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The strong winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第2期8卷 217-221页

作者： Gao Shiying Wang Jinshu national research {2. for marine Environment forecasts, state oceanic administration beijing, china national research {2. for marine environmental forecasts State Oceanic Administration Beijing China. China

The relationship between meridional wind in mid - latitudes of East Asia and SST in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific is analysed in this paper. It is pointed out that there exist close relations between the seasonal changes of the meridional wind in mid - latitudes of East Asia and SST in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific. The intensification of north winds over East Asia also plays an important role in the rise of SST in Equatorial Eastern Pacific one year later. The strong winter monsoon usually occurs in previous winter of El Nino and it causes low temperature to a great extent in china . The low temperature in china can be regarded as a precursor of El Nino.

关键词： The strong winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino Asia El

Antarctic sea ice and ENSO event

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 549-561页

作者： Hao Chunjiang, Zhang Lin, Xue Zhenhe and Xie Simei national research {2. for marine Environment forecasts, state oceanic administration, beijing 100081, china national research {2. for marine Environment forecasts State Oceanic Administration Beijing 10081 China. China

The characteristic low-frequency oscillation of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) of ENSO related regions, Nino 1 + 2. Nino 3, Nino 4 and Nino West, and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is analyzed with the method of maximum entropy spectrum. Antarctic sea ice is divided into 4 regions, i. e. East Antarctic is Region Ⅰ (0°-12.° E), the region dominated by Ross Sea ice is Region Ⅱ (12.° E-12.° W), the region dominated by Ross Sea ice is Region Ⅲ (12.° W-0°), and the whole Antarctic sea ice area is Region Ⅳ. Also, the month-to-month correlation series of the sea ice with ENSO from contemporary to 5-years lag is calculated. The optimum correlation period is selected from the series. The characteristics and the rules obtained are as follows.1. There are a common 4-years main period of the SSTA of Ninos 1 + 2.3 and 4, a rather strong 4-years secondary period and a quasi-8-years main period of that of Nino West. There are also 1. 5 and 2.to 3-years secondary periods of that of all 4 Nino regions.2. As another indicator of El Nino, the SOI represents the feature of the atmosphere in low latitude area, having a quasi-5-years main period; it also has secondary periods, 1, 1. 5 and 2.to 3 years, among them, the 2.to 3-years one is prominent.3. There is a close relationship between Antarctic sea ice and ENSO event. In the long-range correlation from contemporary up to 60 months of the SSTA in Ninos 1 + 2.3 and 4 and Antarctic sea ice area index, or the time series of 16 correlation coefficients made of each one of the 4 sea ice regions with that of the 4 Nino regions, there is a prominent common characteristic that all correlations are negative from contemporary to 34-months lag of the SSTA of the 4 Nino regions behind Antarctic sea ice, the optimum correlation periods with the confidences equal to or more than 5 % , 1 % lagging in 13-19, 2.-34 month are the most. The correlations of sea ice in Regions Ⅱ , Ⅲ and W with the SSTA of Ninos 3 and 4 are the strongest.

关键词： Nino Antarctic sea ice and ENSO event SSTA ENSO

The　concentration　of　total　dissolved　CO_2.in　surface　water　in　ENSO　event──The　results　of　investigation　during　TOGA　expeditions

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1995年第2期14卷 208-224页

作者： Ma Liming Zhang Bin and Qiao Ran (national research {2. for marine environmental forecasts, state oceanic administration, beijing 100081, china)

The observations of total dissolved CO2.(TCO2. in surface water on the range from 115°E to 165°E,from 10°S to 2.°N from Dec. 1986 to Jun. 1990, present following results: There was distinguished difference of distribution of TCO2.between during El Nino and La Nina, especially on east of 155° E and equator. During El Nino TCO2.was the lowest (TCO2. 1 900 μmol/kg) in seven cruises and proportional to salinity, the dominant effect of current was from North Equatorial Current (NEC). During La Nina the value of TCO2.became the highest (TCO2.>1 900 μmol/kg) in range of Equatorial Upwelling, the dominant effect was from South Equatorial Current. The effect of air-sea exchange and biological activity increased. The types of distribution and interannual variations of TCO2.in 110 single stations and 2. small areas, the characteristics of relationship among TCO2. PCO2. S, SST during El Nino and La Nina are discussed in this *** above results it is clear that TCO2.is a useful observational quantity, which reflects the alteration of atmosphere-sea system and the change of surface currents, air-sea exchange and biological activity caused by this alteration.

