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S & T PROJECTS FOR ECO-environment CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTHWEST REGION

Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2002年第2期 30-35页

作者： Chai Zongxin (chengdu institute of {2. hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 610041, china)

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A Preliminary Study on Traditional Level-trench Method to Prevent Rill Initiation in the Three Gorges Region,china

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 876-881页

作者： YAN Dongchun WEN Anbang HE Xiubin SHI Zhonglin XIONG Donghong LONG Yi Key Laboratory of mountain environment Evolution and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The level-trench method is a traditional tillage operation to develop a drainage system on slope land in the Three Gorges region. Before crops are planted, farmers prepare the land with level trenches spaced 3-1o m apart, depending on the slope gradient： steeper slopes require shorter distances. Little scientific analysis has been done on the use of traditional level trenches for soil conservation. We conducted a field investigation and simulation experiments, and present a comparison between the spacing of level trenches and the slope length required for rill initiation. The results indicate that the spacing of level trenches in farmland is close to the slope length required for rill initiation in the experimental plots, and regression models of trench spacing with the gradient and the slope length required for rill initiation with the gradient have similar formats; the coefficients of determination （R2. for the two equations are 0.99 and 0.88, respectively. There were some differences between the field survey and experiments, but we conclude that the traditional level-trench method has an important role in preventing rill initiation.

关键词： Level trench Rill Initiation Purple Soil Three Gorges Region

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Characteristics of Earthquake-Triggered Landslides and Post-Earthquake Debris Flows in Beichuan County

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Journal of mountain Science 2010年第3期7卷 246-254页

作者： ZHUANG Jianqi CUI Peng HU Kaiheng CHEN Xiaoqing GE Yonggang Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Land Surface Processes and {2. of mountain hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Field investigations and aerial photography after the earthquake of May 12. 2.08 show a large number of geo-hazards in the zone of extreme earthquake effects. In particular, landslides and debris flows, the geo-hazards that most threaten post-disaster reconstruction, are widely distributed. We describe the characteristics of these geo-hazards in Beichuan County using high-resolution remote sensing of landslide distribution, and the relationships between the area and volume of landslides and the peak-discharges of debris flows both pre- and post-earthquake. The results show： 1） The concentration （defined as the number of landslide sources per unit area： Lc） of earthquake- triggered landslides is inversely correlated with distance from the earthquake （DF） fault. The relationship is described by the following equation： Lc = 3.2.64exp（-0.0831DF）（R2.= 0.92.6）; 2. 87 % of the earthquake-triggered landslides were less than 15× 10^4 m2.in area, and these accounted only for 5o% of the total area; 84% of the landslide volumes were less than 60×10^4 m3, and these accounted only for 50% of the total volume. The probability densities of the area and volume distributions are correlated： landslide abundance increases with landslide area and volume up to maximum values of 5 ×10^4m2.and 30 ×10^4 m3, respectively, and then decreases exponentially. 3） The area （AL） and volume （VL） of earthquake-triggered landslides are correlated as described with the following equation： VL=6.5138AL1.02.7 （R2.= 0.92.1）; 4）Characteristics of the debris flows changed after the earthquake because of the large amount of landslide material deposited in the gullies. Consequently, debris flow peak-discharge increased following the earthquake as described with the following equation： Vpost = 0.842.Vprel-0972.（R2.= 0.982.）（Vpre is the peak discharge ofpre-earthquake flows and the Vpost is the peak discharge of post-earthquake flows）. We obtained the distribution of the landslides based on the above anal

关键词： 5.12.earthquake Landslide Debris flow Magnitude Beiehuan County

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STRATEGIES AND POLICIES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN AREA OF china

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2002年第1期 9-14页

作者： Zhong Xianghao (chengdu institute of {2. hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences & Ministry of Water Resoures, PRC, chengdu 610041, china)

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Mapping the Farming-pastoral Ecotones in china

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 78-87页

作者： ZHANG Jian WEI Jie CHEN Quangon institute of mountain {2. and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Tourism College Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China School of PastoralAgricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730020 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Conventional farming-pastoral ecotones methods of delineating were not quantitative and could not fully show their spatial distribution. The present paper attempts to develop quantitative methods for mapping farming-pastoral ecotones in china. Nine indicators, related to temperature, precipitation and altitude aspects, were selected to quantify ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage）. Methods of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and expert score ranking combined with fuzzy set theory were applied to assign the weight for each indicator and to define the membership functions. The geographic information system （GIS） was used to manage the spatial database and conduct the spatial analysis. According to the spatial calculation of evaluation model integrated with GIS, the ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage） was mapped. Three different zones, pastoral area, farming-pastoral ecotones and farming area, were classified by spatial cluster analysis and the maximum likelihood classification for the numeric map of vegetation ecological susceptibility by GIS. This map was validated by the economic statistical result based on the ratio of the output value from animal husbandry in total output value of agriculture by the National Bureau of Statistics in china, indicating that the mapping of the farming-pastoral ecotones may be accepted.

