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Exsolution of ilmenite and Cr-Ti magnetite from olivine of garnet-wehrlite

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1368-1376页

作者： LIU Xiangwen1,2. JIN Zhenmin1,3, QU Jing2.& WANG Lu2.1. state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 2. Graduate School of china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 3. Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 1. state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. Graduate School of china university of Geo{2. 430074 Wuhan China 3. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China

Exsolution of rod-like ilmenite (Ilm) and Cr-Ti magnetite (Mt) have been found in olivine of garnet-wehrlite from the core of Chinese Continental sciences Drilling (CCSD). Their composition, morphology, crystal structure and their topotaxies with host olivine have been studied in detail by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe microanaly- sis (EPMA) technique. It shows that rod-like Ilm exsolution reported in this paper has similar characteristic with that of Alpe Arami olivine, while Cr-Ti magnetite exsolution mentioned in this paper has large discrepancy with chromite exsolution in Alpe Arami olivine. These observations suggest that both of the exsolutions found in this paper should be solid solution phases in β-olivine at their first period, then experiencing decomposition of solid solution and therefore forming Ilm and Cr-Ti magnetite exsolution with the pressure decreasing. So, this garnet-wehrlite perhaps had been ever located in mantle transition zone with a minimum depth of 300 km.

关键词： garnet-wehrlite, ilmenite, magnetite, exsolution, CCSD.

Genomics,metagenomics,and microbial oceanography—A sea of opportunities

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第4期54卷 473-480页

作者： FANG JiaSong 1,2.&ZHANG Li 3 1 state key {2. of Marine Geology,Tongji university,Shanghai 2.0092.china 2.College of Natural and Computational sciences,Hawaii Pacific university,Kaneohe,HI 96744,USA 3state key {2. of geological processes and {12. resources,Faculty of Earth sciences,china university of Geosciences,wuhan 43.074,china 1. state key {2. of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China2. College of Natural and Computational Sciences Hawaii Pacific University Kaneohe HI 96744 USA3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Microbial oceanography is an emerging discipline resulted from the interaction,cross-fertilization and integration of life science and ocean *** oceanography integrates the principles of marine microbiology,microbial ecology and oceanography to study the role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical dynamics of natural marine *** application of genomics tools to study marine microbes is resulting in rapid advancements in microbial oceanography that has important implications in global carbon cycle,climate change,and ecosystem *** we review the application of genomics and metagenomics in microbial oceanography and suggest future directions in microbial oceanography research.

关键词： microbial oceanography genomics metagenomics genes biomass bacteria archaea eukarya phylogeny physiology metabolism ecology biogeochemistry microbiology ecosystem function

Exploring the deep biosphere

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第2期54卷 157-165页

作者： FANG JiaSong1,2.& ZHANG Li3 1 state key {2. of Marine Geology, Tongji university, Shanghai 2.0092. china 2.College of Natural and Computational sciences, Hawaii Pacific university, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 3 state key {2. of geological processes and {12. resources, Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 1. state key {2. of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China2. College of Natural and Computational Sciences Hawaii Pacific University Kaneohe HI 96744 USA3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the Earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.

关键词： deep biosphere Thomas Gold microorganism biomass DNA ribosome ODP CARD-FISH dark energy lipids serpentinization

Indian Ocean-MORB-type isotopic signature of Yushigou ophiolite in North Qilian Mountains and its implications

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 561-572页

作者： HOU Qingye1,2, ZHAO Zhidan1,2, ZHANG Hongfei3, ZHANG Benren3 & CHEN Yuelong2 1. state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources, china university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 2. School of Earth Science and mineral resources, china university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 1. state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 2. School of Earth Science and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

In order to explore the disputed issue concerning the tectonic affinity ofthe ancient ocean mantle of North Qilian Mountains (NQM), geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopiccompositions of pillow basalts of the Yushigou Ophiolite (YSGO) suite from NQM have been analyzedsystematically. The pillow basalts exhibit tholeiitic characteristics, with flatchondrite-normalized REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N = 0.98—1.2.). They display no Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf negativeanomalies, and show MORB features in 2.b-Zr/4-Y and Ti/100-Zr-YX3 tectonic discrimination *** results indicate that the Yushigou ophiolite is most likely to be formed in a mid-ocean ridgeor mature back-arc basin. Their isotopic data show a relatively broad and enriched ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(0.70509 — 0.70700), restricted ^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd (0.512.55-0.512.78). Pb isotopes are in the rangeof ^(2.6)Pb/^(2.4)Pb (18.054-2..562., ^(2.7)Pb/^(2.4)Pb (15.537-15.743) and ^(2.8)Pb/^(2.4)Pb(38.068-38.530). These isotopic data imply that the basalts originated from the depleted mantle(DMM), with the involvement of enriched mantle components (mainly EMII). Geochemical comparisonsbetween the basalts in YSGO and the MORB-type basalts of ophiolite suites occurring in the knownancient Tethyan tectonic domain indicate that the ancient oceanic mantle represented by YSGO suiteforming in early Paleozoic in the North Qilian Moutains is very similar to the Tethyan mantle inboth trace elements and isotopic compositions. The North Qilian Mountains should be a part of theTethyan tectonic domain in early Paleozoic. This further implies that the Tethyan tectonic domaincan be deduced to early Paleozoic in the study area, which will be helpful to discussing thetectonic affinity and evolution of the North Qilian Mountains.

