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Physical mechanisms of plant roots affecting weathering and leaching of loess soil

Science China Earth sciences 2006年第9期49卷 1002-1008页

作者： LI Yong1,2. ZHANG Qingwen1,2. WAN Guojiang3. HUANG Ronggui3. PIAO Hechun3. BAI Lingyu2.& LI Lu2.1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, institute of Soil and Water Conservation, chinese {2. of {3., Yangling 712.00, China 2. institute of agro-environment and sustainable development, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081, China 3. institute of Geochemistry, chinese {2. of {3., Guiyang 550002. China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangling China institute of agro-{2. and {3. development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China

Plant roots have potential impacts on soil mineral weathering and *** objective is to understand the physical mechanisms of plant roots affecting weathering andleaching of loess soil. Root densities were measured through the method of a large-size dug profile,and transport fluxes of soil elements were determined using an undisturbed monolith soilinfiltration device on the hilly and gully regions of the chinese Loess Plateau. The results showthat the improvement effects of soil environment by plant roots are mainly controlled by the densityand weight of the fibrous roots with the diameters less than 1 mm. Plant roots have the strongereffects on soil physical properties than chemical properties. The principal components analysis(PCA) indicates that soil physical properties by plant roots account for 56.7% of variations in soilenvironment whereas soil chemical properties and pH contribute about {3..{3. of the soil *** roles of plant roots in controlling soil weathering and leaching increased in the followingorder: infiltration enhancement > increase of bio-active substance > stabilization of soilstructure. The effects of plant roots on soil mineral weathering and leaching can be quantifiedusing the multiple regression models with the high prediction accuracies developed in this study.

关键词： plant roots, soil weathering and leaching rates, soil environment field, principal components analysis (PCA), chinese Loess Plateau.

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Analysis of tandem repeats in the genome of chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1462-1469页

作者： KONG Jie1 & GAO Huan2.3.1. Key Laboratory for sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Re- sources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheris Research Insti- tute, chinese {2. of Fishery {3., Qingdao 2.6071, China 2. institute of Oceanology, chinese {2. of {3., Qingdao 2.6071, China 3. The Graduate School of the chinese {2. of {3., beijing 10003., China Key Laboratory for sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources Ministry of Agriculture Yellow Sea Fisheris Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Qingdao China institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China The Graduate School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

Through random sequencing, we found a total of 884000 base-pairs (bp) of random genomic sequences in the genome of chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). Using bio-soft Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) software, 2.59 tandem repeats were found, in which there were 1714 mi- crosatellites and 445 minisatellites, accounting for 79.4% and 2..6% of repeat sequences, respectively. The cumulative length of repeat sequences was found to be 116685 bp, ac- counting for 13.2. of the total DNA sequence; the cumula- tive length of microsatellites occupied 9.78% of the total DNA sequence, and that of minisatellites occupied 3.42.. In decreasing order, the 2. most abundant repeat sequence classes were as follows: AT (557), AC (471), AG (2.4), AAT (92., A (56), AAG (2.), ATC (2.), ATAG (2.), AGG (18), ACT (15), C (11), AAC (11), ACAT (11), CAGA (10), AGAA (9), AGGG (7), CAAA (7), CGCA (6), ATAA (6), AGAGAA (6). Dinucleotide repeats, not only in the aspect of the number, but also in cumulative length, were the preponderant repeat type. There were few classes and low copy numbers of repeat units of the pentanucleotide repeat type, which included only three classes: AGAGA, GAGGC and AAAGA. The classes and copy numbers of heptanucleotide, eleven-nucleotide and thirteen-nucleotide primer-number-composed repeats were distinctly less than that of repeat types beside them.

关键词：虾遗传特性遗传基因 DNA

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Cloning and expression of putative ethylene receptor genes in soybean plant

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1152-1160页

作者： Xie Zongming1,2.3. Lei Gang1,2. Wuriyanghan Hada1,2. Tian Aiguo1, Zhang Jinsong1 and Chen Shouyi1(1. National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, {3. of Genetics and developmental Biology, {2. {3. of sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of {2. {3. of sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. Xinjiang {3. of agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 83.0}00, China) National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100101 China Graduate School Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100039 China Xinjiang academy of agricultural and Reclamation Science Shihezi 832000 China

Ethylene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses, and ethylene receptors have been identified and studied extensively in various plant species. Here we report the cloning of four ethylene receptor genes from soybean, i.e. GmETR1, GmERS1, GmETR2.and GmEIN4. Construction of the phylogenic tree showed that GmETR1 and GmERS1 belong to subfamily I whereas GmETR2.and GmEIN4 belong to subfamily II. The four ethylene receptor genes showed different tissue-specific expression patterns in roots, stems, leaves, cotyledons, flowers, pods and seeds of soybean. These genes were differentially regulated by various abiotic stresses and plant hormones. The possible roles of the four genes in soybean plant were also discussed.

