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Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

Science China(Technological sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： YANG Shengtian1 & LIU Changming1, 2.1. School of Environmental sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. institute of {2. Science and natural resources research, Beijing 100101, China Beijing Normal Univ Sch Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Inst Geog Sci & Nat resources Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982.1998, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982.to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4.00 km3, the evapotranspiration of 3000-3500 km3, and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

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Rocky Land Desertification and its Driving Forces in the Karst Areas of Rural Guangxi,Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 350-357页

作者： LIU Yansui WANG Jieyong DENG Xiangzheng institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing loolo~ ChinaGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

With a subtropical climate,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has a typical karst *** desertification has become a serious environmental issue due to its high vulnerability caused by the joint effect of natural settings and human activities,because of which its eco-environment has been deteriorated in recent years,and farmland has been disappearing sharply at the same ***,in turn,has exacerbated the poverty level in the rural areas of the *** this study,we monitored the spatial distribution of rocky land desertification and its temporal evolution using Landsat TM/ETM images of 1985,1995,2.00 and *** also analyzed the driving forces of the desertification and its *** constructing regression models by using all the relevant variables and considering the lagged effects as well as fixed effects,we quantified the exact role of different factors causing rocky land desertification in the study area with some new *** new findings in this study are greatly helpful for preserving,restoring and reconstructing the degraded mountain environment in Guangxi and other karst areas in Southwest China,and also for alleviating poverty in the rural areas in the future.

关键词： Rocky land desertification karstmountain area rural poverty driving force Guangxi Southwest China

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Introduction to the Special Issue on Eco-compensation in China

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Journal of resources and Ecology 2015年第6期6卷 353-354页

作者： XIE Gaodi institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research, cas Professor of institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research CAS Email: xiegd@igsnrr.ac.cnAddress:11-A Datun Road Anwai Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China

Owing to emphasis on economic growth since 1978 the ecological and environmental problems are continuously emerging in China especially in the river source areas and ecological fragile areas of China and thus,these areas have to face the conflict between economic development and environmental *** a result,it is an urgent need to establish a scientific and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism to coordinate the contradiction.

关键词：生态补偿机制生态环境问题生态脆弱地区经济增长环境保护经济发展科学合理河流

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Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第3期47卷 239-246页

作者： QIU Xinfa1, ZENG Yan2. MIAO Qilong1 & YU Qiang2.1. Department of Geography, Nanjing institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 2.004., China {4., Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 100101, China Nanjing Inst Meteorol Dept Geog Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Views diverge greatly on the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AE) and potential evapotranspiration (PE). Penman showed that AE is determined in intensity by PE and changes proportionally as a function of PE. In contrast, Bouchet indicated that AE deter-mines PE and varies inversely with PE. Based on nearly 30 years data from 4.2.weather stations and 512.hydrological stations in China, the two different theories, Penman抯 assumption and Bouchet抯 complementary relationship between AE and PE, were tested on nine river basins. With data integration technique, the complementary relationship between AE and PE was dis-played entirely. A general model to estimate the actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated surfaces by routine meteorological observations has been established on the basis of thorough analysis of the concept of PE. The results show that the calculations are all in error control of <10%, except for a few years over the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： complementary relationship of evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration.

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Relationship between land cover and monsoon interannual variations in east Asia

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Journal of geographical sciences 2002年第1期12卷 42-48页

作者： XIANG Bao, LIU Ji-yuan (institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research, cas, Beijing 100101, China) institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research CAS 北京 100101

Asian monsoon have multiple forms of variations such as seasonal variation, intra-seasonal variation, interannual variation, etc. The interannual variations have not only yearly variations but also variations among several years. In general, the yearly variations are described with winter temperature and summer precipitation, and the variations among several years are reflected by circulation of ENSO events. In this study, at first, we analyze the relationship between land cover and interannual monsoon variations represented by precipitation changes using Singular Value Decomposition method based on the time series precipitation data and 8km NOAA AVHRR NDVI data covering 1982.to 1993 in east Asia. Furthermore, after confirmation and reclassification of ENSO events which are recognized as the strong signal of several year monsoon variation, using the same time series NDVI data during 1982.to 1993 in east Asia, we make a Principle Component Analysis and analyzed the correlation of the 7th component eigenvectors and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) that indicates the characteristic of ENSO events, and summed up the temporal-spatial distribution features of east Asian land cover’s inter-annual variations that are being driven by changes of ENSO events.

