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The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay Basin

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Science china earth {2. 2004年第9期47卷 769-782页

作者： LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2. REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083. {2. 2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, Sino-Petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, Beijing 100083. {2. china Univ Geosci Dept Energy Geol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Sino Petr & Chem Cooperat Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay Basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution.

关键词： episodic rifting, fault slopebreak zone, depositional pattern, Bohai Bay Basin.

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Thermal-rheological structure of the lithosphere beneath Jiyang Depression:Its implications for geodynamics

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第10期48卷 1569-1584页

作者： LIU Shaowen1,2. WANG Liangshu2. GONG Yuling2. LI Cheng2. LI Hua2.& HAN Yongbing2.1. Department of Urban and resources, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, {2. 2. Department of earth sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, {2. Department of Urban and resources Nanjing university Nanjing {2. Department of earth sciences Nanjing {2. Nanjing china

Jiyang Depression, located in the southeast Bohai Bay Basin, has the geomorpho-logic framework of multiple uplifts intervening with sags. Combined the abundant geo-temperature data and thermo-physical parameters of rock samples derived from oil and gas exploration during the past years, with geothermal approaches, here we investigate the litho-spheric thermal regime of this depression. Consequently, based on the obtained thermal struc-ture of the lithosphere, along with rheological modeling, the lithospheric rheological profiles of Jiyang Depression are then determined. Our results show that the temperature at the bottom of sedimentary cover within depression varies from 12.℃ to 2.8 ℃ , accompanied with the base-ment heat flow ranging between 54.3 and 60.5 mW/m2. and 406℃-436℃ for temperature at the bottom of the upper crust, along with heat flow varying from 47.7 to 52.6 mW/m2. while the tem-perature at the bottom of the middle crust is between 537 ℃ and 572.℃, as well as heat flow ranging from 41.3 to 56.3 mW/m2. The temperature at Moho ranges from 669 ℃ to 72. ℃, the heat flow derived from mantle is between 38.1 and 43.1 mW/m2. and calculated thickness of the thermal lithosphere beneath depression varies from 71 to 90 km. Lithospheric thermal regime is a close correlation with such factors as crustal thickness and surface heat flow, etc. Usually, the larger the surface heat flow, the larger the deep temperature and heat flow within lithosphere, and the thinner the thermal lithospheric thickness. This high thermal regime of the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is thought to be related to Cenozoic back-arc spreading during the western Pacific plate subduction into Eurasian continent. Lithospheric rheological modeling shows that the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is characterized by its distinct rheological stratification as follows: The upper and most part of the middle crust are of brittle, while the lower crust and the lower part of middle crust are all ductile

关键词： Jiyang Depression, geothermics, rheology, effective elastic thickness, geodynamics.

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The mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 391-397页

作者： HUANG Cheng1, SONG Bo1, MAO Jinghong2.& ZHAO Pei3 1. school of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing {2. china 2. school of Material Science, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing {2. china 3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, china 1. school of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 2. school of Material Science University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute 100081 Beijing China

The heterogeneous nucleation has been analyzed in terms of the thermodynamic theory, and the mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation has been developed based on the dynamic requirements of hetero- and homogeneous nucleation. With the wetting angel model, the wetting angles of different catalysts in liquid iron have been calculated. The result shows that the wetting angle of most catalysts is smaller than 40, and the value of f() is far less than 1. The wetting angles of TiN, TiC and RE2.3 are smaller, while the wetting angle of MnO is bigger among the ordinary nucleation catalysts. The wetting angles calculated by this model are in agreement with the results of other research work.

关键词： heterogeneous nucleation, mathematical model, wetting angle, undercooling.