关键词： abiotic stress expression analysis ethylene receptor plant hormone soybean.

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Land cover changes based on plant successions: Deforestation, rehabilitation and degeneration of forest in the upper Dadu River watershed

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2214-2230页

作者： YAN Jianzhong1,2.3. ZHANG Yili1, BAI Wanqi1, LIU Yanhua4, BAO Weikai5, LIU Linshan1, 2.& ZHENG Du1 1. institute of Geographic {3. and Natural Resources Research, {2. {3. of {3., beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the {2. {3. of {3., beijing 10003., China 3. College of Resources and {13., Southwest agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China 4. The Ministry of Science and Technology, P. C. China, beijing 100862. China 5. Chengdu institute of Biology, {2. {3. of {3., Chengdu 610041, China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing China College of Resources and environment Southwest Agricultural University Chongqing China The Ministry of Science and Technology P. C. China Beijing China Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

To link regional land use/cover changes with environmental effects, land cover changes are required to reflect vegetation successions, whereas the land cover classification systems commonly used nowadays cannot serve this purpose. In this paper, a new land cover classification system is established in which land covers are classified by the vegetation succes-sions, taking Zamtang County, Barkam County and Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed as a study area. Using multi-temporal remote sensing images, the land cover data of 1967, 1986 and 2.00 are obtained by means of integration of unsupervised classification and visual interpretation methods. The database facilitates the study of land use/cover changes, en-vironmental effects and ecological construction. Land cover changes reflect the main ecological processes in the upper Dadu River watershed. The landscape composed mainly of grasslands, wildwoods and alpine scrubs in 1967 was changed to that of grasslands, secondary forests, al-pine scrubs, fragmentary wildwoods, artificial forests, secondary scrubs in 2.00, meanwhile, the landscape got more fragmentized. The total area of the forests decreased by 9.43.. Study results have shown the process of restoration of logged areas in forest centers. From 1967 to 2.00, only 6.86 percents of logged areas were converted to shrubs, meadows or crop-lands, and the rest were converted into artificial forests or secondary forests. So the ecological shelter functions will be restored, stage by stage. Firewood collection, charcoal production and overgrazing are the three major triggers for the extensive degradation of alpine oak forests, Sa-bina tibetica forests and meadows. The arid valley grasslands expanded too. The degradation of vegetation in the southern slopes impairs ecological shelter functions and affects livelihood of local residents, so it is essential to find effective measures for ecological restoration and recon-struction. Field investigations have found

关键词： land use/cover classification, upper Dadu River watershed, vegetation successions, GIS, RS.

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Evaluation of sustainable Land Management and Diagnosis of Obstacle at County Scale in Sichuan Basin:Taking Lezhi County as Example

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 1046-1051页

作者： CHEN Guangjian 1, 2. 3., LIU Qing 1 1. Chengdu institute of Biology, chinese {2. of {3., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China 2. Graduate University of chinese {2. of {3., beijing 100049, China 3. {2. of Land Reconnaissance and Layout of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 61003., Sichuan, China Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing China academy of Land Reconnaissance and Layout of Sichuan Province Chengdu Sichuan China

This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2.01. The result showed that the land resource sustainable utilization ability in Lezhi County is belong to Second level （better sustainable）. Secondly, this paper diagnosed some years obstacles of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from base period to goal period and compared the obstacles factors in the indicators system. There were 16 indexes orderly become major affect factor to land sustainable utilization of Lezhi county in indicator system, of which there are 8 obstacles indexes exist both in 1990 and 2.01. The value of obstacles degree of five indicators exceeded 5 in 1990, but in 2.01, only two indicators＇ values were more than 5.

关键词： land resources sustainable land management assessment indicators diagnosis of obstacle

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Effect of 5'-deletion of Arabi-dopsis profilin2.promoter on its vascular specific expression

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第19期46卷 1627-1630页

作者： LIU Yuhui, WANG Zhixing & JIA ShirongBiotechnology Research institute, chinese academy of agricultural sciences,{2., China Biotechnology Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Based on the published sequence of profilin2.promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana, a full-length promoter (1667 bp) was amplified by PCR. The 5’ -end deletion fragments with length of 13.0, 1153. 969 and 597 bp were then fused with gus (uid\) gene respectively. Constructed plant expression vectors were individually transferred into Kalan-choe laciniata and transgenic plants regenerated. GUS his-tochemical assay confirmed that the full-length promoter Pfnl.7 was vascular-specific. Deletion assays showed that profilin2.promoter could be divided into three parts. Deletion of fragment 1 ( -1667 -13.0 bp) resulted in constitutive expression, suggesting that element(s) responsible for vascular-specific expression might exist in this region. Fragment 2.located at -1153.- -597 bp strongly inhibited gus gene expression. Fragment 3.( -597 - -1 bp) is considered as a basic domain of profilin2.

