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Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern china

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chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2006年第3期4卷 51-57页

作者： Liu Houfeng1,2.1. Shandong Normal University, Jinan 2.0014. china 2. {4. Research Academe of Environmental Sciences, {2. 100012. china Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China chinese Research Academe of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern china are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, china should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.

关键词： ozone temporal and spatial characteristics 8h concentrations weekly variation

Principles and methods of quantitative analysis on b-axis disorder in 2.: 1 dioctahedral phyllosilicate

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第22期42卷 1908-1912页

作者： WANG Ling and ZHANG Zhenyu1. Changsha Institute of Geotectonics, chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 4.0013, china 2. Institute of Geology, chinese Academy of Sciences, {4. 10002., china Changsha Institute of Geotectonics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

IN XRD patterns of clay minerals, a phenomenon that strong peaks often have (00l) and(hkl) (k=3n) indices and show symmetric figures can be seen commonly, while a minorityof reflection peaks (hkl) (k≠3n) are comparat... 详细信息

关键词： b-axis disorder pyrophvllile 2 phyllosilicate clay minerals dioctahedral minerals orientating structure of hy-droxyls crystal structure analysis DTA-TG.

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated from a borehole

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第2期48卷 247-256页

作者： CHE Xiaohua1, ZHANG Hailan1, QIAO Wenxiao2.& JU Xiaodong2.1. Institute of Acoustics, chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080,{2. 2. Faculty of Natural Resources & Information Technology, University of Petroleum, beijing 102.4.,{2. Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Faculty of Natural Resources & Information Technology University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated by linear phased array transmitters in a fluid-filled borehole is carried out using a real axis integration (RAI) method. The main lobe width of the acoustic beams and the incident angle on the borehole wall can be controlled by means of adjusting parameters, such as the element number and the delay time between the neighboring array elements of linear phased array transmitter. The steered angle of longitudinal waves generated in the formation satisfies the Snell’s law for plane waves when the incident angle on the borehole wall is less than the first critical angle. When the lobe width of the acoustic beams is narrow and the steered angle is less than the first critical angle, the acoustic field in the formation can be approximately calculated given that the linear phased array is put in the formation without borehole. The technique of scanning radiation acoustic field can be applied to enhancing investigation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in crosswell seismic survey and borehole acoustic reflection imaging.

关键词： formation, linear phased array transmitter, steered angle, RAI, scanning radiation.

Characteristics of chlorine isotope distribution and analysis on sylvinite deposit formation based on ancient salt rock in the western Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1913-1920页

作者： TAN Hongbing1,2. MA Haizhou1, XIAO Yingkai1, WEI Haizhen1,2. ZHANG Xiying1 & MA Wandong1 1. Institute of Salt Lakes, chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, china 2. {2. School of the chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 1. Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences 810008 Xining China 2. graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

During formation of the Tarim Basin, there repetitively happened seawater invasion for it was ever connected with wide Paleo-mediterranean Sea. At the same time, for the applica-tion of tectonic and paleoenvironmental condition, the basin deposits many sequences of thick strata of evaporites, especially in its two largest subbasins of Kuqa in the north and Shaqa in the southwest. Therefore, the western Tarim Basin has been considered to be a favorable location to prospect ancient sylvinite deposit. But it is unfortunate that the Br×103/Cl ratio, as a common geochemical index to uncover clues of sylvinite deposit, is almost invalid to indicate the stage of ancient brine condensation for very low content of bromine in salt rock samples (less than 10?6 commonly) in the western Tarim Basin evaporites. Fortunately, we noticed recently that the val-ues of chlorine isotope (δ 37Cl value) for salt rock samples follow some clear laws from place to place, which in the Shaqa subbasin, all δ 37Cl values of salt rock samples behaved negatively and on the contrary, they all surprisingly showed positive values in the Kuqa subbasin. Based on conclusions of previous research and referring to the ratios of Br×103/Cl for salt rock or brine samples, we proved that the chlorine isotope (δ 37Cl) could be used as an effective index to find ancient sylvinite deposit in those evaporites rock basin with low content of Br element back-ground, such as the Tarim Basin. Thus according to the new index of chlorine isotope, we con-clude that the concentration of ancient brines formed ancient salt rocks is much more concen-trated in the Shaqa subbasin than that in the Kuqa subbasin. Particularly, the δ 37Cl value of salt rock in Kashi depression of the western Shaqa subbasin is greatly negative (

关键词： the Tarim Basin, chlorine isotope, ancient salt rock, ancient sylvinite deposit, deposit stage

