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Study on NDVI-T_s space by combining LAI and evapotranspiration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 747-754页

作者： HAN Lijuan1,2.3. WANG Pengxin4, YANG Hua1,2.3. LIU Shaomin1,2.3.& WANG Jindi1,2.3.1. research center for {2. {3. and gis, School of geography, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, China 2. State Key Laboratory of {2. {3. Science, beijing 100875, China 3. beijing Key Laboratory for {2. {3. of Environment and Digital Cities, beijing 100875, China 4. department of Information Management, College of Information and Electronic Engineering, China Agricultural university, beijing 100083. China 1. research center for {2. {3. and gis School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science Beijing 100875 China 3. beijing Key Laboratory for remote {2. of Environment and Digital Cities Beijing 100875 China 4. department of Information Management College of Information and Electronic Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and Ts, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Tempera-ture-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and Ts are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models.

关键词： NDVI, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, leave area index.

Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02.data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 145-160页

作者： XIN Xiaozhou1,2. LIU Qinhuo1, TANG Yong1,3. TIAN Guoliang1, GU Xingfa1, LI Xiaowen1,2. ZHENG Hongsheng4 & CHEN Jiayi4 1. State Key Laboratory of remote {3. Science, Institute of remote {3. Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. research center for remote sensing and gis, department of geography, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, China 3. Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 4. {13. of Atmospheric Physics, Peking university, beijing 100871, China 1. State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Department of Geography Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China4. Department of Atmospheric Physics Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Spatial scale error is one of the most serious problems in the estimates of land surface heat fluxes of sensible and latent from satellite-borne data such as MODIS 1km resolution reflectance and emissive data. One of the feasible and economic ways to decrease the spatial scale error is to use high resolution land use class data together with the MODIS data. CBERS-02.data were used to produce land use class of Baiyangdian area, Hebei Province, China in the autumn of 2.04. The area ratio of each class in MODIS pixel was calculated, and used to derive the heat fluxes of the mixed pixel. The results showed that the estimated heat fluxes of soil, sensible and latent have been changed remarkably after using the high resolution land class data. It could be concluded from the comparison between simulated and ground-measured fluxes as well as the theoretical analysis that high resolution land class data are useful to diminishing the scale error of heat fluxes estimated from low resolution satellite data.

关键词： surface evapotranspiration spatial scale error MODIS CBERS land class.

Integrative inversion of land surface component temperature

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2011-2019页

作者： FAN Wenjie1 & XU Xiru1,2.1. Institute of remote sensing and Geographical Information System, Peking {2., {3. 100871, China 2. center of remote sensing and gis of beijing normal university, beijing 100875, China 1. Institute of remote sensing and Geographical Information System Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. center of remote {2. and gis of{3. 100875 Beijing China

In this paper, the row winter wheat was selected as the example to study the com-ponent temperature inversion method of land surface target in detail. The result showed that the structural pattern of row crop can affect the inversion precision of component temperature evi-dently. Choosing appropriate structural pattern of row crop can improve the inversion precision significantly. The iterative method combining inverse matrix was a stable method that was fit for inversing component temperature of land surface target. The result of simulation and field ex-periment showed that the integrative method could remarkably improve the inversion accuracy of the lighted soil surface temperature and the top layer canopy temperature, and enhance inver-sion stability of components temperature. Just two parameters were sufficient for accurate at-mospheric correction of multi-angle and multi-spectral thermal infrared data: atmospheric trans-mittance and the atmospheric upwelling radiance. If the atmospheric parameters and component temperature can be inversed synchronously, the really and truly accurate atmospheric correction can be achieved. The validation using ATSRII data showed that the method was useful.

