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The optical near-field speckles and their first order statistics on the basis of the integral equations of electromagnetic field

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第3期47卷 365-380页

作者： CHENG Chuanfu1, 2. SONG Hongsheng2. LIU Chunxiang2. REN Xiaorong2. ZHANG Ningyu3, TENG Shuyun1 & XU Zhizhan1 1. Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 800-2.1, Shanghai 2.1800, china 2. Department of Physics,{2., Jinan 2.001., china 3. shandong institute of Architecture and Engineering, Jinan 2.001., china 1. Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 800-211 201800 Shanghai China 2. Department of Physics Shandong Normal University 250014 Jinan China 3. shandong institute of Architecture and Engineering 250014 Jinan China

From Helmholtz equation of the harmonic electromagnetic waves, the integral equations of the light field at the medium boundaries are obtained by use of the Green's theorem and are discretized into linear equation set with the values of the light field and its derivative as the unknowns. On solving the linear equation set, we realize the rigorous computations of the light fields at the boundaries. Then the intensities of the light waves scattered by the random self-affine fractal surfaces in the optical near-field are calculated, and the propagation characteristics, the evolutions of the contrast and the intensity probability density function of the near-field speckles are studied in detail. The near-field speckles are much different from the conventional speckles in the diffraction regions and in the imaging systems. There are obvious local fluctuations in the intensity distributions of the near-field speckles and such fluctuations disappear after propagating a distance of one wavelength from the medium surfaces. For the random surfaces with smaller lateral correlation lengths, the speckle contrasts approach the saturation values and the speckle fields approach Gaussian distribution within the near-field, while for the random surfaces with larger lateral correlation lengths, such evolutions become comparatively slow.

关键词： speckle, near-field optics, first order statistics, Green's function.

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The dynamical properties of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第6期48卷 667-675页

作者： GE Meihua1, ZHANG Yanhui1, WANG Dehua2. DU Mengli3 & LIN Shenglu1 1. College of Physics and Electronics, shandong normal university, Jinan 2.001.,{2. 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, shandong institute of Architecture and Engineering, Jinan 2.001.,{2. 3. institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080,{2. 1. College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University 250014 Jinan China 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics Shandong Institute of Architecture and Engineering 250014 Jinan China 3. institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

The dynamical properties of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface are presented by using the methods of phase space analysis and closed orbit theory. Transforming the coordinates of the Hamiltonian, we find that the phase space of the system is divided into vibrational and rotational region. Both the Poincaré surface of section and the closed orbit theory verify the same conclusion clearly. In this paper we choose the atomic principal quantum number as n = 2.. The dynamical character of the exited hydrogen atom depends sensitively on the atom-surface distance d. When d is sufficiently large, the atom-surface potential can be expressed by the traditional van der Waals force and the system is integrable. When d becomes smaller, there exists a critical value dc. For d > dc, the system is near-integrable and the motion is regular. While chaotic motion appears for d < dc, and the system tends to be non-integrable. The trajectories become unstable and the electron might be captured onto the metal surface.

关键词： Rydberg hydrogen atom, van der Waals interaction, Poincaré surface of section, closed orbit theory, chaos.

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Synthesis and structural characterization of Zn_3N_2.powder

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第2期48卷 201-210页

作者： ZONG Fujian1, MA Honglei1, XUE Chengshan2. ZHUANG Huizhao2. ZHANG Xijian1, MA Jin1, JI Feng1 & XIAO Hongdi1 1. School of Physics and Microelectronics, shandong university, Jinan 2.0100,{2. 2. institute of semiconductor, shandong normal university, Jinan 2.001.,{2. School of Physics and Microelectronics Shandong University Jinan 250100 China institute of semiconductor Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China

Zinc nitride (Zn3N2. powder has been synthesized through the nitridation reaction of Zn powder with NH3 gas (at the flow rate of 500 ml/min) at the nitridation temperature of 600℃ for 12. min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that Zn3N2.is cubic in structure with the lattice constant being a = 0.9788 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that Zn3N2.powder has surface morphology of various types. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows the differences in chemical bonding states between Zn3N2.and ZnO, and confirms the formation of N–Zn bonds. Observation through high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) also indicates that the computer simulation of the structure of Zn3N2.is consistent with the structural model put forward by Partin.

关键词： nitridation, Zn3N2 powder, structure, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XPS.

