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Crustal structure of Gondwana-and Yangtze-typed blocks:An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Menglian to Malong in western Yunnan

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1828-1836页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2. TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, SUN Shanxue1 & WANG Xinzheng1 1. institute of Geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., China {3., Chinese seismological bureau, {2. 100081, China 3. institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, {2. 10003., China institute of Geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of geophysics Chinese Seismological Bureau Beijing China institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The wide-angle seismic profile between Menglian and Malong crosses the Baoshan block (Gondwana-typed), and Simao and southwestern Yangtze blocks (Yangtze-typed). By in-terpreting the wide-angle seismic data, we obtained the seismic crust/upper mantle structure of P-wave velocities together with the seismic reflections of these three blocks, Changning- Menglian and Mojiang suture zones among the mentioned three blocks. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the P-wave crustal velocity of Simao block is slower than that of Baoshan and southwestern Yangtze block and the crustal thickness gradually thickens from the Baoshan block, Simao to southwestern Yangtze block. Crustal reflection patterns of these three blocks have dis-tinct differences too. For the Gondwana-typed blocks, seismic reflections in the upper crust are well developed while in middle-lower crust they are very weak. The crustal reflections in the Yangtze block are very well developed. The crustal reflection patterns in Simao and southwest-ern Yangtze blocks are distinguishable. The average thickness of the crust in the studied area is about 40 km. And we make some discussions on the crustal thickening model of the three blocks in western Yunnan and tectonic setting of seismic developing and interaction of Gondwana and Yangtze blocks.

关键词： Gondwana blocks,Yangtze blocks,wide-angle profile,crustal structure,tectonic setting

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The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2. TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. institute of Geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., China {3., China seismological bureau, beijing 100085, China 3. institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, {2. 10003., China 4. School of Exploration and Information, China University of Geosciences, {2. 100083. China institute of Geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of geophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing China institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences Beijing China School of Exploration and Information China University of Geosciences Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3.segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2.km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2.segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

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A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of China

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1,Lu Yuejun1,Yan Jiaquan2.Tang Rongyu1,Wang Junqin3.and Li Jiagang3.1. institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration,beijing {2.,China {3.,China Earthquake Administration,beijing 100081,China 3. beijing Research Center of China National Offshore Oil Corp.,beijing 10002.,China institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China institute of geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China beijing Research Center of China National Offshore Oil Corp. Beijing China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 2.0 and 1000 - 2.00 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

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The age of the plant fossil assemblage in the Liuqu Conglomerate of southern Tibet and its tectonic significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 55-64页

作者： FANG Aimin1, YAN Zhen1, LIU Xiaohan2. PAN Yusheng1, LI Jiliang1, YU Liangjun1, HUANG Feixing2.and TAO Junrong3.(1.Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution, institute of Geology and {3., Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., China 2. institute of Tibet Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, China 3. institute of Botany, Chinese A cademy of Sciences, {2. 100093. China) Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China institute of Tibet Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China institute of Botany Chinese A-cademy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The Liuqu Conglomerate, situated to the south of Yarlung Tsangbo Suture Zone (YTSZ), is a suit of molasse formed in a foreland basin of the Himalayan orogenic belt after the collision between the two plates of the Indian and Eurasion, It is of great significance in constraining the younger limit time of the collision of the two plates and providing stratigraphic evidence to reveal the post-colli sional tectonic evolution and uplifting history of the Tibet plateau. However, the age of this molasse suit and its correlation to other synchronous strata distributed in southern Tibet have been in great disputes for a long time. Especially in recent years, argues on its ages are growing violently with the recognition of the great sedimentary tectonic significances of this molasse. During the field work carried out recently on this molasse suit, a lot of plant fossils were found preserved in fairly good conditions in the upper part of this strata, which is of great help in determining its age. By identification, the assemblage of the plant fossils belongs to a tropic to subtropic flora developed in the southern margin of the Northern Hemisphere supercontinent during the Middle to Later Eocene, which can provide good constraint on its formation age. This paper is to give a brief introduction of the plant assemblage and its age, and to discuss their tectonic significances.

关键词： Liuqu conglomerate plant fossils age Eocene Tectonic implications.

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Geophysical and Geological Features of the Meso-Cenozoic Lower Yangtze Rift Zone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第4期64卷 363-378页

作者： Chen Shengzao institute of geophysics, State {2. {3., beijing Zhu Lupei institute of geophysics State Seismological Bureau Beijing

It is clarified in this paper that the Lower Yangtze depression is a Meso-Cenozoic rift zone formed on thebasement of the Hercynian-Indosinian foreland basins. The rift zone is divided into eastern and western sectorsand is different in northern and southern parts. The rift zone in plane combination comprises *** or splitting rifts. The North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea region represents a 'drift-type' rift basinwhose deposition center migrates gradually castward. The formation mechanism and dynamic evolution of therift basin are discussed from a viewpoint of the crustal fine-structure, with evidence in geology and geophysicsand analysis results of dynamic forces given.

