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Architecture and key technologies of grid geographic information system

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 102-113页

作者： FANG Yu,HUANG Zhou,CHEN Bin,WU Lun & YIN DaFei institute of remote {2. and Geographic Information System,Peking University,beijing 100871,{4. institute of remote {2. and Geographic Information System Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The highly efficient and stable collaborative computation platform for geospatial information can be constructed on the basis of Grid computing technology,com-bined with Peer-to-Peer (P2.) computing technology and geospatial database technology. This paper proposed the architecture and key technologies of the Grid GIS (Geographic Information System) incorporated with P2. structure,and corre-spondingly a Grid GIS prototype named Nebula was designed and then imple-mented. Nebula is a suite of middleware for geospatial Grid computing,which could be deployed onto various service nodes in network. Based on Grid protocols and infrastructure,Nebula provides invocation interfaces to users in form of Grid services. By using P2. message based communication mechanism,complex geospatial computation tasks could be accomplished by Nebula in a collaborative way. This paper introduced Nebula's architecture and key modules,and according to experimental data,we discussed the Grid GIS's advantages,application scenar-ios and future directions.

关键词： Grid GIS distributed geospatial computing Peer-to-Peer computing

GRACE detection of the medium-to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2.04.Mw9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2012年第3期25卷 235-240页

作者： Jin Li1,2.3 and Wenbin Shen1,3,4. 1 Department of Geophysics, School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 4.0079, china 2.key {2. of Geodynamic Geodesy of chinese academy, Wuhan 4.0077, china 3 key {2. of Geospace Environment and Geodesy (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan 4.0079, china 4.state key {2. of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and {12. sensing, Wuhan 4.0079, china 1. Department of Geophysics School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China 2. key laboratory of Geodynamic Geodesy of {2. {4. Wuhan 430077 China 3. key laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy (Ministry of Education) Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China 4. state key {2. of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan 430079 China

Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth’s gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2.04.Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within GRACE monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10-8 m·s-2.in the region ranging ～4.° from the epicenter, which is considered as the 'medium ffield' in this study. From the GRACE data released by Center for Space Research from August 2.02.to December 2.08, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian ffilter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by GRACE in the medium field have an average of (-0.2.±0.06)×10-8 m·s-2. which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that GRACE is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry.

关键词： GRACE medium-to far-field coseismic gravity change 2.04.Sumatra-Andaman earthquake spherical-Earth dislocation model

A semantic geographical knowledge wiki system mashed up with Google Maps

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 52-60页

作者： GAO Yong,GAO Song,LI RunQiang & LIU Yuinstitute of remote {2. and Geographical Information Systems,Peking University,beijing 100871,{4. 1. institute of remote {2. and Geographical Information Systems Peking University Beijing 100871 China

A wiki system is a typical Web 2.0 application that provides a bi-directional platform for users to collaborate and share much useful information ***,computers cannot well understand the wiki pages in plain *** user-generated geographical content via wiki systems cannot be manipulated properly and efficiently unless the geographical semantics is explicitly *** this paper,a geographical semantic wiki system,Geo-Wiki,is introduced to solve this ***-Wiki is a semantic geographical knowledge-sharing web system based on geographical ontologies so that computers can parse and storage the multi-source geographical ***,Geo-Wiki mashed up with map services enriches the representation and helps users to find spatial distribution patterns,and thus can serve geospatial decision-making by customizing the Google Maps APIs.

关键词： geo-ontology semantic wiki mashup Google Maps

A new approach toward object-based change detection

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 105-110页

作者： ZHANG Guo1,2.LI Yang1 & LI ZhiJiang3 1 state key {2. of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and {4. sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 4.0079,china 2.Satellite of Surveying and Mapping Application center,state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping,beijing 100830,china 3 School of Printing and Packaging,Wuhan University,Wuhan 4.0079,china Wuhan Univ State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China state Bur Surveying & Mapping Satellite Surveying & Mapping Applicat Ctr Beijing 100830 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Printing & Packaging Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China

Object-based change detection has been the hotspot in remote sensing image processing.A new approach toward object-based change detection is *** two different temporal images are unitedly segmented using the mean shift procedure to obtain corresponding *** change detection is implemented based on the integration of corresponding objects’ intensity and texture *** are conducted on both panchromatic images and multispectral images and the results show that the integrated measure is robust with respect to illumination changes and *** color detection is conducted to determine whether the color of the unchanged objects changes or not when dealing with multispectral *** verification work is carried out to show the accuracy of the proposed approach.

