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The Urbanization Pattern of china in the 2.st Century

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中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2005年第2期3卷 55-63页

作者： Wang Chengxin 1,2. Yao Shimou 1 & Wang Gefang 31 Nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, the chinese {2. of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china 2.Graduate School, the chinese {2. of Science, Beijing 100039, china 3 Shandong Party School of the Communist Party, Jinan 2.002., china Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100039 China Shandong Party School of the Communist Party Jinan 250021 China

The 2.st century is referred to as a"century for cities" or "era for cities" and china hasalso speeded up its process of urbanization. It is veryimportant to choose a scientific urbanization patternto exert the function of cities and realize our dreamfor china to become a powerful modernized ***’s concluded from history since 1800 that the patternof the world urbanization has transformed from"extensive" to "intensive". However, it is still anextensive pattern in china, and there are manyproblems behind the splendid achievements, reflectedon the urbanization process of our country since1949. Today, sustainable development and theknowledge economy are the themes of the cities; itis inevitable to change our urbanization *** on the dialectic relationship of quality andquantity, the article points out that urbanizationshould not only focus on quantity but also on qualityin china. High quality and multiform urbanizationpattern is an inevitable choice of china, and thedevelopment of the region can also be exalted by theradiation of the cities. But what’s the real meaningof the new pattern? What’s its difference from thewestern countries’? The article discusses its contentaccording to the reality of china.

关键词： Urbanization pattern multiform intensive china

Effects of Terracing and agroforestry on Soil and Water Loss in Hilly Areas of the Sichuan Basin, china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第3期5卷 241-248页

作者： J.H. ZHANG Z.A. SU G.C. LIU Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 China institute of Mountain Hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences ＆Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu 610041 China The Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil erosion in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin is a serious concern over sustainable crop production and sound ecosystem. A 3-year experiment was conducted using the method of runoff plots to examine the effects of terracing and agroforestry in farmland systems on soil and water conservation of slope fields in the hilly areas in Jianyang County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern{2.. A power function (Y = aXb) can statistically describe the relationship between water runoff (Y) and rainfall (X). The regression equation for the treatment of sloping terraces with crops (Plot 2. is remarkably different from that for the treatment of sloping terraces with grasses and trees (Plot 1) and the conventional up- and down-slope crop system (Plot 3) regarding equation coefficients, while regression equations are similar between Plot 1 and Plot 3. Water runoff amount and runoff coefficient of slope fields increased by 2..5～41.0 % and 2..5～69.7 % respectively, compared to those of sloping terraces, suggesting that terracing notably reduced the water runoff in the field. In the case of sloping terraces, lower amount of water runoff was observed on sloping terraces with crops than on sloping terraces with grasses and trees. Sediment yields on the slope fields in the normal year of rainfall distribution were notably higher (34.41～331.67 % and 37.06～403.44 % for Plot 1 and Plot 2. respectively) than those on sloping terraces, implying that terracing also plays a significant role in the reduction in soil erosion. It is suggested that terracing with crops is significantly effective for soil and water conservation in cultivatedfarmland, while the conventional practice of up- and down- slope cultivation creates high rates of water runoff and soil sediment transport. Terracing with grasses and fruit trees shows a less reduction in water runoff than terracing with crops, which was observed in the 3-year experiments.

关键词： agroforestry sediment transport runoff sloping terrace soil and water conservation

Indicator system and evaluation framework for sustainable development

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1999年第4期11卷 492-497页

作者： ZHAO Jing\|zhu\+1, Johannes Baptist Opschoor\+2.(1. Department of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco\|environmental Sciences, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2. Economics Faculty, Free University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Am 中科院生态环境研究中心北京 Free University Natherlands 荷兰

An indicator system of sustainable development was established and an evaluation framework for sustainable development was drawn in this study.