关键词： AHP Farming-pastoral ecotone Fuzzyset theory GIS

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Debris-flow of Zelongnong Ravine in Tibet

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 535-543页

作者： ZHANG Jinshan SHEN Xingju Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CASChengdu 61oo41 China College of Tourism and History & Culture Southwest University for Nationalities chengdu 61 oo41 China Graduate University CAS Beijing 10o049 China

Zelongnong Ravine,a branch ravine of Brahmaputra,is an old large glacier debris-flow ***-flows with medium and/or small scales occur almost every year;multiple super debris-flows have also broken out in history,and have caused destructive disaster to local residents at the mouth of ravine and blocked *** huge altitude difference and the steep slope of the Zelongnong Ravine provide predominant energy conditions for the *** drainage basin is located in the fast uplifted area,where the complicated geologic structure,the cracked rock,and the frequent earthquake make the rocks experience strong weathering,thus plenty of granular materials are available for the formation of *** this region is located in the rain shadow area,the precipitation is concentrated and most is with high ***,the strong glacier activity provides water source for *** to literature reviews,most debris-flows in the ravine are induced by rainstorms,and their scales are relatively ***,when the melted water is overlaid,the large scale debris-flows may *** calculation such as the flow velocity and the runoff is conducted according to the monitoring *** result shows that large debris-flows can be aroused when the rainstorm and the melted water are combined well,but the possibility of blocking off Brahmaputra is *** occurrence of the super debris-flows is closely related to the intense glacier activity(e.g.,glaciersurge).They often result in destructive disasters and are hard to be prevented and cured by engineering measures,due to the oversized *** hazard mitigation measures such as monitoring and prediction are proposed.

关键词： Tibet The Brahmaputra The Mt Namjagbarwa Zelongnong Ravine Debris-flow

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The Critical Rainfall Characteristics for Torrents and Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Stricken Area

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 362-372页

作者： CHEN Ningsheng YANG Chenglin ZHOU Wei HU Guisheng LI Huan David Han Key Lab of mountain hazards and Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China610041 institute of mountain {2. and environment ChineseAcademy of Sciences Chengdu China 610041 College of Water Resource & Hydropower ofSCU Chengdu China 610065 d Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK

Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas. The Wenchuan Earthquake 2.08 caused huge casualties and property damages in the earthquake-stricken area,which also generated large quantities of loose solid materials and increased occurrence probabilities of debris flows. There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available,torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance. This study is based on 49-year observations (1954-2.03) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events. Detailed contour maps of 1 hour and 2. hour critical rainfalls have been generated (Due to the data limitation,there was insufficient 10 minute critical rainfall to make its contour map). Generally,the contour maps from 1 hour and 2. hours have similar patterns. Three zones with low,medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified. The characteristics of the critical rainfall zones are linked with the local vegetation cover and land forms. Further studies and observations are needed to validate the finding and improve the contour maps.

关键词： Debris flow mountain torrent Earthquake-stricken area Critical rainfall

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Discrete Element Modeling of Debris Avalanche Impact on Retaining Walls

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Journal of mountain Science 2010年第3期7卷 276-281页

作者： LI Xinpo HE Siming LUO Yu WU Yong Key laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth Surface Process CAS Chengdu 610041 China institute of mountain {2. and environment CAS Chengdu 610041 China

In china,gravity retaining walls are widely used as protection structures against rockfalls,debris flows and debris avalanches along the roads in mountainous *** this paper,the Discrete Element Method(DEM) has been used to investigate the impact of granular avalanches and debris flows on retaining *** debris is modeled as two dimensional circular disks that interact through frictional sliding *** basic equations that control the deformation and motion of the particles are introduced.A series of numerical experiments were conducted on an idealized debris slide impacting a retaining *** parametric study has been performed to examine the influences of slope geometry,travel distance of the sliding mass,wall position,and surface friction on the impact force exerted on the *** show that:1) the force achieves its maximum value when slope angle is equal to 60°,as it varies from 30° to 75°;2. an approximate linear relationship between the impact force and the storage area length is determined.

关键词： Debris flow debris avalanche rockfallretaining wall Discrete Element Method

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DEBRIS FLOW IN WEST DEVELOPMENT

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2002年第3期 20-28页

作者： Xie Hong, Liu Shijian and Zhong Dunlun (institute of mountain {2. and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, china)

Across the 12.provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of West china (including Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and Chongqing) are widely distributed debris flows. According to investigation, there are more than 15 500 gullies of debris flow, threatening over 100 towns and counties. When the debris flow attacks, it can affect 2. sites each with a death toll of over 100. Debris flow is, therefore, an important eco {2.al issue that must be addressed in the development of West china. In every priority, such as city construction, traffic & transportation (highways, railways, etc.), water conservancy, transfer of gas and electricity from west to east, and so on barges debris flow. By learning from the past experience with the control of debris flow, we can reduce the disaster and boost the development of the western regions of china.

关键词： west development debris flow prevention

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On Disaster Economy Study

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Natural Disaster Reduction in china 2000年第3期 2-7页

作者： ZHENG Lin (chengdu institute of {2. hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy, chengdu 610041)

This paper presents an analysis of the meaning, characteristics, classification and key areas of disaster economy study.

关键词： disaster economy characteristics classification content

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