge 1. LI Lin1. LIU Caitang1. ZHOU Changqing 1.& GUO Lei2 1. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural {1. research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.01.1. china 2. College of water {1. and hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, china 1. institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural {1. research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. College of water {1. and hydropower Engineering Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China

The driving actions of rainfall-runoff process can be attributed to two aspects. The first is the influence of precipitation process, and the second is that of the ground pad. The re- search results of 1.9 indoor experiments conducted to imitate rainfall-runoff process indicate that both precipitation duration and intensity play important roles in affecting confluence lag time, which is obviously inconsistent with the traditional hypotheses. The nonlinear relationship is of great significance to the confluence curve especially when the precipitation duration is less than the total confluence time or the precipitation intensity is small. Therefore it can be concluded that the unit hydrograph (UH) can be applied to rainfall-runoff process imitation in the humid areas in the south china region. However, the UH application should be strictly modified in accordance with precipitation conditions in the arid and semiarid region of north china where the precipitation duration is short and the intensity is unstable. It will be hard to get ideal imitation results if the UH is applied blindly without considering specific conditions in the north china region. This also explains the unsatisfactory imitation results caused by using various hydrological models in the north china region. When the precipitation duration is short, and the watershed has not reached total watershed concentration, the characteristics of confluence change greatly, which reflects the actual situation in the north china region. Therefore necessary nonlinear corrections should be made when UH is applied. If the duration is longer than the total confluence time and the balance between pondage and discharge is stricken, the imitation research results will be applicable to both rainfall-runoff relation with longer duration in the south china region and the basic theoreti- cal research on runoff generation and concentration. On conditions of adequate rainfall, peak discharge is in linear relationship with inten

关键词： rainfall-runoff, driving factors, indoor imitation, experiment.

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Experiments and sensitivity analyses for heat transfer in a meter-scale regularly fractured granite model with water flow

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第12期13卷 958-968页

作者： Wei LU1.2,Yan-yong XIANG1.(1.chool of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 1.0044,china) (2State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of {1. Cycle in River Basin,china institute of {1. resources and hydropower research,Beijing 1.0038,china) 1. School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China

Experiments of saturated water flow and heat transfer were conducted for a meter-scale model of regularly fractured granite. The fractured rock model （height 1.02.5 ram, width 904 mm, and thickness 300 mm）, embedded with two vertical and two horizontal fractures of pre-set apertures, was constructed using 1. pieces of intact granite. The granite was taken from a site currently being investigated for a high-level nuclear waste repository in {1.. The experiments involved different heat source temperatures and vertical water fluxes in the embedded fractures either open or filled with sand. A finite difference scheme and computer code for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in regularly fractured rocks was developed, verified against both the experimental data and calculations from the TOUGH2 code, and employed for parametric sensitivity analyses. The experiments revealed that, among other things, the temperature distribution was influenced by water flow in the fractures, especially the water flow in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source, and that the heat conduction between the neighboring rock blocks in the model with sand-filled fractures was enhanced by the sand, with larger range of influence of the heat source and longer time for approaching asymptotic steady-state than those of the model with open fractures. The temperatures from the experiments were in general slightly smaller than those from the numerical calculations, probably due to the fact that a certain amount of outward heat transfer at the model perimeter was unavoidable in the experiments. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicated that the tem- perature distribution was highly sensitive to water flow in the fractures, and the water temperature in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source was rather insensitive to water flow in other fractures.