关键词： geochemistry, Indian Ocean-MORB-type isotopic signatures, Tethyan tectonic domain, Yushigou ophiolite, North Qilian Mountains.

Petrogenesis of Indosinian volcanic rocks in Songpan-Garze fold belt of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau:New evidence for lithospheric delamination

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1316-1328页

作者： CAI HongMing1,2. ZHANG HongFei1,2. XU WangChun1,2. SHI ZhangLiang1,2.& YUAN HongLin3 1 state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources, wuhan 43.074, china 2.Faculty of Earth sciences, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 3 state key {2. of Continental Dynamics, Northwest university, Xi’an 710069, china 1. state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources Wuhan 430074 China2. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China3. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University Xi’an 710069 China

In the Songpan-Garze fold belt of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, an Indosinian lithospheric delamination model has been proposed, based on previous investigation of widespread granitoids. However, this model lacks comparable information from volcanism in the area. During the Indosinian delamination in the Songpan-Garze fold belt, whether partial melting of litho- spheric mantle taken place is debated. This paper reports U-Pb zircon LA-ICP-MS ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions from the Aba and Wasai calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the central Songpan-Garze fold belt. Obtained magma crystallization ages are 2.0±3 Ma for the Aba andesite and 2.5±1 Ma for the Wasai andesite. These are consistent with magma crystallization ages of the late Indosinian granitoids in the Songpan-Garze fold belt that formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The Aba and Wasai andesites have distinct geochemical singnatures. The former has higher Al2.3, K2., Rb but lower Na2., Ba and Sr contents, suggesting differences in their magmatic evolution. The Aba andesites have ISr values of 0.7070-0.7076 and εNd(t) values of -3.9 to -5.3, and the Wasai andesites have ISr values of 0.7075-0.7077 and εNd(t) values of -3.6 to -3.9. Zircons show εHf(t) values of -3.7 to 0.3 for the Aba andesites and -2.7 to 5.5 for the Wasai andesites. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate that fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes are not key roles for their magma evolution, implying that their chemical compositions are those of primary melts. We suggest that the magma of the Aba andesites originated predominantly from a crustal source, with a minor mantle-derived component. The source region of the magma was likely at the crust-mantle boundary. The magma of the Wasai andesites resulted from partial melting of lithospheric mantle, which was probably metasomatized by fluids so that it was amphibole bearing. The petrogenesis of the Aba and Wasai andesite

关键词： volcanism U-Pb dating geochemistry petrogenesis lithospheric delamination Songpan-Garze fold belt

Geochemistry of high-Mg andesites from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, western Liaoning: Implications for lower crustal delamination and Sr/Y variations

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第9期49卷 904-914页

作者： WANG Xiaorui1, GAO Shan1,2. LIU Xiaoming1, YUAN Honglin1, HU Zhaochu1, ZHANG Hong1,3 & WANG Xuance4 1. state key {2. of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest university, Xi`an 710069, china 2. state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources, china university of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 3. Shenyang Institute of Geology and mineral {12., Shenyang 110032. china 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 1. state key {2. of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 710069 China 2. state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 3. Shenyang Institute of Geology and mineral resources Shenyang 110032 China 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

