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The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2.gas field

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1051-1058页

作者： Gao Zhiqian1,Yu Bingsong2.3.and Lai Xingyun2.3.1.school of Energy {3.,{2. {3. of geosciences,Beijing 100083.{2. 2.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral {3.,{2. {3. of geosciences,Beijing 100083.{2. 3.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Structure,Deep Processes and Exploration Technique,{2. {3. of geosciences,Beijing 100083.{2.) school of Energy resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Structure Deep Processes and Exploration Technique China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks,this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites,dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite's degree of order *** has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater,and that the dolomite's degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time,not controlled by water ***,the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2.gas field in Kuche *** can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites,dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.

关键词： diagenesis equilibrium between calcites and dolomites secondary pores Kela 2.gas field

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Characteristics and origins of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area,Shandong Province,china

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science china {2. sciences 2006年第1期49卷 77-87页

作者： MA Jinlong1,2. TAO Mingxin2.3.& YE Xianren2.1. {3. and Environmental school, Lanzhou {2., Lanzhou 73.000, {3. 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, {3. 3. College of {3. science & Technology, Beijing Normal {2., Beijing 100875, {3. 1. resources and Environmental school Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 3. College of resources science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Fluids and noble gases of mantle-derived materials are important tracers forthe mantle information. Compositions of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived mineralsfrom the Yishu area, Shandong Province, china, were tested by the methods of heat-bursting andheat-melting respectively. The fluids are mainly composed of CO_2. CO and H_2. which account forabout 90% of the total, and are similar to the mantle-derived rocks from other areas of easternchina; ratios of ~3.e/~4He in almost all samples range from 0.82.Ra to 2.74 Ra, whereas^(40)Ar/^(3.)Ar from 2.9.5 to 758.8. Both ranges are much lower than those of the typical oceanmantle-derived samples (such as MORB) and primarily reflect the influences of the atmosphericcomponents and the radiogenic isotopes. Ratios of C/~3.e range from 2..6 x 10~9 to 1050 x 10~9,N_2.Ar from 92. to 56612. and N_2.~3.e from 2.5 x 10~9 to 2. x 10~9, similar to those in westernUnited States and New Zealand which belong to the tectonic plate collision regions. The ratios fallin the intersect of mantle-crust-atmosphere in the comprehensive tracer-charts, reflecting theinfluences of the atmosphere and the crusts with organic components. Our results suggest that thecomposition of the primary fluids and the isotopic ratios of the noble gases may either reflect theevolution process of mantle-derived rocks connected with the rise and eruption of magma, or theinfluence of the ancient subduction-plate on the continental mantle of this region.

关键词： noble gases, primary fluids, mantle-derived minerals, Yishu area.

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Re-Os(ICP-MS)dating of the massive sulfide ores from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit

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science china {2. sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1672-1677页

作者： YANG Gang1,2. DU Andao1, LU Jiren3. QU Wenjun1 & CHEN Jiangfeng2.1. National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 10003., china 2. Laboratory for earth Material Cycling, {2. of earth and Space sciences, university of science and Technology of china, Hefei 2.002., china 3. Institute of mineral Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 10003., china National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing china Laboratory for earth Material Cycling School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of mineral Resource Chinese Academy of Geological sciences Beijing {2.

Massive sulfide ore from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit was dated by Re-Os technique using Carius Tube digestion, Os distillation, Re extraction by acetone and ICP-MS measurement. An isochron giving an age of 83. ± 3. Ma, initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.2.9 ± 0.018 (MSWD = 1.7) and γOs = 13. ± 15 is obtained. The Re-Os age obtained agrees, within analytical uncertainties, with previous SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 82. ± 8 Ma (n=5, MSWD = 4.3.. The result suggests that the deposit was formed at Neoproterozoic and that the formation of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit may be closely related to the plume activity, which were attributed to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The high γOs of the massive ores sug-gests that crustal material was involved in the formation of the Jinchuan deposit, however, the quantity of the added crustal material is less than 10%.

关键词： Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Re-Os dating, ICP-MS.

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Mechanism for calcite dissolution and its contribution to development of reservoir porosity and permeability in the Kela 2.gas field,Tarim Basin,china

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science china {2. sciences 2008年第4期51卷 567-578页

作者： YU BingSong1,3. DONG HailLiang2.3.& RUAN Zhuang1,3.1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources,{2., Beijing 100083. {3. 2.Department of Geology, Miami university,Oxford, OH 45056, USA 3.Geomicrobiology Laboratory,{2., Beijing, 100083. {3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA Geomicrobiology Laboratory China University of Geoscien