关键词： east Asian land cover monsoon climate interannual variations Singular Value Decomposition ENSO events Principle Component Analysis

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N_2. emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain: the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 463-468页

作者： DONG Yun\|she 1,2.3 , Dieter Scharffe 2. Manfred Domroes 3, QI Yu chun 1, ZHANG Shen 1 (1. institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 100101, China E\|mail: dongys@*** 2. M 中科院地理科学与资源所北京 1 0 0 1 0 Max- Planck-institute of Chemistry 德国 Mainz 550 2 0 Mainz University 德国 Mainz 550 99

An enclosed chamber technique was used to measure N 2. emissions from intensively agricultural soils of the North China Plain during the periods of 1995—1996 and 1997—1998, to reflect distinct components of winter wheat and summer maize growing seasons. The results showed that the continuous application of fertilizer in agricultural soils increased N\-2. emissions by a factor of 2..1—2..1, the calculated annual chemical N fertilizer\|transformed N\-2.\|N emissions was 0.67%. Our results indicated that the application of organic manure also had a significant influence on soil N 2. emissions, which combined with the use of chemical N increased about 2.% in a year. It was calculated that there were about 0.11% N of organic manure transformed as N 2. N. Annual mean N 2. emission from our study area of fertilized soils was estimated to be 57.1 μgN 2./(m 2.h). A weak correlation was also found between N 2. emissions and soil available nitrogen content NH + 4.

关键词： N_2. emissions the North China Plain agricultural soils chemical nitrogen organic manure

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PLS path model building:A multivariate approach to land price studies-A case study in Beijing

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2009年第11期19卷 1643-1649页

作者： Wenjie Wu~(a,b),Wenzhong Zhang~(a,*) a institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research,cas,Beijing 100101,China b Graduate University of Chinese Academy of {2.,Beijing 10004.,China institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Previous studies have revealed that statistical methods can be used to analyze land-leasing parcel ***,the conventional statistical methods used in land analysis have some limitations,especially in cases of limited observational *** this paper,with the help of geographic information system(GIS) techniques,a partial least squares(PLS) path model is applied to study the relationship between residential land prices and various determinants through a case study of Beijing in *** a preliminary analysis,four latent variables are selected:accessibility of the workplace center,livability,traffic,and environment *** results show that the observation variables have a strong explanatory power for their corresponding latent variables,and the four latent variables have varying impacts on residential land *** the latent variables,accessibility to the workplace center has the strongest impact on the residential land price.

关键词： Land PLS path model GIS Beijing

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A research on development of agritourism in China-a case study of Beijing

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Journal of geographical sciences 2000年第4期10卷 82-88页

作者： GUO Huan-cheng, WANG Yun-cai (institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research, cas, Beijing 100101, China) 中科院地理科学与资源所北京

Agritourism is a new kind of industry which combined agriculture with tourism and started from the 1970s with the development of agricultural economy and meeting the demand of touring consumption. It is an important way to exploit natural resources sufficiently, change the simplistic structure and promote the high efficient agriculture. It provides a new space for people to enjoy themselves and appreciate rural scenery. In light of its function, it can be classified into sightseeing, dietetics, shopping, recreation, leisure, health and vocationing. At present, most agritourism is concentrated at the suburbs of big cities, comparative developed regions along the seashore, scenic spots nationalities inhabited areas and regions of special agriculture. Beijing is a metropolis where tourism is comparatively well developed with advantageous conditions. Agricultural landscape is the theoretical base of agritourism. So it is important to construct agricultural landscape and artificial landscape is the premise to develop agritourism.

关键词： agritourism agritourism types agricultural landscape distribution principle

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Aridity/humidity status of land surface in China during the last three decades

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： WU Shaohong1, YIN Yunhe1,2. ZHENG Du1 & YANG Qinye1 1. institute of geographical {2. and {4. resources research, Chinese Academy of {2. (cas), Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the cas, Beijing 100039, China 1. institute of geographical {2. and natural {4. research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the cas 100039 Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of China using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 4.0―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―14.0 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of China.

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.

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On arable land changes in Shandong Province and their driving forces

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第3期11卷 329-335页

作者： SHAO Xiao-mei, ZHANG Hong-ye (institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research, cas, Beijing 100101, China) institute of geographic {2. and natural {4. research

The decrease of total cultivated area and the lower per capita available arable land resource are now serious problems in Shandong Province, a major agricultural province in China. These problems will become more serious along with the further development of economy. In this paper, based on the statistical information at provincial and county levels, the changes of arable land in Shandong Province and their driving forces during the last 50 years are analyzed. The general changing trends of arable land and per capita available arable land are reducing, and the trends of decrease will continue when the economy is developing. The result of GIS spatial analysis shows that the change of the arable land use in Shandong Province has a regional difference. Eight variables having influences on cultivated land change are analyzed by principal component analysis. The results show that the dynamic development of economy, pressure of social system and progress of scientific techniques in agriculture are the main causes for cultivated land reduction. The principal factors which can be considered as driving forces for arable land change include per capita net living space, total population and per ha grain yield. By using regressive equation, along with analysis on population growth and economic development, cultivated areas in Shandong Province in 2.05 and 2.10 are predicted respectively. The predicted cultivated areas in Shandong will be 64.5.4. thousand hain 2.05 and 6336.2. thousand ha in 2.10 respectively.

关键词： arable land dynamic change driving forces principal component analysis Shandong Province

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