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Air-sea heat flux exchange over the South china Sea under different weather conditions before and after southwest monsoon onset in 2.00

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第3期22卷 369-383页

作者： Junyue Yan, Huadong Yao, Jianglong Li, Zhiyi Tang, Guorong Jiang, Wenyu Sha, Xunqiang Li, Yiguo Xiao national climate {2., beijing 100081, china. E-mail: yanjy@cma.gov.cnPLA University of Science Technology, Nanjing 2.1101, china Natl climate Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China PLA Univ Sci Technol Nanjing 211101 Peoples R China

With the data observed from the Second SCS Air-Sea Flux Experiment on the Xisha air-sea flux research tower, the radiation budget, latent, sensible heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budgets were caculated before and after summer monsoon onset. It is discovered that, after summer monsoon onset, there are considerable changes in air-sea fluxes, especially in latent heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budget. Furthermore, the analyzed results of five synoptic stages are compared. And the characteristics of the flux transfer during different stages around onset of South china Sea monsoon are discussed. The flux change shows that there is an oceanic heat accumulating process during the pre-onset and the break period, as same as oceanic heat losing process during the onset period. Moreover, latent fluxes, the water vapor moving to the continent, even the rainfall appearance in Chinese Mainland also can be influenced by southwester. Comparing Xisha fluxes with those obtained from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, their differences may be observed. It is the reason why SSTs can keep stable over the South china Sea while they decrease quickly over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal after monsoon onset.

关键词： South china Sea air-sea heat fluxes South china Sea monsoon

climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2.& PAN FeiFei3 1 national Meteorological center,{2. 100081,china 2.Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute,Xining 810001,china 3 Department of Geography,University of North Texas,Denton,TX 762.3,USA 1. national Meteorological center Beijing 100081 China2. Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute Xining 810001 China3. Department of Geography University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA

climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2.07,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982.to 2.06,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2.07 at rates of 0.2.°C/10 yr,2.32.mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.30°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.38 mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2.h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982.to 2.06 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2.06 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

Prediction model for spring dust weather frequency in North china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第5期51卷 709-720页

作者： LANG XianMei center for Disastrous climate Research and Prediction, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., china center for Disastrous climate Research and Prediction Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

It is of great social and scientific importance and also very difficult to make reliable prediction for dust weather frequency (DWF) in North china. In this paper, the correlation between spring DWF in beijing and Tianjin observation stations, taken as examples in North china, and seasonally averaged surface air temperature, precipitation, Arctic Oscillation, Antarctic Oscillation, South Oscillation, near surface meridional wind and Eurasian westerly index is respectively calculated so as to construct a prediction model for spring DWF in North china by using these climatic factors. Two prediction models, i.e. model-I and model-II, are then set up respectively based on observed climate data and the 32.year (1970 -2.01) extra-seasonal hindcast experiment data as reproduced by the nine-level Atmospheric General Circulation Model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP9L-AGCM). It is indicated that the correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted DWF reaches 0.933 in the model-I, suggesting a high prediction skill one season ahead. The corresponding value is high up to 0.948 for the subsequent model-II, which involves synchronous spring climate data reproduced by the IAP9L-AGCM relative to the model-I. The model-II can not only make more precise prediction but also can bring forward the lead time of real-time prediction from the model-I’s one season to half year. At last, the real-time predictability of the two models is evaluated. It follows that both the models display high prediction skill for both the interannual variation and linear trend of spring DWF in North china, and each is also featured by different advantages. As for the model-II, the prediction skill is much higher than that of original approach by use of the IAP9L-AGCM alone. Therefore, the prediction idea put forward here should be popularized in other regions in china where dust weather occurs frequently.

关键词： spring dust weather frequency prediction model iap9l-agcm hindcast experiment real-time prediction

A　numerical　experiment　for　the　simulating　effects　of　Kuwait　oil　fire　and　volcanoes　in　Philippines　and　Japan　on　the　general　circulation　and　climate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1994年第2期6卷 189-199页

作者： Wang Jian(beijing Meteorological College, beijing 100081,{2.)Zhao Zongci(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Scienes, beijing 100081,{2.)Sun Churong(national Meteorological center, beijing 100081,{2.)