关键词： Geophysical and Geological Features of the Meso-Cenozoic Lower Yangtze Rift Zone

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Deep Structures in China and Its Adjacent Areas: Plate Tectonics and Its Metallogenic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第3期69卷 223-239页

作者： Chen Shengzao institute of geophysics, State {2. {3., beijing institute of geophysics State Seismological Bureau Beijing

This paper proposes a new tectonic pattern of the deep-seated structures in China and its adjacent areas (including the T - A - B system of the Ryukyu Islands). This is based on studies of the gravity field and gravity inversion coupled with the summation of the most recent achievements in geophysical studies. From a plate-tectonic point of view, the metallogenic characteristics and their indications at depth, as well as relevant geophysical-geological characteristics of four tectonic environments of the Chinese continent are analysed, and a classification of composite metallogenic provinces and belts and prediction of metallogenic prospects are made. The author extends the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling tectonic belt to the T-A-B system of the Ryukyu Islands through the NW deep boundary of the Hangzhou Bay, and also proposes the following basic views' the migration and superposition of tectonic environments led to the formation of a composite metallogenic system; the change in the tectonic environment resulted in the superposition of various types of mineral deposits; seismic activities and metallogeny are mutually inducing factors. These views will be helpful to a discussion on the tectonic environments and metallogenic regularities.

关键词： deep structure tectonic environment metallogeny

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Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 925-938页

作者： ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2. ZHANG Xiankang3. HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3. LIU Baojin3. ZHENG Rongzhang2.4 1. seismological {3. of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 3.0003.China 2. {2. of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,{3. 10002.,China 3. Research Center for Exploration geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002.China 4. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,{2. of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,{3. 10002.,China seismological bureau of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Research Center for Exploration geophysics China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in China, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 3.0}km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.2.km/s in which there is a 3.4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3.7.2.km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3.km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.2. km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive earthquake source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coasta

关键词： deep seismic reflection high-resolution seismic refraction wide-angle.

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“Tali Glaciation” on Massif Diancang

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第11期50卷 1685-1692页

作者： YANG JianQiang1, CUI ZhiJiu2. YI ChaoLu1, SUN JiMin3.& YANG LiRong3.1 institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, China 2.College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, {2. 100871, China 3.institute of Geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China institute of Geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The term of ''Tali Glaciation'' is nominated from Massif Diancang in Yunnan Province. The confusing process of the term''s being put forward is confirmed through literature checking. Based on several times of field trip, the glacial landforms in this region are studied in detail, and the magnitude of the glaciation was determined. According to the numerical ages from TL, AIMS ^(14)C and OSL dating, the earliest glacial advance on Massif Diancang occurred at 3.—40 ka BP, followed by the advances at the last stage of the last glaciation, the late glacial and neoglations in turn, until glaciers vanished at 1.2.1.5 ca. a BP in this region. It can be concluded that glaciers were limited above 3.00 m a.s.l., and no glaciers existed on the lower part and adjacent mountains since the last glaciation.

关键词： Massif Diancang,Tali Glaciation,glacial landform,glaciation sequence,numerical dating

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Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2. DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., China 2. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, beijing 10003., China 3. China University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. China 4. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, beijing 100812. China 6. institute of Geology, State seismological bureau, beijing 10002., China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Development and Research Center China Geological Survey Beijing China China University of Geosciences Beijing China China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing China institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North China, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North China platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North China Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North China platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North China craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North China platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North China in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Cosmogenic ^(2.)Ne concentrations and exposure ages of summit bedrocks in the Grove Mountains,Antarctica

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 518-521页

作者： KONG Ping1,2.DING Lin2.LAI QingZhou2.& HUANG FeiXin3.1 Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior,{3. of Geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{2. 10002.,China 2.Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift,{3. of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{2. 100085,China 3.{3. of Mineral Resources Research,China Metallurgical Geology bureau,{2. 10002.,China Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Mineral Resources Research China Metallurgical Geology Bureau Beijing China

Various sources of 2.Ne and 2.Ne exist in surface rocks:cosmogenic,in situ nucleogenic from internal U and Th,trapped crustal nucleogenic and trapped *** paper reports the first measurement,in China,of cosmogenic 2.Ne and 2.Ne in surface *** developed a unique sample pre-treatment procedure that effectively removed inclusions inside quartz grains,and thus maximally reduced nucleogenic contributions of 2.Ne and ***-heating experiments show that concen-trations of cosmogenic 2.Ne and 2.Ne in summit bedrock samples R92.2.and R92.3.from Grove Mountains,Antarctica,are(3.83.0.87)×108 and(5.2.±0.51)×108 atoms/g,*** corresponding minimum exposure ages are 2.2.0.5 and 3.0±0.3.*** indicates that the ice sheet in East Antarctica was uncovered the crest of Mount Harding,a typical nunatak in Grove Mountains,since at least mid-Pliocene.

关键词： 2.Ne cosmogenic nuclide exposure age Antarctica Grove Mountains

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