关键词： ENSO event investigation

Model calculation of air-sea heat fluxes over ocean area near china with GEOS DAS system

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1999年第3期18卷 401-411页

作者：周明煜钱粉兰 Natl. Mar. Environ. Forecast. center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

The sensible and latent heat fluxes over the ocean area near china were calculated and analyzed by usingthe Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) - four-dimensional Data Assimilation System (DAS). The calculated results showed that the sensible heat flux had its large value in winter and autumn , small value in spring and summer overthe ocean area near china. In winter, the sensible heat flux increased distinctly with latitude, and its isolines were verycrowded. Over the ocean area east of Taiwan Province and south of Japan, the direction of isoline was from southwestto northeast. In the South china Sea the sensible heat flux was lower than that of surrounding ocean areas,and its isoline was distributed into a type of an inverted trough. In autumn and winter, the maximum center of latent heat flux appeared over the ocean area northeast of Taiwan Province and south and southeast of Japan, meanwhile, the isoline wasin the direction of southwest to northeast. In spring and summer, the latent heat flux had minimum value in the Huanghai Sea. At the same time, the maximum value center of latent heat flux appeared over the ocean area south of Japan inspring.

关键词： GEOS DAS system the ocean area near china sensible heat flux latent heat flux

The numerical simulation of Pacific Ocean circulation with five-level model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第3期12卷 395-404页

作者： Xing Runan and Chao Jiping beijing Meteorological College, beijing 100081{2. national research center for marine environmental forecasts, beijing 100081,{2.

A five-level oceanic primitive equation model has been developed. This model is integrated numerically with annual mean wind stress and heat flux at sea surface for 30 a. The ocean circulations tend to quasi-stability. The simulated results show that the computed annual mean currents and sea surface temperature agree well with the observations.

关键词： heat The numerical simulation of Pacific Ocean circulation with five-level model

Multitime scale variations of sea surface temperature in the china seas based on the HadISST dataset

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第4期30卷 14-23页

作者： JIN Qihua WANG Hui Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China national marine {2. Forecasting center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

The variability of the sea surface temperature（SST） in the china seas has been studied in seasonal,interannual and interdecadal scales based on the monthly data of HadISST spanning from 1870 to 2.07. The main results obtained are SST in the china offshore changes most actively at the seasonal scale with the intensity diminishing from north to south,as the temperature differences between summer and winter reaching 17 and 4 C in the northern and southern areas,respectively. Moreover,seasonal variation near the coastal regions seems relatively stronger than that far from the coastline;significant interannual variations are detected,with the largest positive anomaly occurring in 1998 in the overall area. But as far as different domains are concerned,there exists great diversity,and the difference is also found between winter and summer. Differed from the seasonal variations,where the strongest interannual variability takes place,resides to the south of that of the seasonal ones in the northern section,nevertheless in the South china Sea,the most significant interannual variability is found in the deep basin;interdecadal changes of summer,winter and annual mean SST in different domains likewise present various features. In addition,a common dominant warming in recent 2. a are found in the overall china offshore with the strongest center located in the vicinity of the Changjiang Estuary in the East china Sea,which intensifies as high as 1.3 C during the past 130 a.

关键词： china seas sea surface temperature multitime scale variations

Wave decomposition phenomenon and spectrum evolution over submerged bars

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第3期28卷 82-92页

作者： LI Benxia YU Xiping national marine {2. Forecasting center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Wave decomposition phenomenon and spectrum evolution over submerged bars are investigated by a previously developed numerical model. First, the computed free surface displacements of regular waves at various locations are compared with the available experimental data to confirm the validity of the numerical model, and satisfactory agreements are obtained. In addition, variations of decomposition characteristics with incident wave parameters and the change of energy spectrum for regular waves are also studied. Then the spectrum evolution of irregular waves over submerged bars, as well as the influence of incident peak wave period and the steepness of the front slope of the bar on spectrum evolution, is investigated. Wave decomposition and spectral shape are found to be significantly influenced by the incident wave conditions. When the upslope of the bar becomes 1：2. the length of the slope becomes shorter and will not benefit the generation of high frequency energy, so spectrum evolution is not significant.

