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STRATEGIES AND POLICIES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN AREA OF china

Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2002年第1期 9-14页

作者： Zhong Xianghao (chengdu institute of {2. {3. and environment, chinese academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resoures, PRC, chengdu 610041, china)

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A Soil Temperature Control System for Sapling Study in Alpine Region

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第5期8卷 739-749页

作者： CHENG Song ZHANG Li SONG Hongtao YU Hui GeCheng Global Eco-Tech Inc. 988 Dodridge Road Columbus Ohio 43200 USA Olentangy River Wetland Research Park The Ohio State University 352 Dodridge Road Columbus Ohio 43202 USA institute of mountain {2. and{3. ChineseAcademy of Seiences #9 Block 4 Renminnanlu Road Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A soil temperature control system was designed for sapling study in alpine region and tested in summer, 2.09. The system consisted of a power switch, voltage regulator, microcomputer timer, safety relays, temperature control device, temperature sensors, heating cables, fireproofing plastic pipes (PVC), 108 heavy-duty plastic containers and seedlings. The heating cables were held in six 2.layer PVC frames with 2. cm wide, 3.0} cm long and 2. cm high and three 1-layer frames with 2. cm wide and 3.0} cm long for 15°C soil temperature treatment, half of the 2.layer frames were used for 2.°C and 2.°C soil temperature treatments, respectively. Each of the frames was installed at each of ditches with 3. cm wide, 3.0 cm long and 3. cm deep in size. 12.seedling containers with 2. cm top diameter, 18cm bottom diameter and 2. cm high were homogenously placed at each of the ditches, and spaces between the containers were filled with natural soil. The system was economic, and could increase soil temperatures obviously and uniformly, the maximal and minimal standard errors of soil temperatures were ±0.2. and ±0.05°C at 10cm depth in the containers within each of all the ditches. In the system, aboveground environment was natural, diurnal and monthly soil temperatures varied with changing air temperature, the research results may be better to know the eco-physiological and growth responses of alpine saplings/seedlings to soil warming than that in greenhouse, laboratory, infrared heat lamp and open top chamber.

关键词： Alpine mountain Eco-physiology Seedling growth Soil temperature Control system

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Mapping the Farming-pastoral Ecotones in china

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 78-87页

作者： ZHANG Jian WEI Jie CHEN Quangon institute of mountain {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Tourism College Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China School of PastoralAgricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730020 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Conventional farming-pastoral ecotones methods of delineating were not quantitative and could not fully show their spatial distribution. The present paper attempts to develop quantitative methods for mapping farming-pastoral ecotones in china. Nine indicators, related to temperature, precipitation and altitude aspects, were selected to quantify ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage）. Methods of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and expert score ranking combined with fuzzy set theory were applied to assign the weight for each indicator and to define the membership functions. The geographic information system （GIS） was used to manage the spatial database and conduct the spatial analysis. According to the spatial calculation of evaluation model integrated with GIS, the ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage） was mapped. Three different zones, pastoral area, farming-pastoral ecotones and farming area, were classified by spatial cluster analysis and the maximum likelihood classification for the numeric map of vegetation ecological susceptibility by GIS. This map was validated by the economic statistical result based on the ratio of the output value from animal husbandry in total output value of agriculture by the National Bureau of Statistics in china, indicating that the mapping of the farming-pastoral ecotones may be accepted.

关键词： AHP Farming-pastoral ecotone Fuzzyset theory GIS

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UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS ON ZONATION MAPS OF DEBRISFLOW HAZARD IN YUNNAN PROVINCE,china

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chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 138-143页

作者： LIU Xi-lin(Dapartment of Urban and environmental Scicnces, Peking University Beijing 100871, P.R.china {2. of Moun tain {3. and environment, the chinese academy of Sicnces, chengdu 610041,P.R.china) Department of Urban and environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing P. R. China institute of mountain {2. and {3. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu P. R. China

Different researchers select different factors and use different methods to assess the regional hazard degrees of debris now. consequenily, even for the same region, tb.. are often different hazard zonation maps, and there must be some uncertainty in the zonations. Thus the ceriainty analysis of zonation maps becomes obviously *** debris now hazard, those zonation maps with a certainty analysis could provide most valuable information for land users, hazard managers and policy makers. By comparison of three researchers’ findings in Yunnan Province, this paPer shows that seven to nine iafluential factors are chosen for the zonation maps. spatial density of debris flow ravines,regional average rock-weathering coefficient, yearly precipitation, days of≥50 mm daily rainfall, and proportion of sloping land with slope≥2.℃to the total land are the most acceptable factors. Mathemahcal methods of maximum-minimumvalues, upperlower limit values and Fuzzy values are used to quantify the factors. Step-by-step methodoogy is commonly used for the zonation maps. Research results show that mchmum uncedrinty is 66. 6% and minimum uncertainty is 3..7% in debris now hazard maps of zhaotong Prefecture and Yunnan Province. Therefore there is still much work for us to improve the zonation methedology.

