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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3.1. Department of petroleum Geology, Xi’an petroleum {2., Xi’an 710065, China 2. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, China 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, China Xian Petr Inst Dept Petr Geol Xian 710065 Peoples R China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Tarim Oilfield Co Xinjiang 841000 Peoples R China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen research institute of {2.{3. and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in China and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the exploration and {2. of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2. SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3.1. research institute of {2. {3. and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 2.2.00, China 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of {2. {3. and development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, China 1. research institute of {2.{3. and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan 232000 China 3. Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13.H4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12.H4. This will make 12.H4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13.H4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12.H4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13.H4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12.H4. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12.H4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2.,LIU WenHui 3.,ZHANG DianWei 3.,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 research institute of {2. {3. and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,China 2.Langfang Branch of research institute of {2. {3. and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 3.4} and Production research institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083,China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China petrochina Langfang Branch Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13.C,and the distributive range ofδ13. 1 ,δ13. 2.andδ13. 3.is-3.0}―-3.‰,-2.‰―-2.‰and-2.‰―-2.‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13. CO2.value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3.He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3.He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2. LU Yuanzheng1,2.3.& XU Daoyi4 1. research {3. of {2. {3. and development, beijing 100083, China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina, beijing 100083, China 3. China University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, China 4. {3. of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, {13. 10002., China 1. research institute of {2.{3. and development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. China has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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SEVERAL　CONSIDERATIONS　ON　HYDROCARBON　GENERATION　MECHANISM　AND　EVOLUTION　OF　CARBONATE　ROCKS

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第5期23卷 75-80页

作者： Cheng Keming Wang Zhaoyun(research institute of {2.{3. and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083, China)

ＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＮＨＹＤＲＯＣＡＲＢＯＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＡＮＤＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＡＲＢＯＮＡＴＥＲＯＣＫＳ￥ＣｈｅｎｇＫｅｍｉｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＺｈａｏｙｕｎ（Ｒｅ... 详细信息

ＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＮＨＹＤＲＯＣＡＲＢＯＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＡＮＤＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＡＲＢＯＮＡＴＥＲＯＣＫＳ￥ＣｈｅｎｇＫｅｍｉｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＺｈａｏｙｕｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ...

关键词： Marine factes Oil generation of carbonate rocks Mechanism Evaluation Oil-generatingindex Thermal evolution

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Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2.,ZHANG WenZheng 3.,LI ZhiSheng 2.,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3.002.,China 2.Langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of petroleum {2. and {3.,petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 3.institute of {2. and {3.,petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,China 4 University of petroleum,beijing102.49,China 5 petrochina {12. institute of petroleum {2. and {3.,beijing 100083,China 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in China,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3.of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13. values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13. 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13. 2.andδ13. 3.values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13. 1 >δ13. 2.),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13.values for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12.,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13. 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

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Cracking conditions of crude oil under different geological environments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 77-83页

作者： ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhaoYun,ZHANG ShuiChang&WANG HongJun research institute of {2.{3.&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

There are mainly 3.kinds of existing states of oil generating from source rocks,that is,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon inside of source rock,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock and concentrated liquid hydrocarbon outside of source *** of the differences in thermal history and medium conditions around,and the interaction of organic and inorganic matter,the liquid hydrocarbon with 3.kinds of existing state has different cracking *** gas generation dynamics experiments of crude oil matching different mediums indicate that the distribution of activation energy of methane changes a lot according to medium *** carbonate has a main influence on oil cracking conditions and can largely reduce its activation energy,which reflects the lower cracking temperature of crude *** mudstone takes a second place and the sandstone is the *** catalytic cracking function to the oil of the carbonate,of the mudstone and of the sandstone changes weaken in *** corresponding Ro values of main gas generation period in different mediums are as follows:1.5%―3.8%with pure crude oil,1.2.―3.2.with dispersive crude oil in carbonate,1.3.~3.4% with dispersive crude oil in mudstone and 1.4%―3.6%with dispersive crude oil in *** influence of pressure to crude oil cracking is relatively *** the low heating speed condition, pressure restrains the oil cracking and gas generation,but in the high heating speed condition,pressure has an indistinctive influence to the oil cracking and gas *** also makes a different effort in different evolvement *** the middle and lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin as an example,primary oil generating quantity is 2.3.0}2.×10 8 t,residual oil and oil cracking gas quantity is 806.2.×10 8 t and 106.95×10 12.m 3.respectively.

关键词： different existing state oil cracking condition gas source rock kitchen of oil cracking type

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Detection of water in petroleum inclusions and its implications

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Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1501-1507页

作者： CAO Jian1, YAO Suping1, HU Wenxuan1, ZHANG Yijie2. WANG Xulong3. ZHANG Yueqian3.& TANG Yong3.1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. China 2. research {2. of {3. and development, petrochina, Bei- jing 100083, China 3. research {2. of {3. and development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, petrochina, Karamay 83.000, China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China research institute of {2. and{3. PetroChina Beijing 100083 China research institute of {2. and{3. Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay 834000 China

FTIR spectra of inclusions sampled from fault-zone reservoirs of the northwestern Junggar Basin show that water, with different abundances, does exist in petroleum inclusions. It is thus implied that petroleum inclusions can seldom form without water. Different inclusions hosted in one single grain, and formed in one oil charging phase, have a largely varied ratio of water to oil and slightly changed CH3.CH2.ratio. This likely provides evidence for fault-related episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.

关键词： water in petroleum inclusions forming mechanism of inclusions episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons FTIR microspectroscopy Junggar Basin.

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Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,Tarim Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 84-95页

作者： WANG ZhaoMing 1 ,WANG QingHua 1 ,ZHAO MengJun 2.,LI Yong 1 &XU ZhiMing 3.1 Tarim Oilfield Company,petrochina,Kuerle 841000,China 2.{3. {2. of {3. exploration&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,China 3.Southwest {3. {2.,Nanchong 63.001,China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China petrochina Tarim Oilfield Co Kuerle 841000 Peoples R China SW Petr Inst Nanchong 637001 Peoples R China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried *** gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source *** is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3.and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked *** gas is rich in H2. and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of *** accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.

关键词： gas characteristics gas genesis accumulation history Hetianhe gasfield Tarim Basin

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