关键词： wave decomposition spectrum evolution nonlinear waves irregular waves submerged bars

Three-dimensional calculations of the currents in the Huanghai Sea and East china Sea during June of 1999

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第3期22卷 333-349页

作者： Huiqun Wang, Yaochu Yuan, Yonggang Liu, Mingyu Zhou Second Institute of Oceanography, state oceanic administration, Hangzhou 310012. china. E-mail: wanghq@sio. zj. edu.cnKey Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography of state oceanic administration, Hangzhou 310012. chinanational center for marine environmental forecasts, beijing 100081, china Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Key Lab. of Ocean Dynamic Processes Hangzhou 310012 China Natl. Ctr. Mar. Environ. forecasts Beijing 100081 China

Based on the wind and hydrographic data obtained by R/V Xiangyanghong 14 during June of 1999, the currents in the Huanghai Sea and East china Sea are computed by the three dimensional non-linear diagnostic, semidiagnostic models and prognostic in the a coordinate. The computed results show that the density and velocity fields and so on have been adjusted when time is about 3 days, namely the solution of semidiagnostic calculation is obtained. In the northwest part of the computed region, the Huanghai coastal current flows southeastward, and then it flows out the computed region south of Cheju Island. In the west side of the southern part of the computed region, there is other current, which is mainly inshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current, and it flows cyclonically and turns to the northeast. In the region north of the above two currents, there is a cyclonic eddy southwest of Cheju Island, and it has characteristics of high density and low temperature. There is an offshore branch of Taiwan Warm Current in the west side of the Kuroshio, and it makes a cyclonic meander, then flows northeastward. The Kuroshio in the East china Sea is stronger, and flows northeastward. Its maximum horizontal velocity is 108.5 cm/s at the sea surface, which is located at the northern boundary, and it is 106.1 cm/s at 30 m level, 102.2.cm/s at 75 m level and 85.1 cm/s at 2.0 m level, respectively, which are all located at the southern boundary. Comparing the results of diagnostic calculation with those of semidiagnostic and prognostic calculations indicates that the horizontal velocity field agrees qualitatively, and there is a little difference between them in quantity. The comparison between the computed velocities and the observed velocities at the mooring station show that they agree each other.

关键词： non-linear diagnostic and semidiagnostic and prognostic models currents in the East china and Huanghai Seas

Ocean color products retrieval and validation around china coast with MODIS

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 21-27页

作者： SUN Lingt GUO Maohua WANG Xiaomei Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration （LRCVES/CMA） National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China national Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

Waters along china coast are very turbid with high concentrations of suspended sediment nearly all the time,especially at the Hangzhou Bay,the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the shoal along Jiangsu *** these turbid and optically complex waters,the standard MODIS ocean color products tend to have invalid *** the water-leaving radiances in the near-infrared （NIR） are significant resulting from the strong scattering of suspended particles,the standard MODIS atmospheric correction algorithm often gets no results or produces significant *** because of the complex water optical properties,the OC3 model used in the standard MODIS data processing tends to get extremely high chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） *** this paper,we present an atmospheric correction approach using MODIS short wave infrared （SWIR） bands based on the fact that water-leaving radiances are negligible in the SWIR region because of the extreme strong absorption of water even in turbid waters.A regional Chl-a concentration estimation model is also constructed for MODIS from in situ *** algorithms are applied to MODIS Aqua data processing in the china coastal *** situ data collected in the Yellow Sea and the East china Sea in spring and autumn,2.03 are used to validate the *** good results have been *** is noted that water-leaving reflectance in the NIR bands are significant in waters along the china coast with high sediment *** satellite derived and in-situ reflectance spectra can match in the turbid waters along china coast,and there is relatively good linear relationship between satellite derived and in-situ *** RMSE value of Rrs（λ） is 0.0031 sr ？1 for all the nine ocean color bands （412.to 869 nm）.The satellite-derived Chl-a value is in the reasonable range and the root mean square percentage difference is 46.1%.

关键词： ocean color atmospheric correction chlorophyll-a MODIS china coastal region validation