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Characteristics and origins of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area,shandong Province,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第1期49卷 77-87页

作者： MA Jinlong1,2. TAO Mingxin2.3 & YE Xianren2.1. Resources and Environmental School, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, {2. of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing normal university, Beijing 100875, china 1. Resources and Environmental School Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 3. College of Resources Science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Fluids and noble gases of mantle-derived materials are important tracers forthe mantle information. Compositions of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived mineralsfrom the Yishu area, shandong Province, china, were tested by the methods of heat-bursting andheat-melting respectively. The fluids are mainly composed of CO_2. CO and H_2. which account forabout 90% of the total, and are similar to the mantle-derived rocks from other areas of eastern{2.; ratios of ~3He/~4He in almost all samples range from 0.82.Ra to 2.74 Ra, whereas^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar from 2.9.5 to 758.8. Both ranges are much lower than those of the typical oceanmantle-derived samples (such as MORB) and primarily reflect the influences of the atmosphericcomponents and the radiogenic isotopes. Ratios of C/~3He range from 2..6 x 10~9 to 1050 x 10~9,N_2.Ar from 92. to 56612. and N_2.~3He from 2.5 x 10~9 to 2. x 10~9, similar to those in westernUnited States and New Zealand which belong to the tectonic plate collision regions. The ratios fallin the intersect of mantle-crust-atmosphere in the comprehensive tracer-charts, reflecting theinfluences of the atmosphere and the crusts with organic components. Our results suggest that thecomposition of the primary fluids and the isotopic ratios of the noble gases may either reflect theevolution process of mantle-derived rocks connected with the rise and eruption of magma, or theinfluence of the ancient subduction-plate on the continental mantle of this region.

关键词： noble gases, primary fluids, mantle-derived minerals, Yishu area.

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Fabrication of hexagonal gallium nitride films on silicon (111) substrates

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Rare Metals 2003年第3期22卷 221-225页

作者： YANGLi XUEChengshan WANGCuimei LIHuaixiang RENYuwen ChemistryFunctionMaterialsLab InstituteofSemiconductorsShandongNormalUniversityJinan250014China PhysicsDe0artment ShandongNormalUniversityJinan250014China InspectioninstituteforElectronicProductsofshandong Jinan250000China

Hexagonal gallium nitride films were successfully fabricated throughammoniating Ga_2._3 films deposited on silicon (111) substrates by electrophoresis. The structure,composition, and surface morphology of the formed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). The measurement results reveal that the polycrystalline GaN films withhexagonal wurtzite structure were successfully grown on the silicon (111) substrates. Preliminaryresults suggest that varying the ammoniating temperature has obvious effect on the quality of theGaN films formed with this method.

关键词： semiconductor materials GaN films electrophoresis Ga_2._3

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Consensus of multiagent systems based on disturbance observer

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2010年第2期8卷 145-150页

作者： Hongyong YANG 1 , Fucai WANG 2., Zhenxing ZHANG 3 , Guangdeng ZONG 4 (1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Ludong university, Yantai shandong 2.402.,{2. 2.School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ludong university, Yantai shandong 2.402.,{2. 3.School of Automation, Southeast university, Nanjing Jiangsu 2.0096,{2. 4.institute of Automation, Qufu normal university, Qufu shandong 2.3165,{2.) School of Information Science and Engineering Ludong University Yantai Shandong China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Ludong University Yantai Shandong China School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China institute of Automation Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong China

The objectives of this work are the development and design of disturbance observers (DO’s) for a team of agents that accomplish consensus on agents’ states in the presence of exogenous disturbances. A pinning control strategy is designed for a part of agents of the multiagent systems without disturbances, and this pinning control can bring multiple agents’ states to reaching an expected consensus value. Under the effect of the disturbances, nonlinear disturbance observers are developed for disturbances generated by an exogenous system to estimate the disturbances. Asymptotical consensus of the multiagent systems with disturbances under the composite controller can be achieved. Finally, by applying an example of multiagent systems with switching topologies and exogenous disturbances, the design of the parameters of DO’s are illuminated.

关键词： Multiagent systems Disturbance observer Pinning control Consensus

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Recurrence spectra of He atoms in strong external fields

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第4期47卷 477-484页

作者： LIN Shenglu1, LI Hongyun1, WANG Dehua2. ZHAO Wenli1 & GAO Feng1 1. Department of Physics, shandong normal university, Jinan 2.001.,{2. 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, shandong institute of Architecture and Engineering, Jinan 2.001.,{2. 1. Department of Physics Shandong Normal University 250014 Jinan China 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics Shandong Institute of Architecture and Engineering 250014 Jinan China