关键词： mean shift united segmentation change detection object-based intensity texture integration

Characterization of plastic flow in two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第4期49卷 414-424页

作者： XING Dongmei1,2. ZHANG Taihua1, LI Weihuo3 & WEI Bingchen3 1. state key {2. of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), {4. of Mechanics, chinese academy of Sci- ences, beijing 100080, china 2. College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074. china 3. National Microgravity {2., {4. of Mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china 1. state key {2. of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. College of Physics and Electronic Information Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074 China 3. National Microgravity laboratory Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Plastic deformation behaviors of Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15 and Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are studied by using the depth-sensing nanoindentation, microindentation and uniaxial compression. The Be-containing BMG exhibits a signifi- cantly improved overall plastic strain compared with the Be-free alloy during compressive tests. Both BMGs show a loading-rate-dependent serrated flow during nanoindentation measurements, but the Be-containing alloy exhibits a much lower critical loading rate for the disappearance of the serration than the Be-free BMG. The shear band patterns de- veloped during plastic deformation are investigated by microindentation technique, wherein much higher shear band density is found in the Be-containing alloy than in the Be-free alloy, indicating an easier nucleation of shear bands in the former BMG. The dif- ference in the plastic deformation behavior of the two BMGs can be explained by a free volume model.

关键词： Bulk metallic glass, plastic deformation, shear band, nanoindentation.

Focal plane wave-front sensing algorithm for high-contrast imaging

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第8期52卷 1284-1288页

作者： DOU JiangPei1,2.3,REN DeQing1,2.4.ZHU YongTian1,2.& ZHANG Xi1,2.3 1 National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing {4. of Astronomical Optics & Technology,chinese {2. of sciences,Nanjing 2.004.0}china 2.key laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology,Nanjing {4. of Astronomical Optics & Technology,chinese {2. of sciences,Nanjing 2.004.0}china 3 Graduate University of{12.,beijing 10004.,china 4.Physics & Astronomy Department,California {24. University Northridge,18111 Nordhoff Street,Northridge,California 91330-82.8,USA National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China key laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Physics & Astronomy Department California State University Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California 91330-8268 USA

High-contrast imaging provided by a coronagraph is critical for the direction imaging of the Earth-like planet orbiting its bright parent star.A major limitation for such direct imaging is the speckle noise that is induced from the wave-front error of an optical *** derive an algorithm for the wave-front measurement directly from 3 focal plane *** 3 images are achieved through a deformable mirror to provide specific phases for the optics *** introduce an extra amplitude modulation on one deformable mirror configuration to create an uncorrelated wave-front,which is a critical procedure for wave-front *** simulation shows that the reconstructed wave-front is consistent with the original wave-front theoretically,which indicates that such an algorithm is a promising technique for the wave-front measurement for the high-contrast imaging.

关键词： high-contrast imaging multi-image algorithm speckle nulling technique wave-front sensing

Application of ensemble kalman filter to geophysical parameters retrieval in remote sensing:A case study of kernel-driven BRDF model inversion

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 632-640页

作者： QIN Jun1, YAN Guangjian1, LIU Shaomin1, LIANG Shunlin2. ZHANG Hao1, WANG Jindi1 & LI Xiaowen1 1. state key {2. of {4. sensing Science, School of Geography and {4. sensing, Research Center for RS&GIS, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Department of Geography, 2.81 Lefrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD2.74.0} USA 1. state key {2. of remote {4. Science School of Geography and Remote Sensing Research Center for RS&GIS Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. Department of Geography 2181 Lefrak Hall University of Maryland College Park MD20742 USA

