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Magnetic properties of Jiaxian red clay sequences from northern Chinese Loess Plateau and its paleoclimatic significance

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Science china earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1234-1245页

作者： QIANG xiaoke, AN Zhisheng, LI Huamei, CHANG Hong & SONG Yougui 1. SKLLQG, institute of earth {2., Chinese Academy of Sciences, xi’an 710075, china 2. Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china Chinese Academy of Sciences SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Xi’an China Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Guangzhou China

Detailed rock magnetism investigation of the Jiaxian red clay sequences indicated that there are common magnetic mineralogy properties in red clay and loess-paleosol sequences from the Chinese Loess Plateau as well as the marked properties of themselves, magnetic min-erals mainly with magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and possibly limonite/goethite contributing to the magnetic behavior. Meanwhile, it is found that the strong paleosol in red clay sequences has a lower coercivity and higher content of ultra-fine ferrimagnetic grains than that of the weak pa-leosol, which is similar to loess and paleosol in upper Wucheng Loess sequences, and indicates that humid conditions and relatively strong pedogenesis play a significant role in the increase of ultra-fine magnetic minerals and transformation of the magnetic minerals. This suggests that, like Quaternary loess-paleosols, the change of characteristics of paleoclimatic conditions of the late Tertiary red clay deposits is fluctuant. In addition, the results of magnetic hysteresis properties show that the applied saturated field for samples from the Jiaxian red clay sequences is higher than that of the samples from eastern and southern Chinese Loess Plateau. It is obviously shown that there exist more hard magnetic minerals and relatively weak biochemical processes in the Jiaxian red clay sequences on northern Chinese Loess Plateau. We conclude that the paleocli-matic environment is different between northern and eastern/southern Chinese Loess Plateau, and it should be more arid in northern Chinese Loess Plateau.

关键词： northern Chinese Loess Plateau, red clay, magnetic property, paleoclimatic significance.

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Paleoenvironments indicated by the fossil mammalian assemblages from red clay-loess sequence in the Chinese Loess Plateau since 8.0 Ma B.P.

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Science china earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 518-530页

作者： XUE xiangxu1,2. ZHANG Yunxiang1,2.& YUE Leping1,2.1. State Key Laboratory of Continent Dynamics (Northwest University), institute of Cenozoic Geology and environment, De- partment of Geology, Northwest University, xi’an 710069,{2. 2. institute of earth environment, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, xi’an 710075,{2. State Key Laboratory of Continent Dynamics (Northwest University) Institute of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an China institute of earth {2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China

Information from eleven profiles of eolian earthy red silty clay and loess of the middle of the Late Miocene to Holocene age have been studied and correlated. A complete summary profile with projected isotopic ages and fossil-bearing beds has been assembled. The profile is subdivided into 12.stratigraphic units proceeding from the lower (older) to the upper (younger) one. The character of mammalian assemblages contained in each unit was analyzed and the corresponding pa- leo-climatic environments were deduced. The environmental character of each period and the change from the middle of the Late Miocene at about 8.0 Ma B.P. up to the Holocene progressed from the hot semiarid and semi-moist, warmer-moist, warm-moister of the Late Miocene. To slightly less warm moist, cool-dry, slight-warmer-moister of the Pliocene; later the cool to cold dry periods alternated frequently with the mild semiarid and semi-moist periods of the Quaternary. Vegetation progressed from the grasslands with sparse woods, wooded shrub-grasslands and subtropical forest-grasslands of the Late Miocene age to sparse grasslands and dry grasslands of the Pliocene; and to sparse grasslands, dry grasslands and tundras of the Quaternary. The climate changes in the Neogene were of low-amplitute in a generally warm-humid background. Those of the Quaternary were of higher am- plitude with a longer phase. Cool or cold dry and slightly warm semiarid and semi-moist climates al- ternated on a generally cool-dry background. The tendency since the start of the Quaternary was the change to more northern and western shift in the Loess Plateau, with progressively cooler and dryer conditions. The dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the forming and expansion of the Arctic ice sheet might be the main reasons of the more pronounced changes in the Quaternary.

关键词： paleoenvironment, mammalian fossils, eolian red clay-loess sequence, Loess Plateau.

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The microtine distribution and its environmental significance since the Middle Pleistocene in Zhangping Caves of the Qinling Mountains

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Science china earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 294-299页

作者： LI Yongxiang1 & XUE xiangXu1,2.1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, institute of Cenozoic Geology and environment, xi’an 710069,{2. 2.institute of earth environment, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, xi’an 710075,{2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University Institute of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Xi’an China institute of earth {2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China

Three microtine species are recovered from the Zhangping Caves of the Qingling Mountains, namely Microtus oeconomus, Caryomys inez and Caryomys eva. They are climate-sensitive ones with different ecological habits, therefore their distribution well corresponds to environmental variations. Statistical comparison of the distribution of fossil microtines and their counterparts nowadays displays that the climate variation of the studied area and its contiguity since the middle Pleistocene are: warm and humid at 493 ka ago, cool and humid at 2.9 ka ago―cold and humid at 2.5 ka ago―cool and humid at 2. ka ago, and warm and dry at present.