关键词： sustainable development indicator system evaluation framework

Structural Adjustment of Oasis Agriculture in Xinjiang

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chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2005年第3期3卷 29-33页

作者： Lei Jun1,2.& Zhang Xiaolei1 1 Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese {2. of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,china 2.institute of Geography Science and Natural Resources Research, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 100101.china Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China institute of Geography Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Xinjiang’s oasis agriculture has made enormous strides over past decades. Structural adjustment of oasis agriculture sector has promoted production diversification. Xinjiang’s oasis agriculture sector is entering a new era. The era means more adjustments in oasis agricultural and rural economic structure so as to realize the sustainable {2. of agriculture. By summing and analyzing the main problems in Xinjinag’s oasis agricultural structure, such as raising farmer’s income, industry structure within agriculture, rural urbanization, pressure coming from market, agricultural environment degradation, puts forward the thinking, director and countermeasures to adjust oasis agricultural structure.

关键词： oasis agriculture structural adjustment agricultural industrialization Xinjiang

Diversity of symbiotic algae of the genus Symbiodinium in scleractinian corals of the Xisha Islands in the South china Sea

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第4期47卷 321-326页

作者： ~(1,2.Zhi-Jun DONG ~1Hui HUANG~* ~1Liang-Min HUANG ~3yuan-Chao LI 1(Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resourses sustainable Utilization,South china Sea {2. of Oceanology,chinese academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301,china) 2.Yantai {2. of Coastal Zone Research for sustainable development,chinese academy of Sciences,Yantai 2.4003,china) 3(Hainan Marine development and Design {2.,Haikou 57012.,china) ( Hainan Marine development and Design institute Haikou 570125 China)

Symbiotic algae(Symbiodinium sp.)in scleractinian corals are important in understanding how coral reefs will respond to global climate *** present paper reports on the diversity of Syrnbiodinium sp. in 48 scleractinian coral species from 2. genera and 10 families sampled from the Xisha Islands in the South china Sea,which were identified with the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)of the nuclear ribosomal DNA large subunit gene(rDNA).The results showed that:(i)Symbiodinium Clade C was the dominant zooxanthellae in scleractinian corals in the Xisha Islands;(ii)Symbiodinium Clade D was found in the corals Montipora aequituberculata,Galaxea fascicularis,and Plerogyra sinuosa;and(iii)both Symbiodinium Clades C and D were found simultaneously in Montipora digitata,Psammocora contigua,and Galaxea fascicularis.A poor capacity for symbiosis polymorphism,as uncovered by RFLP,in the Xisha Islands indicates that the scleractinian corals have low adaptability to environmental *** studies are needed to investigate zooxanthellae diversity using other molecular markers.

关键词： global changes restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) scleractinian coral South china Sea symbiotic algae(Symbiodinium sp.) Xisha Islands.

A study on sustainable development capacity of{2.'s coastal areas using indices dimension reduction method

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2000年第4期10卷 28-36页

作者： WANG Li-ming, YANG Yan-feng, MAO Han-ying, CHEN Wei-min (institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china) 中科院地理科学与资源所北京

sustainable development Capacity (SDC) is a comprehensive concept. In order to obtain a relatively objective evaluation of it, many indices of various aspects are often used in assessing index systems. However, the overlapping information of indices is a frequent source deviating the result from the truth. In this paper, 48 indices are selected as original variables in assessing SDC of{2.'s coastal areas. The mathematical method of dimension reducing treatment is used for eliminating the overlapping information in 48 variables. Five new comprehensive indices are extracted bearing efficient messages of original indices. On the base of new indices values, the sequencing of 12.coastal areas SDC is gained, and five patterns of sustainable development regions are sorted. Then, the leading factors and their relations of SDC in these patterns are analyzed. The gains of research are discussed in the end.

关键词： sustainable development capacity dimension reduction china's coastal areas

The synthesis of astaxanthin esters,independent of the formation of cysts,highly correlates with the synthesis of fatty acids in Haematococcus pluvialis

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 1094-1100页

作者： MIAO FengPing1,2. LU DaYan1, ZHANG ChengWu3, ZUO JinCheng4, GENG YaHong1, HU HongJun1 & LI YeGuang1, 1 Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, chinese academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074,{2. 2.Laboratory of Coastal Zone Bioresources, Yantai institute of Costal Zone Research for sustainable development, chinese academy of Sciences, Yantai 2.4003,{2. 3 institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632.{2. 4 College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 2.402.,{2. 1. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China 2. Laboratory of Coastal Zone Bioresources Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai 264003 China 3. institute of Hydrobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China 4. College of Life Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China

The compositions and contents of astaxanthin esters and fatty acids in four types of Haematococcus pluvialis cells were studied by HPLC and GC-MS. Results showed that the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin was independent of the formation of cysts, but was highly correlated with the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids, though it is an well known phenomenon that the accumulation of astaxanthin is usually accompanied by the formation of cyst. The red cysts contain more than 30% of fatty acids, with 81% of the unsaturated fatty acids. Taken together, besides a resource of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis would be a good resource of valuable fatty acids.