The use of a priori knowledge in remote sensing inversion has great implications for ensuring the stability of inversion process and reducing uncertainties in retrieved results, especially under the condition of insufficient observations. Common optimization algorithms have difficulties in providing posterior distribution and thus cannot directly acquire uncertainties in inversion results, which is of no benefit to remote sensing application. In this article, ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been introduced to retrieve surface geophysical parameters from remote sensing observations, which has the capability of not merely obtaining inversion results but also giving its posterior distribution. To show the advantage of EnKF, it is compared to standard MODIS AMBRALS algorithm and highly effi-cient global optimization method SCE-UA. The inversion abilities of kernel-driven BRDF models with different kernel combinations at several main cover types are emphatically discussed when observa-tions are deficient and a priori knowledge is introduced into inversion.

关键词： remote sensing inversion, a priori knowledge, posterior distribution, ensemble kalman filter, BRDF, kernel-driven model, albedo.

Spectral response of rice(Oryza sativa L.) leaves to Fe^(2.) stress

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Science china(Life sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 747-753页

作者： CHI GuangYu1,2.CHEN Xin1,SHI Yi1 & LIU XinHui3 1 key laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process,{2. of Applied Ecology,{4. academy of sciences,Shenyang 110016,china 2.Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 10004.,china 3 state key Joint laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,beijing Normal University,beijing 100875,china key laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China state key Joint {2. of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

In the management of lake eutrophication,the regulation effect of Fe is considered,in addition to the controlling nitrogen-and phosphorus *** on the "Fe hypothesis",this paper tentatively applied plant spectral response to the remote sensing early-warning mechanism of lake eutrophication.A {2. water culture experiment with rice(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted to study Fe uptake by plants and the chlorophyll concentration and visible-near infrared spectrum of vegetable leaves as well as their interrelations under Fe2. *** spectral indices,i.e.,A1(integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range 4.0―670 nm under Fe2. stress),A2.integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range of 760―1000 nm under Fe2. stress) and S(blue-shift range of red edge curve under Fe2. stress),were used to establish quantitative models about the relationships between the rice leaf spectrum and Fe2. *** the increase of Fe2. in a culture solution,the Fe content in rice plants increased,while the chlorophyll concentration in vegetative leaves *** spectral reflectivity of vegetable leaves increased in the visible light band but decreased in the near infrared band,and the blue-shift range of the red edge curve *** indices A1,A2.and S all had significant correlations with the Fe content in rice leaves,the correlation coefficient being respectively 0.951(P 2.> 0.96) and predict the Fe level in rice leaves.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) spectrum Fe2. lake eutrophication

The accuracy assessment in areal interpolation:An empirical investigation

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 62-71页

作者： LIU XiaoHang1 & LIU Yu2.1 Department of Geography & Human Environmental Studies,San Francisco state University,San Fran-cisco,CA 94.32.USA 2.{4. of {2. sensing and Geographical Information Systems,Peking University,beijing 100871,china Department of Geography & Human Environmental Studies San Francisco State University San Francisco CA 94132 USA institute of remote {2. and Geographical Information Systems Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Areal interpolation is the process of transferring data from source zones to target zones. While method development remains a top research priority in areal interpo-lation,the accuracy assessment aspect also begs for attention. This paper reports an empirical experience on probing an areal interpolation method to highlight the power and potential pitfalls in accuracy assessment. A kriging-based interpolation algorithm is evaluated by several approaches. It is found that accuracy assessment is a powerful tool to understand an interpolation method,e.g. the utility of ancillary data and semi-variogram modeling in kriging in our case study. However,different assessment methods and spatial units on which assessment is conducted can lead to rather different results. The typical practice to assess accuracy at the source zone level may overestimate interpolation accuracy. Assessment at the target zone level is suggested as a supplement.

关键词： areal interpolation accuracy assessment area-to-point kriging