关键词： environmental variation since Middle Pleistocene microtine fossils Zhangping Caves of the Qinling Mountains

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General inverse of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Molodensky formulae

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Science china earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 499-504页

作者： CHENG Luying1,2.& XU Houze1 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, china 2. xi’an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping, xi’an 710054, china institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China xi’an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping Xi’an China

The operator operations between the disturbing potential and the geoidal undulation, the gravity anomaly, the deflection of the vertical are defined based on the relations among the gravity potential, the normal gravity potential and the disturbing potential. With the sphere as the boundary surface, based on the solution of the external boundary value problem for the disturbing potential by the spherical harmonics in the physical geodesy, the general inverse Stokes’ formula, the general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula and the general Molodensky’s formula are derived from the operator operations defined. The general formulae can get rid of the restriction of the classical formulae only used on the geoid. If the boundary surface is defined as the geoid, the general formulas are degen- erated into the classic ones.

关键词： spherical harmonics, boundary value problem, general inverse Stokes' formula, general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula, general Molodensky's formula.

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environmental characteristics of Mid-Holocene recorded by lacustrine sediments from Lake Daihai, north environment sensitive zone,{2.

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Science china earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 968-981页

作者： SUN Qianli1,2. ZHOU Jie1, SHEN Ji3, CHEN Peng1,2. WU Feng1,2.& xiE xiuping1,2.1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of earth {2., Chinese Academy of Sciences, xi’an 710075, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china 3. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

Climate proxies, such as total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC, TN), carbonate content (CaCO3), grain-size and pollen of the sediment core retrieved from enclosed Lake Daihai which lies in the north china environment sensitive zone are analyzed to reconstruct the environment evolution of the area based on high-resolution radiocarbon chronology. The results reveal that the TOC and TN contents of the sediments correlate well with pollen percentage and pollen flux variations during the Holocene, and both reach their peak values simultaneously at 6.7―3.5 ka BP (calendar age, 7.6―3.6 ka BP). Since 6.7 ka BP, both the CaCO3 and organic matter contents of the core have simultaneous variations, and their high values also occur during 6.7―3.5 ka BP. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP (calendar age, 10―7.6 ka BP) relatively lower level of organic matter content and pollen flux corre- spond to the higher level of carbonate content. The above relations suggest that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the productivity and effective precipitation were greatly improved in the lake drainage area, and this would probably strengthen the hydrodynamic conditions, enhancing organic matter, pollen and carbonate inputs from terrestrial sources. Such processes would account for the enrichment of both organic matter and carbonate in the sediments. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP, the lower level of or- ganic matter, pollen flux but high carbonate content show depressed productivity and declined vege- tation coverage. The higher carbonate content at this stage would have probably resulted from the higher evaporation ratio of the lake water under relatively drier climate conditions. Therefore, it is in- ferred that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the climate was more humid with abundant rainfalls and vegetation was more flourishing in the Lake Daihai area. This can be seen as Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). As a result, this has evident discrepancies with the traditional notion that the HCO occurs at Early Holocene or early Mid

关键词： Lake Daihai, Mid-Holocene, lacustrine sediments, environmental characteristics.

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Comparison of eastern paleo-Tethyan ophiolites and its geodynamic significance--Evidence from Dur'ngoi ophiolite

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Science china earth Sciences 2004年第4期47卷 378-384页

作者： CHEN Liang1,2. SUN Yong1,2. PEI xianzhi2. Feng Tao2.& Zhang Guowei2.1. Open Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, xi抋n 710069, china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china Open Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi’an China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry of metabasalt from Dur抧goi ophiolite, Qinghai Prov-ince, NW china reveals the presence of DMM mixing with EMII components in its upper mantle source, which is comparable with present Indian MORB. Comparisons indicate that the geo-chemistry, chronology and source characteristics of Dur抧goi ophiolite coincide with Pa-leo-tethyan ophiolites from 揝anjiang?area. Together with evidences from regional geology in adjacent areas, this study proves that independent paleo-tethyan basins evolved contemporarily, the dynamics of which is attributed to the interaction of mantle plume with over-riding lithosphere.

关键词： ophiolite, Paleo-Tethys, DUPAL anomaly, Indosinian movement.

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Source time-function as discriminant using empirical Green's function

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Science china earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2118-2122页

作者： HE Yongfeng1,2.& CHEN xiaofei1 1. Department of Geophysics, School of earth & Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 2. North-West {2. of Nuclear Technology, xi’an 71002., china Department of Geophysics School of Earth & Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China North-West institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an China

The source mechanism of underground nuclear explosions is remarkably different from that of earthquakes in both spatial radiation pattern and source time-function (STF). Small underground nuclear explosions can be used as empirical Green’s functions (EGF) to isolate the source-time spectrum of a large suspected earthquake occurred in a Nuclear Test Site (target area) by the spectral division method. As this study shows, with high-quality data, the quotient spectrum can be transformed to the time domain, yielding the apparent far-field source-time function of the large suspected event. The relative source time-function (RSTF) of a nuclear ex-plosion is usually a simple pulse with a duration of about 1 s., while an earthquake’s is more complicated with a series of pulses and a longer duration. The RSTF can be used as a nice dis-criminant to distinguish the nature earthquakes from underground nuclear explosions in target areas.