With an AGCM/ mixed-layer ocean model, a numerical experiment to investigate the ef-fects of Kuwait oil fire and volcanoes in Philippines and Japan on atmospheric general cireulationand climate is camed out. It is shown from the simulation that the effect of smoke on climate issignificant near the smoke sources, and quite weak-and-indirect in the distant areas. In the experi-ment, it is not found that the smoke had a significant effect on SST anomialy along the tropicaloceans and flood in Yangtze-Huaihe river's basin of{2. in the spring and summer of 1991.

关键词： prediction, smoke sensitive experiment (SE) control experiment (CE).

Three-year changes of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semiarid area

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第8期53卷 1246-1254页

作者： LIU HuiZhi1↑, TU Gang2.3 & DONG WenJie4 1 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 2.Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asia Monsoon, china Meteorological Administration, Changchun 130062. china 3 Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062. china 4 national climate center, beijing 100081, china State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asia Monsoon China Meteorological Administration Changchun China Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province Changchun China national climate {2. Beijing China

Diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces at a semiarid area of Tognyu have been investigated based on the continuous three years observational data from 2.03 to 2.05. The changes of surface albedo with solar elevation angle and soil moisture have been discussed also. It has been found that surface albedo has almost the same diurnal and seasonal variations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in the semiarid area, while sur- face albedo is large in winter and small in summer. The diurnal variation of the surface albedo has re- lationship with the weather condition. The diurnal cycle of the surface albedo likes the "U" shape curve in sunny day, while it is low-high after the rain, and high-low after the snow. The surface albedo has large variation in cloudy day, while it has no any variation in overcast day. The large difference of the surface albedo can be 0.04 in winter between two land surfaces, because the snow has large effects on the surface albedo in winter. The rainfall is an important factor in summer on the surface albedo, while the difference of the surface albedo is 0.01 only between two land surfaces. The differences of the surface albedo can also be 0.04 in autumn due to vegetation growing. The seasonal-average surface albeo from 2.03―2.05 is 0.2., 0.2., 0.2., 0.32.respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the degraded grassland surface,while it is 0.2., 0.2., 0.2., 0.33 respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the cropland surface. The surface albedo becomes smaller with the increase of solar elevation angle. When the solar elevation angle is greater than 40°, the surface albedo changes very little and tends to be a constant. The surface albedo has negative exponent functions with soil moisture in the growing season.

关键词：半干旱地区表面反照率土壤湿度草地退化

Precipitation Forecast Experiments With a Coupled Air-sea Model in West china

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Precipitation Forecast Experiments With a Coupled Air-sea Mo...

Some evidence of drying trend over northern china from 1951 to 2.04

第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会

作者： Zhao Qigeng national climate {2., beijing 100081, china

To provide seasonal precipitation prediction in china a coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been developed in china {2. climate center. It is consisted of Indian-Pacific ocean model (IPOM) and global atmosphere model (T63CC). IPOM covered Indian Ocean and Pacific (2.E-70W, 35S-60N). Its horizontal resolution is 1/3°～1.0°by 1.5°. There are 31 levels in vertical, 2. levels above 400m. T63CC includes 16 vertical levels.

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第23期51卷 2913-2925页

作者： MA Zhuguo1,2.& FU Congbin1,2.1. Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.,{2. 2. START Regional center for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmos-pheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.,{2. Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China START Regional center for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over china were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern china in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern china was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest china and the central part of North china since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2. During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest china and the central part of North china in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast china, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern china, the western part of Northwest china is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest china, the central part of North china and Northeast china since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.

关键词：中国北方干燥趋向干旱索引气候背景

Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 569-575页

作者： Dai Xingang , Li Weijing , Ma Zhuguo and Wang Ping (Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002.,{2. Laboratory for climate Change, Chinese Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081,{2.) [a]Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Laboratory for climate Change Chinese Meteorological Administration Beijing China

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 2. years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2.00. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.

关键词： global warming water-vapor source water-vapor transport precipitable water Xinjiang climate inter-decadal change.

IMPACT OF SUMMER MONSOON'S ANNUAL VARIATION IN EAST ASIA ON DROUGHT-FLOOD DISASTERSAND WATER RESOURCES IN china

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 1996年第4期 156-162页

作者： Zhang Qing and Zhang Aiqun(national climate {2.,beijing 100081)

This paper is based on the precipitation of a period of ten days in 336stations which are divided into seven areas of china from 1951 to 1995. We analysed drought and flood facts in the active period of summer monsoon... 详细信息

关键词： EAST ASIA IMPACT OF SUMMER MONSOON’S ANNUAL VARIATION IN EAST ASIA ON DROUGHT