85 volcanic rocks of the Yixian Formation from the Sihetun type section werecollected and analyzed for geochemical and isotopic compositions. Major element compositionsindicate that the Sihetun volcanic rocks are high magnesium andesites with some basalts occurring atthe bottom of section. The Sihetun high magnesium andesites (SiO_2.= 52.82.59.31 wt%, Al_2._3=14.15-16.35wt%) show many characteristics of adakites such as depletion in heavy rare-earth elements(HREE; Yb = 1.03-1.88 μg/g) and Y(12.2. μg/g) and high Sr (62.-132. μg/g) and Sr/Y(32.88), withhigh La_N/Yb_N ratio (10-2.). They share similar major and trace element characteristics to volcanicrocks from the Xinglonggou Formation except their lower Nd isotope ratios (^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd(130Ma) = 0.5118-0.5119, ε_(Nd) (130Ma) = -11.6-13.8, ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr (130 Ma) = *** were interpreted in a way that eclogite that formed at the base of thickened Archean lowercrust of the North china craton foundered into the convecting mantle and subsequently melted andinteracted with peridotite. However, compared to the Xinglonggou volcanic rocks, the source of theSihetun magma contained more ancient continental crustal material in order to explain its evolved Ndisotopes. The age of the Sihetun Formation was 12. to 130 Ma, and this indicates that delaminationlasted to the early Cretaceous period. The Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios of the Sihetun high-Mgandesites show significant negative correlations with SiO_2.for samples with SiO_2.> 56%. Thesesuggest that the Sr and Sr/Y values were reduced due to fractional crystallization of ***, the effect of crystallization on volcanic Sr and Sr/Y ratio has to be taken intoaccount.

关键词： High-Mg andesite, Adakite, Yixian Formation, North china Craton, delamination.

Spatio-temporal carbon isotope variation during the Ediacaran period in South china and its impact on bio-evolution

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1520-1528页

作者： WANG XinQiang1 & SHI XiaoYing1,2.1 School of Earth Science and mineral resources,{2. university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,{2. 2.state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources, Beijing 100083,{2. School of Earth Science and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources Beijing 100083 China

The Ediacaran period is characterized by the extremely negative carbon isotope anomalies and great biotic evolution in Earth history. At least four negative carbon isotope anomalies have been reported from this interval in South china so far. It is traditionally argued that the isotope variations can be used as a useful tool for global correlation of Ediacaran succession; however, more and more researches argued against this idea. We reviewed the previously published carbon isotope data in South china, and distributed the mean values of a certain time to the paleogeographic maps. The results show that the carbon isotope values (δ13C) vary greatly in different environments, but a clear tendency of becoming lighter from shallow platform to deep basin, with a maximum variation up to 1‰ Moreover, the important changes in Ediacaran biota, marked by the introducing of new taxa or ecologic groups, seemed to always postdate the negative anomalies but coincide with the positive shift. If the negative excursions represented the oxidation of a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reservoir in the ocean, the diverse Ediacaran organisms and the carbon isotope anomalies may suggest totally different environments: oxic and anoxic/euxinic. We also suggest that the elimination of euxinic {2. through precipitation of pyrites is one of the important environment factors in prompting the Ediacaran bio-evolution.

关键词： Ediacaran South china carbon isotope spatio-temporal variations bio-evolution

SHRIMP U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses of Middle Ordovician meta-cumulate gabbro in central Qiangtang, northern Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 657-664页

作者： ZHAI QingGuo1 WANG Jun1, LI Cai2.& SU Li3 1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing 100037,{2. 2.College of Earth sciences, Jilin university, Changchun 130061,{2. 3 The geological laboratory Center and state key laboratory of geological {12. and mineral resources,{2. university of Geo- sciences, Beijing 100083,{2. 1. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China2. College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 China3. The Geological Laboratory Center and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Metabasites consisting of metamorphic ultra-mafic rocks, cumulate gabbro, gabbro (diabase), basalt, and plagiogranite are exposed at the Taoxinghu area in central Qiangtang, northern Tibetan Plateau. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating for the cumulate gabbro yields a weighted mean age of 467±4 Ma, which is the oldest and most reliable magmatic age in this area. Zircon 176Hf/177Hf ratios range from 0.2.2.15 to 0.2.2.57, with εHf(t) values of 5.02.0.2., indicating that the cumulate gabbro was mainly derived from the depleted mantle. In addition, geochemical data of metabasites suggest that they have similar characteristics to those in the mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). The Taoxinghu metabasites may represent the fragment of Early Paleozoic ophiolite in the "Central Uplift" of the Qiangtang, northern Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Qiangtang cumulate gabbro SHRIMP dating Hf isotope

Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2. TONG Jinnan3, QIU Haiou4 & ZHAO Laishi3 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china 2. Henan Institute of {2. Survey, Zhengzhou 450007, china 3. state key laboratory of {2. processes and mineral resources at china {12. of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering, china {12. of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Henan Institute of geological Survey Zhengzhou 450007 China 3. state key {2. of geological processes and mineral resources at china university of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13C background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13C values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.