关键词： Haematococcus pluvialis astaxanthin esters cyst formation fatty acids GC-MS

Soil Fertility Indices of Citrus Orchard Land Along Topographic Gradients in the Three Gorges Area of china

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Pedosphere 2011年第6期21卷 782-792页

作者： WU Dian-Ming YU Yuan-Chun XIA Li-Zhong YIN Shi-Xue YANG Lin-Zhang College of Forest Resources and environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 （China） State Key Laboratory of Soil and sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） College of environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 22500g （China）

In the Three Gorges Area of china, soil erosion and the resultant non-point source pollution and ecological degradation have endangered agricultural ecosystems and fresh water reservoirs. Although efforts have been undertaken to reduce soil and water losses from slope land used for citrus production, information on the effects of management practices on soil fertility indices is either limited or nonexistent. This study was conducted to compare the effects of 10 years of various management practices, citrus intercropped with white clover (WC), citrus mulched with straw (SM), citrus intercropped with contour hedgerows (CH), citrus orchard land with impermeable membrane (IM), and citrus intercropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and peanut (Arachris hypogaea) (WP), as treatments on soil fertility indices with that of the conventional citrus management (CM). Results showed that the soil organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, available potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.2. mm) contents at the 0–5 cm depth were higher for the WC and SM treatments than the CM treatment. There was also spatial variation in soil fertility along slopes of the WC and SM treatments. The soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.2. mm) contents at both the 0–5 and 5–2. cm depths were higher for the CH and IM treatments than the CM treatment. The average soil available nitrogen and available potassium contents were higher for the WP treatment than the CM treatment, but the WP treatment had little effect on the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.2. mm) contents. These suggested that white clover intercropping and straw mulching were the most effective approaches to improve soil fertility in citrus orchard land of the Three Gorges area.

关键词： intercropping slope land soil nutrients soil water-stable aggregates straw mulching

Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Variable-and Permanent-Charge Paddy Soils

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Pedosphere 2010年第2期20卷 209-216页

作者： XIONG Zheng-Qin HUANG Tai-Qing MA Yu-Chun XING Guang-Xi ZHU Zhao-Liang College of Resources and environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China） State Key Laboratory of Soil and sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 （China）

A variable-charge （VC） and a permanent-charge paddy soil （PC） were selected to study nitrate-N （NO3^--N） and ammonium-N （NH4^＋-N） leaching with N isotopes for one consecutive year. An irrigation and intermittent drainage pattern was adopted to mimic natural occurrence of rainfall during the upland crop season and drainage management during the flooded rice season. Treatments to each soil type were no-N controls （CK）, ^15N-labeled （NH4）2.O4 （NS）, and milk vetch （NV） applied at a rate equivalent to 2.8 kg N ha^-1 to unplanted lysimeters, totaling six treatments in triplicates. Results indicated that the soil type dominated N leaching characteristics. In the case of PC, NO3^--N accounted for 78% of the total leached inorganic N; NS was prone to leach three times more than the NV, being 8.2. and 2.4% of added ^15N respectively; and 〉 85% of leached NO3-N came from of the total inorganic N in leachate. Moreover, NH4^＋-N native N in the soil. In the case of VC, NH4^＋-N made up to 92. leaching was detected throughout the whole incubation, and was particularly high during the flooded season. NO3^--N leaching in VC occurred later at a lower rate compared to that in PC. The findings of this study indicate that NO3^--N leaching during the drained season in permanent-charge paddy soils and NH4^＋-N leaching in variable-charge soils deserve more attention for regional environmental control.

关键词： drained/flooded rotations fertilizer-derived nitrate ion movement lysimeter ^15N tracing technique