关键词： Fractured granite water flow Heat transfer Physical modeling Numerical calculation Sensitivity analysis

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Numerical simulation of two-phase turbulent flow in hydraulic and hydropower engineering

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2007年第z1期50卷 79-89页

作者： DAI HuiChao1,2?, WANG LingLing1, GAO JiZhang3, ZHANG XiaoDong3 & YANG ZhongHua2 1 College of water Conservancy and hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, china 2.china Yangtze River Three Gorges Project Development Corporation, Yichang 443002, china 3 china institute of water resources and hydropower research, Beijing 100044, china College of water Conservancy and {1. Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China china Yangtze River Three Gorges Project Development Corporation Yichang 443002 China china {1. of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 100044 China

In connection with the specific features of high velocity aerated flow generated by hydraulic engineering structures, the mathematical model is developed for high turbulence air-water two-phase flow with the use of twin flow theoretical model in this paper. Furthermore the numerical method is proposed to treat bubbled flows. In addition, on the basis of air-water stratified twin flow model, the new calculation methods and free surface tracking technique are proposed to describe complicated movements of the free surface. Finally, the proposed model is used to calculate artificial aerated flows. The computed results coincide quite well with experimental results. This means that the proposed method can provide solid basis for practical engineering design.

关键词： high turbulence two-phase flow twin flow model aerated flow free surface

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Sediment delivery ratio and its uncertainties on flood event scale:Quantification for the Lower Yellow River

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 854-862页

作者： FU XuDong 1.JIANG LiWei 1.WU BaoSheng 1.HU ChunHong 2,WANG GuangQian 1.&FEI XiangJun 1.1.tate Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 1.0084,china 2china institute of hydropower and water resources research,Beijing 1.0044,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China2. China Institute of Hydropower and Water Resources Research Beijing 100044 China

Sediment delivery ratio(SDR)for fluvial rivers was formulated with sediment rating *** observed data of SDR on flood event scale of the Lower Yellow River(LYR)were adopted to examine the formulation and to calibrate the model parameters.A regression formula of SDR was then established and its 95%prediction interval was accordingly quantified to represent its overall *** types of factors including diversity of the incoming flow conditions,river self-regulation processes,and human activities were ascribed to the *** following were shown:(1.With the incoming sediment coefficient(ISC)being a variable,it was not necessary to adopt the incoming flow discharge as the second variable in the formulation of SDR;and(2)ISC=0.003 and therefore SDR=2 might be a threshold for distinguishing the characteristics of sediment transport within the *** findings would highlight sediment transport characteristics on the scale of flood event and contribute to uncertainty based analysis of water volume required for sediment transport and channel maintenance of the LYR.

关键词： sediment delivery ratio Lower Yellow River flood event uncertainty prediction interval

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Temporal and spatial distribution of dam failure events in china

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International Journal of Sediment research 2008年第4期23卷 398-405页

作者： X.Y.HE 1.Z.Y.WANG 2,and J.C.HUANG 31.Senior Engineer,Department of water Hazard {1.,china institute of water resources and hydropower {1.,Beijing 1.0038,china2 Prof.,State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 1.0084,china 3 Prof.,Department of water Hazard {1.,china institute of water resources and hydropower {1.,Beijing 1.0038,china [a]Senior Engineer Department of water Hazard {1. china {1. of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 1.0038 china [b]Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 1.0084 china [c]Prof. Department of water Hazard {1. china {1. of water resources and hydropower research Beijing 1.0038 china

Reservoirs play a vital role in economic development and flood control. Nevertheless, both human and natural factors may lead to dam failures with catastrophic consequences. Analyzing the data of dam failure events from 1.54 to 2003 and using the method of energy spectrum analysis, this paper studies the periodicity of dam failures. The rate of failure of different dam ages is analyzed. The climate is the main factor affecting the rate of dam failure. Climate diagrams are used to analyze the spatial distribution of dam failure events in china. High rate of dam failure occurs with 25-year and 1..5-year periods. The distribution of the percentage of dam failure shows an L-shape as a function of service age. The first 5 years of operation is known as the "infant period", during which, the probability of dam failure is much higher than during any other periods. The failure rate in areas near or north to the 400 mm annual isopluvial line is notably higher than other areas. In areas with high temperature difference among seasons have a high annual average dam failure rate.

关键词： Dam failure Temporal and spatial distribution Service age Climate diagram

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