关键词： components temperature, inverse pattern, atmospheric correction

The correlation of multi-angle thermal infrared data and the choice of optimal view angles

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第6期47卷 570-576页

作者： FAN Wenjie1 & XU Xiru1,2.1.Institute of remote sensing and {2. of Peking university,{3. 100871,China 2.center of remote sensing and {2. of beijing normal university,{3. {13.,China 1. Institute of remote sensing and {2. of Peking {3. 100871 Beijing China 2. center of remote {2. and gis of{3. 100875 Beijing China

Based on the matrix formula of thermal infrared radiant system, the components temperature can be retrieved by the inversive matrix. Around the stability problem of retrieved result, the research work we did was focused on (i) the correlation of (wk,j) which is the key to affect the retrieval accuracy, (ii) a general method which can help us find the number of retrievable parameters and evaluate the retrieval error before its performance, (iii) the choice of “optimal viewing angle group” based on the formula of absolute error propagation. The row winter wheat field was chosen as an example. The results can provide a theoretical basis for multi-angle thermal infrared remote {2. and components temperature retrieval.

关键词： components temperature retrieval, correlation, number of retrievable parameters, optimal viewing angle group.

Principle and application of three-band gradient difference vegetation index

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第2期48卷 241-249页

作者： TANG Shihao, ZHU Qijiang, WANG Jindi, ZHOU Yuyu & ZHAO Feng research center for {2. {3. and gis, department of geography, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, China National Satellite Meteorological center, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China 1. research center for {2. {3. and gis Department of Geography Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. National Satellite Meteorological center China Meteorological Administration 100081 Beijing China

Vegetation index is a simple, effective and experiential measurement of terrestrial vegetation activity, and plays a very important role in qualitative and quantitative remote sensing. Aiming at shortages of current vegetation indices, and starting from the analysis of vegetation spectral characteristics, we put forward a new vegetation index, the three-band gradient difference vegetation index (TGDVI), and established algorithms to inverse crown cover fraction and leaf area index (LAI) from it. Theoretical analysis and model simulation show that TGDVI has high saturation point and the ability to remove the influence of background to some degree, and the explicit functional relation with crown cover fraction and LAI can be established. Moreover, study shows that TGDVI also has the ability to partly remove the influence of thin cloud. Experiment in the Shunyi District, {2., China shows that reasonable result can be reached using the vegetation index to retrieve LAI. We also theoretically analyzed the reason why the {3.ized difference vegetation index (NDVI) owns the low saturation point, and show that it is determined by the definition of NDVI and the characteristic of vegetation spectra, and is unavoidable to some degree. Meanwhile, through model simulation, we also indicate that the relationship between simple ratio vegetation index (SR) and LAI closes to a piecewise linear one instead of a linear one, which is mainly caused by the influence of background and different change rates of reflectance in red and infrared bands with LAI increasing.

关键词： vegetation index, remote sensing, LAI, crown cover fraction, remote sensing inversion.

Automatic generalization of metro maps based on dynamic segmentation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 158-165页

作者： DONG WeiHua 1,TIAN Yuan 2.& ZHANG Yi 2.1 Institute of geography and {3. {2.,{3. normal university,{3. 100875,China 2.Institute of {3. {2. and Geographic Information System,Peking university,{3. 100871,China 1. Institute of geography and remote {2. Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. Institute of remote sensing and Geographic Information System Peking University Beijing 100871 China

A metro map is usually optimized for the readability of connections and transportation networks *** order to assure good readability and meet aesthetic considerations,a set of principles for good metro map layout are *** to these principles,a new methodology based on dynamic segmentation is presented to produce the metro maps ***,routes are constructed according to the line attribute similarity and geometry *** a set of cartographic generalization methods about the shape,angle,length,and topology are presented for these *** method is validated by beijing metro plan *** the experiment results,it can be concluded that this new method is more effective than the static segmentation method to produce metro maps with better readability for route plans.

关键词： metro maps generalization dynamic segmentation visualization

Retrieving crop leaf area index by assimilation of MODIS data into a crop growth model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 721-730页