By employing a model potential including the electron exchange energy, we extend the semiclassical closed orbit theory to study the multielectron atoms. Using special region-splitting consistent and iterative method, we figure out the closed orbits in the corresponding classical system and calculate the recurrence spectra of triplet helium atoms in parallel electric and magnetic fields at scaled energy ε=?0.03,n≈40,n=0. The core-scattering effects have been taken into account, which lead to more peaks in the spectra. It has also been confirmed by means of the direct comparison between the spectral portrait in such a plot and those of hydrogen case. In order to compare the theoretic results with experiment, we investigate the closed orbits and recurrence spectra of helium atoms for the similar exchange potential but applied only by single electric field at scaled energy ε=?2.7 case. The spectra are in good agreement with the experimental observation. We conclude that our model is correct and it is necessary to consider the exchange effect for determining the photoabsorption spectra of multielectron atoms in strong external fields.

关键词： exchange potential, recurrence spectra, semiclassical closed orbit theory, core-scattering.

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Multiple Effects of Energy Issues and Countermeasures: A Case of shandong Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 88-94页

作者： Wang Chengxin1,2., Wang Gefang3 , Yao Shimou4 1. College of Population, Resources and Environment, shandong normal university, Jinan shandong {2., china 2. Research Center of Cycle Economy of shandong Province, Jinan shandong 2.0001, china 3. Party School of the shandong Committee of CPC, Jinan shandong 2.002., china 4. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Jiangsu 2.0008, china College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Research Center of Cycle Economy of shandong Province Party School of the shandong Committee of CPC Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Energy is now becoming the bottleneck of urban and regional development. The paper takes shandong Province, one of the most energy consuming provinces in china, as an example, uses quantity methods such as SPSS (Stastics Package for Social Science) cluster sampling and regression analysis, and applies quantity analysis, to analyze the situation of energy issues in shandong province. The conflicts between the quick industrialization and increasing extensive economic development, between urban population and energy consuming per head, between the infinite energy consuming desire and the low level of managing system, and between the unstable world energy supply and the limited energy storage in china are the main factors of energy crisis in shandong, which not only results in energy shortage, but also becomes the barrier of economic and social development. In order to ensure sufficient energy supply for shandong province in the 2.st century, we should take countermeasures, such as changing the economic development model, pursuing a multiple and high quality energy strategy, improving the intensive urbanization strategy, and building a scientific energy system.

关键词： energy effects countermeasure shandong Province

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Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, china

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2007年第2期5卷 34-40页

作者： Zhao Huixia1, 3, Zhang Zulu2. Jiang Luguang 1 1. institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. College of Population, Resources and Environment,{2., Jinan shandong 2.001., china 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong 250014 China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2.04, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2.04, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.

关键词： urban land use ring structure sector structure Jinan

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Effect of physiological heterogeneity of E. coli population on antibiotic susceptivity test

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 808-813页

作者： LIU YuQing1,3, ZHANG HuaiQiang2. SHEN JianZhong3 & GAO PeiJi2.1 institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 2.0100,{2. 2.State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, shandong university, Jinan 2.0100,{2. 3 College of Veterinary Medicine,{2. Agricultural university, Beijing 100094,{2. 1. institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science Jinan 250100 China 3. College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

According to the instantaneous growth rate (dN/dt) of E. coli CVCC2.9 growing in batch culture, the entire growth progress was distinguished into four phases: accelerating growth phase, constant growth phase, decelerating growth phase; declining phase, in each of which obvious variation in physiological; biochemical properties was detected, including total DNA, total protein,; MTT-dehydrogenase activity, etc., that led to difference in their antibiotic susceptivity. Antibiotic susceptivity of the population sampled from each phase was tested by Concentration-killing Curve (CKC) approach following the formula N=N 0/{1+exp[r·(x-BC 50)]}, showing as normal distribution at the individual cell level for an internal population, in which the median bactericidal concentration BC 50 represents the mean level of susceptivity, while the bactericidal span BC 199=(2.nN 0)/r indicates the variation degree of the antibiotic susceptivity. Furthermore, tested by CKC approach, the antibiotic susceptivity of E. coli CVCC2.9 population in each physiological phase to gentamicin or enoxacin was various: susceptivity of the population in the constant growth phase; declining phase all increased compared with that in the accelerating growth phase for gentamicin but declined for enoxacin. The primary investigations revealed that the physiological phase should be taken into account in the context of antibiotic susceptivity; research into antimicrobial mechanism. However there are few reports concerned with this study. Further research using different kinds of antibiotics with synchronized continuous culture of different bacterial strains is required.

关键词： instantaneous growth rate, batch culture, physiological heterogeneity, concentration-killing curve, antibiotic susceptivity test

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