关键词： target-area, empirical Green's function, RSTF.

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Characterization of MASDs of surface soils in north china and its influence on estimating dust emission

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第20期49卷 2169-2176页

作者： MEI Fanmin1,2. ZHANG xiaoye1, LU Huayu1, SHEN Zhenxing1 & WANG Yaqiang1 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of earth {2., Chinese Academy of Sciences, xian 710075, china 2. xian University of Engineering Science and Technology, xian 710048, china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China xi'an University of Engineering Science and Technology Xi'an 710048 China

The micro-aggregated size distribution (MASD) of surface soil is an important parameter for modelling dust emission. However, there is no dataset of MASDs of all sur-face soil types in north china. The MASDs are here pre-sented, measured by dry sieving, for typical surface soil sam-ples, including sandy soil, gravelly sand soil, gravelly loam soil, loam soil and silt loam soil, collected from sandy deserts, Gobi deserts, oases, farmlands in steppe regions and steppe areas in north china. The MASDs of various surface soil types exhibit a combination of several log-normal distribu-tions of five separated sizes with mean mass median diame-ters (MMDs) of 90, 2.0, 390, 600 and 980 mm, respectively, and mean standard deviations (SDs) of 1.2., 1.40, 1.2., 1.35 and 1.2. respectively. The log-normal distributions corre-spond to very fine sand, fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand and very coarse sand population. On the basis of characteri-zation of the retrieved MASDs of various surface soil types in north china, dust emission fluxes are modelled by a dust production model (DPM model). It is shown that dust emis-sion has been significantly influenced by MASDs. Fine sand and very fine sand are always associated with the highest dust emission fluxes. Emission fluxes of the medium sand, gravelly sand soil, gravelly loam soil and loam soil are lower than those of very fine sand and fine sand, but larger than those of the coarse sand. The differences in dust emission fluxes vary among the different soil types from 101 to 103 mg·m-2.s-1. Dust emission fluxes from sandy deserts and farmlands covered with sand sheets in north china rang from 101 to 104 mg·m-2.s-1 while those from Gobi deserts, farmlands and steppes with gravelly desertification range from 101 to 102.mg·m-2. s-1. The modelled results indicate that deserts and farmlands with sand are the major dust sources in north china.

关键词：华北地区 MASDs 微块状粒度分布地面土壤粉尘排放壤土大气污染气溶胶

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Grain-size features of a Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qinan: Implications on its origin

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Science china earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 731-738页

作者： QIAO Yansong1,3, GUO Zhengtang2.1, HAO Qingzhen1, YIN Qiuzhen1, YUAN Baoyin1 & LIU Tungsheng1 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china {2., Chinese Academy of Sciences, xi’an 710075, china 3. institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, china institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China institute of earth {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China

In this study, grain-size of 507 bulk samples from the QA-I Mioceneloess-soil sequence at Qinan were analyzed, and the grain-size features are compared with those oftypical Quaternary loess and soil samples, representative lacustrine and fluvial samples. Theresults indicate that the grain-size distribution pattern of the Miocene loess is essentiallysimilar to that of Quaternary loess, but greatly differs from the lacustrine and fluvial *** layers are regularly coarser than soil layers, indicating cyclical climate changes. Mediangrain-size along the 2.3.1 m sequence varies from 6 to 13 μm and the > 63 μm fraction representsonly 5.3% in maximum, 0.9% in average. Long-term grain-size variations are consistent with the loessaccumulation rate at Qinan and with the eolian mass accumulation rate in the North Pacific. Thesefeatures firmly indicate an eolian origin of the studied sequence, and also reveal a coeval changesbetween the long-term changes of eolian grain-size and continental aridity in the dust sourceregions.

关键词： Qinan, Miocene loess-soil sequence, grain-size, eolian origin.

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Muddy water seepage theory and its application

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第4期49卷 476-484页

作者： DANG Faning1, LIU Yunhe1, CHEN Junqiang1, ZHENG Zhongan2.& WANG Zhouyu2.1. institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, xi’an University of Technology, xi’an 710048, china 2. City Water Matter Bureau, Shizuishan 753000, china institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an China City Water Matter Bureau Shizuishan China

On condition that the seepage coefficients of sediment and stratum are nar- rowly or widely different, seepage stratum is homogeneous or layer. The muddy water seepage integral and differential equations based on Darcy’s law are established, and then their difference formula of the differential equations are derived. The method pre- sented was used in the deep recharge test in Shizuishan, where power plant cooling tail- ing water was used to recharge and mine deep underground water. This is firstly used in china. The law of sediment accumulation on the earth surface, and the rule of infiltration capacity changing with time are studied. The pattern of water table changing with time affected by the recharge irrigation is predicted.

关键词： seepage, sediment accumulation, seepage coefficient, muddy water seepage differential equation.

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