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Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第3期48卷 417-428页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, LIU Changming 1, XIA Jun1, TAN Ge 1, LI Lin1, LIU Caitang1, ZHOU Changqing 1 & GUO Lei2.1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan university, Wuhan 430072. china 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China

The driving actions of rainfall-runoff process can be attributed to two aspects. The first is the influence of precipitation process, and the second is that of the ground pad. The re- search results of 179 indoor experiments conducted to imitate rainfall-runoff process indicate that both precipitation duration and intensity play important roles in affecting confluence lag time, which is obviously inconsistent with the traditional hypotheses. The nonlinear relationship is of great significance to the confluence curve especially when the precipitation duration is less than the total confluence time or the precipitation intensity is small. Therefore it can be concluded that the unit hydrograph (UH) can be applied to rainfall-runoff process imitation in the humid areas in the south china region. However, the UH application should be strictly modified in accordance with precipitation conditions in the arid and semiarid region of north china where the precipitation duration is short and the intensity is unstable. It will be hard to get ideal imitation results if the UH is applied blindly without considering specific conditions in the north china region. This also explains the unsatisfactory imitation results caused by using various hydrological models in the north china region. When the precipitation duration is short, and the watershed has not reached total watershed concentration, the characteristics of confluence change greatly, which reflects the actual situation in the north china region. Therefore necessary nonlinear corrections should be made when UH is applied. If the duration is longer than the total confluence time and the balance between pondage and discharge is stricken, the imitation research results will be applicable to both rainfall-runoff relation with longer duration in the south china region and the basic theoreti- cal research on runoff generation and concentration. On conditions of adequate rainfall, peak discharge is in linear relationship with inten

关键词： rainfall-runoff, driving factors, indoor imitation, experiment.

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Variation of karst spring discharge in the recent five decades as an indicator of global climate change: A case study at Shanxi, northern china

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第11期48卷 2001-2010页

作者： GUO Qinghai1, WANG Yanxin1, MA Teng1 & LI Luxiu2.1. school of Environmental Studies, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 430074, {2. 2. Office of Water Resource Management of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, {2. 1. school of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. Office of Water Resource Management of Shanxi Province 030001 Taiyuan China

Karst in Shanxi Province is representative of that in northern china, and karst water systems discharge in the form of springs that are among the most important sources for local water supply. Since the 1950s, attenuation has been the major trend of discharge variation of most karst springs at Shanxi. Based on the case study of 7 karst springs including Niangziguan, Xin’an, Guozhuang, Shentou, Jinci, Lancun, and Hongshan springs, the discharge variation process of karst springs was divided into natural fluctuation phase and anthropogenic impact phase. Discharge attenuation of the 7 karst springs was controlled mainly by climate and human activities, with their contributions being respectively about 60% and 40%. According to the dif-ference of the effect of climate and human activities for each spring, attenuation modes of spring discharge fall into three types: natural process dominated attenuation type, exploitation induced process dominated attenuation type, and mixed attenuation type. The total restored discharge variation of 7 karst springs matched well with the global air temperature change in 1956―2.00, clearly indicating the trend of global warming and aridity in the last several decades, and the analysis of discharge variation processes of karst springs can be used as a new tool for global change studies.

关键词： karst, Shanxi, spring discharge, attenuation, climate, human activity, global change

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Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science china earth {2. 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3 1 Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, china Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100083. china 2.Department of earth sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3 school of Resource and Information, china university of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49, china Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China school of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13. values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -32.53‰ and -33.37‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13. values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 39.17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

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3D Integrated Geological Modeling in Tongshan Copper Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,china

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 282-283页

作者： Gongwen Wang,Limei Wang,Ge Cui,Chengyin Tan,Shanyan Jin school of earth {2. and resources,china university of geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083.china.