This study is undertaken to understand how calcite precipitation and dissolution contributes to depth-related changes in porosity and permeability of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs in the Kela 2.gas field of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern china. Sandstone samples and pore water samples are col-lected from well KL2.1 in the Tarim Basin. Vertical profiles of porosity, permeability, pore water chem-istry, and the relative volume abundance of calcite/dolomite are constructed from 3.00 to 4000 m below the ground surface within major oil and gas reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability values are in-versely correlated with the calcite abundance, indicating that calcite dissolution and precipitation may be controlling porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks. Pore water chemistry exhibits a sys-tematic variation from the Na2.O4 type at the shallow depth (3.00-3.3. m), to the NaHCO3.type at the intermediate depth (3.3.―3.95 m),and to the CaCl2.type at the greater depth (3.2.―3.3. m). The geochemical factors that control the calcite solubility include pH, temperature, pressure, Ca2. concen-tration, the total inorganic carbon concentration (ΣCO2., and the type of pore water. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mass conservation laws are applied to calculate the calcite saturation state as a function of a few key parameters. The model calculation illustrates that the calcite solubility is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of pore water, mainly the concentration difference between the total dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration (i.e., [ΣCO2. -[Ca2.]). In the Na2.O4 water at the shallow depth, this index is close to 0, pore water is near the calcite solubility. Calcite does not dissolve or precipitate in significant quantities. In the NaHCO3.water at the intermedi-ate depth, this index is greater than 0, and pore water is supersaturated with respect to calcite. Massive calcite precipitation was observed at this depth interval and

关键词： calcite dissolution porosity thermodynamic Tarim Basin

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Geochemistry of high-Mg andesites from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, western Liaoning: Implications for lower crustal delamination and Sr/Y variations

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science china {2. sciences 2006年第9期49卷 904-914页

作者： WANG Xiaorui1, GAO Shan1,2. LIU Xiaoming1, YUAN Honglin1, HU Zhaochu1, ZHANG Hong1,3.& WANG Xuance4 1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest university, Xi`an 710069, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and {2. {3., china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 3. Shenyang Institute of Geology and {2. {3., Shenyang 11003.0} china 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 710069 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 3. Shenyang Institute of Geology and mineral resources Shenyang 110032 China 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

85 volcanic rocks of the Yixian Formation from the Sihetun type section werecollected and analyzed for geochemical and isotopic compositions. Major element compositionsindicate that the Sihetun volcanic rocks are high magnesium andesites with some basalts occurring atthe bottom of section. The Sihetun high magnesium andesites (SiO_2.= 52.82.59.3. wt%, Al_2._3.14.15-16.3.wt%) show many characteristics of adakites such as depletion in heavy rare-earth elements(HREE; Yb = 1.03.1.88 μg/g) and Y(12.2. μg/g) and high Sr (62.-13.0} μg/g) and Sr/Y(3.0}88), withhigh La_N/Yb_N ratio (10-2.). They share similar major and trace element characteristics to volcanicrocks from the Xinglonggou Formation except their lower Nd isotope ratios (^(143.Nd/^(144)Nd(13.Ma) = 0.5118-0.5119, ε_(Nd) (13.Ma) = -11.6-13.8, ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr (13. Ma) = *** were interpreted in a way that eclogite that formed at the base of thickened Archean lowercrust of the North china craton foundered into the convecting mantle and subsequently melted andinteracted with peridotite. However, compared to the Xinglonggou volcanic rocks, the source of theSihetun magma contained more ancient continental crustal material in order to explain its evolved Ndisotopes. The age of the Sihetun Formation was 12. to 13. Ma, and this indicates that delaminationlasted to the early Cretaceous period. The Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios of the Sihetun high-Mgandesites show significant negative correlations with SiO_2.for samples with SiO_2.> 56%. Thesesuggest that the Sr and Sr/Y values were reduced due to fractional crystallization of ***, the effect of crystallization on volcanic Sr and Sr/Y ratio has to be taken intoaccount.

关键词： High-Mg andesite, Adakite, Yixian Formation, North china Craton, delamination.

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Zhang-Xuan thermal uplift and its genesis

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 725-732页

作者： SHAO Ji'an1*, NIU Shuyin2. ZHANG Lüqiao3.and LI Hongyang2.1. school of {3. and Space {2.s, Peking {3., Beijing 100871, china 2. Shijiazhuang {3. of Economics, Shijiazhuang 05003., china 3. Geological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot 01002., china) school of earth and Space {2.s Peking University Beijing 100871 China. Shijiazhuang university of Economics Shijiazhuang 050031 China. Geological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Huhhot 010020 China

Based on the researches of the Mesozoic thermal evolution history, the deformed structures, and fission track analysis of the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua area, we obtained the following knowledge: the area experienced in 140 Ma an underplating which is marked by emplacement of mantle derived magma; during 13.—110 Ma a series of eruptions and intrusions happened, and during 80—10 Ma a rising process occurred which is synchronous with the adjacent Taihang and Yanshan Mountains and was accompanied by a series of structures down slipping from the just formed Zhang-Xuan uplift toward its periphery. Combining the Zhang-Xuan thermal lift with the large detachment structure in Baoding depression of the North china Basin in the Late Mesozoic confirms that an even larger extensional tectonic background existed in North china during this period.