关键词： profilin2 promoter Kalanchoe constitutive expression vascular-specific expression.

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Value of ecosystem services in China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 870-876页

作者： CHEN Zhongxin & ZHANG XinshiLaboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, institute of Botany, chinese {2. of {3., beijing 100093. China Current address: institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081, China Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The function and services are the important components of the life-support system in theplanet, as well as the basic elements for sustainable development of {2. and society. It is a must to evaluate it for incorporating it with the social-economic system. It is also an important approach to draw the public attention on the {2.al and ecosystem conservation. In this study, the ecosystem function and services in China were estimated by employing the classification and economic parameters from Costanza et al. The type and area of terrestrial ecosystems were extracted from Vegetation Map of China (1:4 000 000), and then the distribution map of ecosystem services of China was drawn. According to our calculation, the total value of ecosystem services in China is 77 83..48×108 RMB yuan per annum. The value for terrestrial ecosystem is 56 098.46×108 yuan per annum, and that for marine ecosystem is 2. 73..02.108 yuan per annum. The value of ecosystem services in China is 1.73.times bigger

关键词： ecosystem function service.

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Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in China

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 120-127页

作者： WU WeiGuang 1,2.3.HUANG JiKun 1,3.& DENG XiangZheng 1,3.1 institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,{2. {3. of sciences,beijing 100101,China 2.Department of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Forestry University,Linan 3.13.0,China 3.Center for {2. agricultural Policy,{2. {3. of sciences,beijing 100101,China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Economics and Management Zhejiang Forestry University Linan China Center for chinese agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in China and the rest of *** with the national food security,China recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since *** curcas is one of major biodiesel ***,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas *** overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used as feedstock for biodiesel in *** on remote sensing data on land use,data on meteorological,soil and land slope,and suitable environment for Jatropha curcas plantation,this study uses {2. Ecological Zone method and considers social-economic constraints to evaluate potential suitable land for Jatropha curcas plantation in China's major Jatropha curcas production region,Southwest *** results show that while there are some potential lands to expand Jatropha curcas areas,amount of these lands will hardly meet the government's target for Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels development in the *** may need to reconsider its long-term targets on the development of Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels.

关键词： biodiesel Jatropha curcas potential land suitability evaluation Southwest China

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Palynological characters of Glycyrrhiza,Glycyrrhizopsis,and Meristotropis(Leguminosae),with special reference to their taxonomic significance

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 455-463页

作者： 1,2.ei MENG 2.iang-Yun ZHU 1(College of Biological sciences,China {3. University,{2. 100094,China) 2.{3. of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,{2. 100093.China) (College of Biological sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China) (institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

The pollen morphology of 11 species of the genus Glycyrrhiza *** one from each of the genera Glycyrrhizopsis Boiss.& *** Meristotropis Fisch.& *** investigated by scanning electron *** pollen morphology,the main differences between Glycyrrhizopsis and Glycyrrhiza are:Glycyrrhizopsis-pollen grains 3..63.× 40.42.μm in size,oblate spheroidal in shape;and Glycyrrhiza-pollen grains 2..47-3..18 × 2..82.3..83.μm in size,prolate spheroidal in *** and Glycyrrhiza should be recognized as two distinct genera based on palynological and morphological *** and Glycyrrhiza are similar in many important palynological and morphological characters,suggesting that the two should be *** Glycyrrhiza,two types of pollen grains,3.lobed-circular or subtriangular in polar view,are found in different species,in accordance with morphological differences in the two groups,shedding light on the classification and evolution of the genus.

关键词： exine sculpture morphological character pollen morphology taxonomic revision.

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Technological system for sustainable development of {2. agriculture

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Journal of environmental sciences 1994年第4期6卷 471-477页

作者： Zhang Renwu Ji Wenying Zhang Tong (agro-environmental Protection {2. , Tianjin 3.0191, China) Sun Hongliang ({2. of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081, China)

Along with the rapid development of economy, chinese agriculture with a long history is facingthe challenge from {2.. So, the technological system for {3. development of agriculturewith chinese characteristics, which are based on the eco-economic principle, should be establisbed throughusing the approach of system engineering, carrying on the cream of chinese traditional agricultural tech-niques and adopting modern agricultural techniques. The {3. development should be realized on thebasis of sound cycles of economy and ecology and coordinated development between {2.al protectionand economic growth or exploitation and regeneration of natural resources.

关键词： sustainable development technological system ecoeconomy sound circulation.

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