In this paper,3D-GIS reconstruction and interpolation approach,additional virtual borehole technology and BP network technology are used to explore the concealed ore *** virtual borehole has same function as reality b... 详细信息

关键词： 3D geological modeling virtual borehole BP network mineral exploration Tongshan copper deposit

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Electrochemical studies of nickel deposition from aqueous solution in super-gravity field

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2007年第1期50卷 39-50页

作者： GUO ZhanCheng1,2. GONG YingPeng2.& LU WeiChang2.1 Metallurgical & Ecological school, university of Science and Technology, Beijing {2. china 2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, china 1. Metallurgical & Ecological school University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 China 2. Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The effect of super-gravity on electrochemical deposition of nickel from aqueous solution was studied. The SEM pictures show that the microstructure of nickel film deposited under the super-gravity condition is finer and more uniform compared with that obtained in normal gravity condition, and the crystal grains diminish with the increase of super-gravity coefficient. The XRD patterns indicate that the arrangement of crystalline grains of nickel film deposited under the super-gravity field is more regular, and the crystalline grain sizes decrease with the increase of super-gravity coefficient. Toughness, tensile stress and hardness of the nickel film are markedly raised with the increase of super-gravity coefficient, and hydrogen content in the nickel film decreases with the increase of super-gravity coefficient. From the polarization curves of hydrogen evolution reaction under the super-gravity condition, a significant reduction of over-potential on electrode was found when current density increased. The process of hydrogen evolution reaction was enhanced under the super-gravity condition. The electro-deposition rate, the microstructure and properties of deposited nickel film under super-gravity condition were still affected by the relative orientation between inertia force and depositing surface. It is favorable to gain the nickel film with better mechanic properties when inertia force orientates vertically towards depositing surface. Keywords super-gravity - electrochemistry - electro-deposition - nickel film Supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of china (Grant No. 50674011)

关键词： super-gravity electrochemistry electro-deposition nickel film

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Human remains and the environment of Early Pleistocene in the Nihewan Basin

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Science china earth {2. 2004年第5期47卷 437-444页

作者： CAI Baoquan1 & LI Qiang2.1. Department of History, Xiamen university, Fujian 361005, china 2. Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 100044, china Xiamen Univ Dept Hist Fujian 361005 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

A new Early Pleistocene Paleolithic site was found in July 2.01 in the Nihewan Ba-sin, Hebei Province. Totally 500 mammal specimens assigned to 2. species and 5 lithic artifacts were collected. The coexistence of Allophaiomys deucalion, Borsodia chinensis and Yangia tingi provides important evidence of chronology. On the basis of the comparison of mammalian fauna, the date of Paleolithic artifacts is probably earlier than 1.8 MaBP, possibly 2.0 MaBP. This is the earliest evidence of hominid activity found so far in North china. The hominid at that time in the Nihewan Basin lived in an environment of arid grasslands with scattered trees of temperate zone. This discovery is significant to the study of human origin and cultural development.

关键词： human remains, environment, Early Pleistocene, Nihewan.

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The steady-state solution of dendritic growth from the undercooled binary alloy melt with the far field flow

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 2280-2287页

作者： CHEN MingWen1,2. WANG ZiDong2.& XU JianJun2.3,4 1 school of Applied sciences, {2. of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083. china 2.school of Materials Science and Engineering, {2. of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083. china 3 school of Mathematical sciences, Nankai {2., Tianjin 300071, china 4 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill {2., Montreal H3A 2.6, Canada school of Applied sciences University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China school of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China school of Mathematical sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Department of Mathematics and Statistics McGill University Montreal H3A 2K6 Canada

The steady-state dendritic growth from the undercooled binary alloy melt with the far field flow is considered. By neglecting the interface energy, interface kinetics and buoyancy effects in the system, we obtaine the steady-state solution for the case of the large Schmidt number, in terms of the multiple variable expansion method. The changes of the temperature and concentration fields, the morphology of the interface, the normalization parameter and the Peclet number of the system induced by uniform external flow are derived. The results show that, compared with the system of dendritic growth from undercooled pure melt, the convective flow in the system of growth from undercooled binary alloy has stronger effects on the morphology of the interface. Nevertheless, the shape of the interface still remains nearly a paraboloid.

关键词： binary alloy melt convection dendritic growth interfaces steady-state solution multiple variable expansion method

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