关键词： debris flow hazard zonation uncertainty zonation map

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The Critical Rainfall Characteristics for Torrents and Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Stricken Area

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 362-372页

作者： CHEN Ningsheng YANG Chenglin ZHOU Wei HU Guisheng LI Huan David Han Key Lab of mountain hazards and Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China610041 institute of mountain {2. and {3. ChineseAcademy of Sciences Chengdu China 610041 College of Water Resource & Hydropower ofSCU Chengdu China 610065 d Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK

Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas. The Wenchuan Earthquake 2.08 caused huge casualties and property damages in the earthquake-stricken area,which also generated large quantities of loose solid materials and increased occurrence probabilities of debris flows. There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available,torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance. This study is based on 49-year observations (1954-2.03. of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events. Detailed contour maps of 1 hour and 2. hour critical rainfalls have been generated (Due to the data limitation,there was insufficient 10 minute critical rainfall to make its contour map). Generally,the contour maps from 1 hour and 2. hours have similar patterns. Three zones with low,medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified. The characteristics of the critical rainfall zones are linked with the local vegetation cover and land forms. Further studies and observations are needed to validate the finding and improve the contour maps.

关键词： Debris flow mountain torrent Earthquake-stricken area Critical rainfall

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DEBRIS FLOW IN WEST DEVELOPMENT

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2002年第3期 20-28页

作者： Xie Hong, Liu Shijian and Zhong Dunlun (institute of mountain {2. and {3., chinese academy of Sciences, chengdu 610041, china)

Across the 12.provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of West china (including Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and Chongqing) are widely distributed debris flows. According to investigation, there are more than 15 500 gullies of debris flow, threatening over 100 towns and counties. When the debris flow attacks, it can affect 2. sites each with a death toll of over 100. Debris flow is, therefore, an important eco {2.al issue that must be addressed in the development of West china. In every priority, such as city construction, traffic & transportation (highways, railways, etc.), water conservancy, transfer of gas and electricity from west to east, and so on barges debris flow. By learning from the past experience with the control of debris flow, we can reduce the disaster and boost the development of the western regions of china.

关键词： west development debris flow prevention

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Strategic Orientation and Basic Exploration Thinking of the Western Development of china

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2001年第4期10卷 129-134页

作者： CHEN Guojie (chengdu institute of {2. {3. and environment, chinese academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources) chengdu institute of {2. {3. and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources

1 Western development strategy is *** Western development strategy is initiated from the general goal, the overall arrangement and the general strategic deployment of the nation's development. The followings are included:(1) the initiative factors of the western development strategy are: a tremendous economic growth in the eastern and coastal area of china; an unprecedented development of the national abilities on investment and independent growth; the widening gap between the eastern and western regions;a necessary upgrade and readjustment of industrial structures; a more specific readjustment of regional industrial work dividing.

关键词： western development strategy exploration thinking

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Two Village Ecosystems in the Upper Minjiang River, china: A Comparison of Emergy Flow

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2003年第3B期8卷 935-939页

作者： Chen Yong, Chen Guojie, Wang Qinginstitute of mountain {2. and {3., chinese academy of Sciences, chengdu 610041, sichuan, china institute of {3.al Science and Engineering, sichuan University, chengdu 610064, sichuan, china institute of mountain {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina institute of environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 Sichuan China institute of mountain {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina

By using the concept of emergy and method of emergy analysis, this paper has studied two mountain settlement (village) ecosystems in two aspects: input and output of energy in the agro-systems and the use of fuel energy. The result reveals that the settlement agro-system in the valley of Minjiang River is better in both structure and function than that at the so-called half-high mountain. The former one is higher than the latter one regarding such indices as emergy yield ratio, labor productivity of emergy and emergy sustainable index, but lower than the latter one regarding {2.al loading ratio. In terms of fuel emergy, the settlement in the valley enjoys more diversified sources and is less depending on bio-energy while the settlement at the half-high mountain has only one source (i. e. fuel wood) , much depending on bio-energy, may exert a greater pressure on {2..

关键词： Upper Minjiang River settlement (village) ecosystem emergy

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A Study on Forest Species Diversity and Its Ecological Service Function in the Plateau Area of Western sichuan

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2003年第3B期8卷 975-980页

作者： Deng Yu-lin, Wang Yu-kuan, Peng Pei-haoinstitute of mountain {2. and {3., chinese academy of Sciences, chengdu 610041, sichuan, china institute of mountain {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina

This paper presents a study on species diversity and its ecological service function in the plateau area in western sichuan. The results show that species diversity in the plantations on the cutover land has a tendency to increase and that its ecological service function is to be improved with stand age growing. The species diversity in forest communities is also gradually increased on different succession stage till reaching a climax level. But the species diversity in the climax community is slightly decreased before it reaches a relatively constant status. Ecological service function of diversity is gradually strengthened with the progress of succession. In addition, species diversity in a stand in a similar site and at a same age differs among forest types. Species diversity index within a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is larger than that within a coniferous forest. Meanwhile, species diversity enriches as the tree density increases.

关键词： bio-diversity ecological service function plateau area western sichuan

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On Disaster Economy Study

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2000年第3期 2-7页

作者： ZHENG Lin (chengdu institute of {2. {3. and environment, chinese academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy, chengdu 610041)

This paper presents an analysis of the meaning, characteristics, classification and key areas of disaster economy study.

关键词： disaster economy characteristics classification content

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