关键词： Zhang-Xuan area underplating thermal uplift fission track extensional structure.

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Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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science china {2. sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2. TONG Jinnan3. QIU Haiou4 & ZHAO Laishi3.1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, {3. 2. Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou 450007, {3. 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and {3. resources at china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, {3. 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, {3. 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450007 China 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources at{2. Wuhan 430074 China 4. Faculty of Material sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13. background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13. values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.

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Study on lithogeochemistry of Middle Jurassic basalts from southern china represented by the Fankeng basalts from Yongding of Fujian Province

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science china {2. sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1020-1031页

作者： ZHOU Jincheng1,2. JIANG Shaoyong1,2. WANG Xiaolei1,2. YANG Jinghong 1,2.& ZHANG Mengqun 3.1. State Key Laboratory of mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093. {2. 2. Department of {3. sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093. {2. 3. Modern Analysis Center, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093. {2. 1. State Key Laboratory of mineral Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Department of earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 3. Modern Analysis Center Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

There exists an E-W trending Middle Jurassic volcanic zone in southern china. The Fankeng basalts in the Yongding basin of Fujian Province are considered to be a typical example. The Fankeng basalts have TiO2.contents in the range of 1.92.-3.2.%. They are classified as high-Ti basalts. They also have higher total Fe (averaging FeO* = 11.09%). The Middle Jurassic Fankeng basalts from southwestern Fujian have obvious distinctive lithogeochemical features from early Cre- taceous basalts from southeastern coast of china. They have higher HFSE, such as Th, Nb, Ta, Zr and Ti. Their element ratios related with HFSE, such as Zr/Ba, La/Nb, La/Ta ,Zr/Y, Ti/Y, Ba/Nb, K/Ti and Rb/Zr are similar to those of OIB. The most samples have ε Nd(T) of-0.70-0.2., which are near chondrite. Some samples have higher ε Nd(T) of ***, these basaltic magmas might be derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle. The lithogeochemical characteristics of the Fankeng basalts may be caused by interaction between asthenosphere and lithosphere at the time. The (Early-) Middle Jurassic basalts and gabbros from southeastern Hunan, southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong provinces show similar geochemical features to those of the Fankeng basalts from the Yongding of Fujian. Occurrence of these OIB-type basalts in the area may be regarded as the petrological mark of upwelling of asthenosphere at the time. Upwelling of asthenosphere has led to tectonic extension and the formation of rifted basin in the area.

关键词： interaction between asthenosphere and lithosphere, lithogeochemistry, basalts, Middle Jurassic, southern china.

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Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern china

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science china {2. sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1463-1469页

作者： XIE Shucheng1,HUANG Junhua1,WANG Hongmei2.YI Yi1,HU Chaoyong1, CAI Yanjun3.& CHENG Hai4 1. Faculty of earth science,{2. {3. of geosciences,Wuhan 43.074,{2. 2. school of Environmental Studies,{2. {3. of geosciences,Wuhan 43.074,{2. 3. SKLLQG,Institute of earth Environment,Chinese Academy of sciences,Xi’an 710075,{2. 4. Department of Geology and Geophysics,{3. of Minnesota,MN55455,USA 1. Faculty of earth science China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. school of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 3. SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 710075 Xi’an China 4. Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota 55455 MN USA

Fatty acids extracted from a subtropical stalagmite at Qingjiang in Southern china’s Hubei Province were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These n-alkanoic acids range from C14 to C2. in carbon number, maximizing at C16, with a second dominance at C2.. In contrast to the stalagmite analysed, the overlying soils are characterized by the dominance of heavy-molecular-weight homologues (>C2.). The n-fatty acids in the stalagmite were proposed to be contributed by both the soil ecosystems and the microbes harboring in the percolating water and the cave. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated n-fatty acids (C16:1i/C16:0, C18:1/C18:0) appear to show trends comparable with the oxygen isotope records of the stalagmite carbonate, with enhanced values associated with the cold episode such as Heinrich event 1. This paleoclimate-dependent record of the n-fatty acids might reflect microbial changes in physiology and activity in response to the temperature. This record shows somewhat difference from the previous paleoclimate signal extracted from n-alkanols and n-alkan-2.ones of the same stalagmite. The acid record fails to document the well-known Younger Dryas event which was effectively shown by the latter two biomarkers derived from soil ecosystems. This discrepancy might result from the changing biogeochemical impact on different lipid fractions as well as the varied organism populations in different ecosystems.

关键词： biomarker, ecosystem, microbe, speleothem, paleoclimate, Quaternary.

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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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science china {2. sciences 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： JU Yiwen1,2. WANG Guiliang2. JIANG Bo2.& HOU Quanlin1 1. Graduate {3., Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., {2. 2. College of {3. resources and geosciences, {2. university of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 2.1008, {2. Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Coll Mineral Resources & Geosci Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

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