作者： WANG DongWei1,2.3. WANG JinDi1,2.& LIANG ShunLin4 1 State Key Laboratory of remote {3. Science, Jointly Sponsored by{2. and Institute of remote {3. Applications, CAS, beijing 100875, China 2.School of geography, beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental remote {3. and Digital City,{2., beijing 100875, China 3.Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission, Tianjin 3.0170, China 4{12., university of Maryland, College Park, MD 2.742. USA 1. State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications CAS Beijing 100875 China2. School of Geography Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China3. Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission Tianjin 300170 China4. Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter in monitoring crop growth. One of the methods for retrieving LAI from remotely sensed observations is through inversion of canopy reflectance models. Many model inversion methods fail to account for variable LAI values at different crop growth stages. In this research, we use the crop growth model to describe the LAI changes with crop growth, and consider a priori LAI values at different crop growth stages as constraint information. The key approach of this research is to assimilate multiple canopy reflectance values observed at different growth stages and a priori LAI values into a coupled crop growth and radiative transfer model sequentially using a variational data assimilation algorithm. Adjoint method is used to minimize the cost function. Any other information source can be easily incorporated into the inversion cost function. The validation results show that the time series of MODIS canopy reflectance can greatly reduce the uncertainty of the inverted LAI values. Compared with MODIS LAI product at Changping and Shunyi Counties of {3., this method has significantly improved the estimated LAI temporal profile.

关键词： inversion leaf area index crop growth model time series MODIS

Synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 176-187页

作者： BAO YunFei1,2,CAO ChunXiang1,ZHANG Hao1,CHEN ErXue3.HE QiSheng1,2,HUANG HuaBing1,LI ZengYuan3.LI XiaoWen1,4 & GONG Peng1 1 State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science,jointly sponsored by the Institute for remote sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing normal university,beijing 100101,China 2 Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,China 3.Institute of Forest Resource Information Technique,the Chinese Academy of Forestry,beijing 100091,China 4 research center for remote sensing and {13.,department of geography and beijing Key Laboratory for remote sensing of Environment and Digital Sites,beijing normal university,beijing {23.,China State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science jointly sponsored by the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Forest Resource Information Technique the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China research center for {2. {3. and gis Department of Geography and Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Sites Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

We proposed a method to separate ground points and vegetation points from discrete return,small footprint airborne laser scanner data,called skewness change *** method,which makes use of intensity of laser scanner data,is especially applicable in steep,and forested *** does not take slope of forested area into account,while other algorithms consider the change of slope in steep forested *** ground points and vegetation points can be used to estimate digital terrain model(DTM) and fractional vegetation cover,respectively.A few vegetation points which were classified into the ground points were removed as noise before the generation of *** method was tested in a test area of 10000 square meters.A LiteMapper -5600 laser system was used and a flight was carried out over a ground of 700―800 *** this tested area,a total number of 1546 field measurement ground points were measured with a total station TOPCON GTS-602.and TOPCON GTS -7002.for validation of DTM and the mean error value is -18.5 cm and the RMSE(root mean square error) is ±2..9 cm.A data trap sizes of 4m in diameter from airborne laser scanner data was selected to compute vegetation fraction *** of fractional vegetation cover was carried out using 15 hemispherical photographs,which are georeferenced to centimeter accuracy by differential *** gap fraction was computed over a range of zenith angles 10° using the gap light analyzer(GLA) from each hemispherical *** R2.for the regression of fractional vegetation cover from these ALS data and the respective field measurements is *** this study presents a method for synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data.

关键词： LIDAR intensity skewness synchronous DTM fractional vegetation cover

Principle of small target detection for hyperspectral imagery

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1225-1231页

作者： GENG XiuRui1,2.3.& ZHAO YongChao2.3.4 1 research {3. for {2. {3. and gis, department of geography, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, China 2.State Key Laboratory of {2. {3. Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {13. 100101, China 3.Institute of Erectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {13. 100080, China 4 {3. for for Assessment and Monitoring of Forest and Environmental Resources and Division of Ecosystem Sciences university of California Berkeley, CA 9472.-3.14, USA 1. research center for {2. {3. and gis Department of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. State Key Laboratory of remote sensing Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. Institute of Erectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 4. center for for Assessment and Monitoring of Forest and Environmental Resources and Division of Ecosystem Sciences University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3114 USA

This paper generalizes the progress of algorithms in small target detection for hyperspectral imaging, and finds that whitening the image is the key point of many methods in small target detection. An al-gorithm is presented to detect desired targets by converting large targets into small ones based on the weighted sample autocorrelation matrix.

关键词： hyperspectral whiten target detection