Magma underplating and Hannuoba present crust-mantle transitional zone composition: Xenolith petrological and geochemical evidence

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1089-1105页

作者： FAN Qicheng1,2. ZHANG Hongfu1, SUI Jianli1, ZHAI Mingguo1, SUN Qian2.& LI Ni2.1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese Academy of Sciences, {4. 10002.,{2. 2. Institute of Geology,{2. Seismological Bureau, {4. 10002.,{2. 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of mineral assemblage, mineralogy, petrology, and major, trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite- and eclogite-facies accumulate, peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Hannuoba Cenozoic basalts, this work con-strained the petrological constituents for the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is supported by the results of high-temperature and pressure velocity experiments on rocks and geophysics deep survey. Present lower part of lower crust is mainly composed of granulite-facies mafic accumu-lates (dominantly plagioclase websterite) and crust-mantle transitional zone dominantly com-posed of eclogite-facies pyroxenites with or without garnet and spinel lherzolites; Archaean ter-rain granulite is only nominally early lower crust. Magma underplating in the crust-mantle boundary led to the crustal vertical accretion and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone, which is a significant mechanism for the chemical adjustment of the crust-mantle boundary since the Phanerozoic.

关键词： magma underplating, xenolith petrology, geochemistry, cust-mantle boundary constituent, Hannuoba.

Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Based on Support Vector Machine

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 897-900页

作者： YUAN Lifeng 1, 2., ZHANG Youshui 3 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 61004., Sichuan, china 2. {2. University of chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 3. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china Institute of Mountain Hazards Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu Sichuan China graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

Seven factors, including the maximum volume of once flow , occurrence frequency of debris flow , watershed area , main channel length , watershed relative height difference , valley incision density and the length ratio of sediment supplement are chosen as evaluation factors of debris flow hazard degree. Using support vector machine （SVM） theory, we selected 2.9 basic data of 37 debris flow channels in Yunnan Province as learning samples in this study. We create a debris flow hazard assessment model based on SVM. The model was validated though instance applications and showed encouraging results.

关键词： debris flow hazard assessment support vector machine (SVM)

AFM study on the adsorption and aggregation behavior of dissolved humic substances on mica

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第3期49卷 256-266页

作者： GE Xiaopeng1, ZHOU Yanmei2. Lü Chunhua1 & TANG Hongxiao1 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085,{2. 2. School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, beijing Jiaotong University, beijing 10004.,{2. 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. School of Civil Engineering & Architecture Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China

Humic substances constitute the major organic fractions of soils, sediments and natural waters, and play a dominant role in the binding, mobilization, transport and ultimate fate of organic contaminants in subsurface systems. In this paper, two humic acid samples, Guanting and Tianjin, with different origin and chemical compositions have been investigated with AFM imaging for their adsorption and aggregation behaviors on mica. While the Tianjin humic sample is found to form small spheres with 2.0 to 330 nm in diameter at lower concentrations, irregular loop-chain assemblies of hundreds of nanometer in diameter with the chain width of about 4. nm are dominant for the Guanting humic sample, which may attribute to the more polar aliphatic fractions in the chemical composition in the latter. The heterogeneous and polydisperse nature of humic substances with multiple structural features, such as sponge-like structures, perforated sheets, aggregate of spheres, branches and chain-like assemblies etc., is apparent at higher concentrations for both humic samples, showing morphologically new evidence for the dominant view of the humic dual-mode sorption model. With naphthalene introduced, the assemblies of Guanting humic substances clearly become more compact with significantly narrowed branches and less porous the perforated sheet-like structures. It is indica- tive of that smaller nanometer scale rings present along the perforated assemblies could potentially represent hydrophobic domains, which may facilitate the adsorption and aggregation of naphthalene onto the natural particle surfaces and therefore lead to an important role of dissolved humic sub- stances in the sorption of environmental pollutants.

关键词： atomic force microscopy (AFM) dissolved humic substances morphology aggregation adsorption

A formal model of fair exchange protocols

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Science in china(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： QING Sihan1,2.3 & LI Gaicheng1,2.3 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology, Institute of Software, chinese Aca- demy of Sciences, beijing 100080,{2. 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology, beijing 100080,{2. 3. graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039,{2. 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology 100080 Beijing China 3. graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

Y_CΩ_(2.)are easy terms

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第20期43卷 1707-1709页

作者： ZHAO Xishun 1 and WANG Ju 2.1. Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. Institute of Software, {4. Academy of Sciences, {2. 100080, china Department of Mathematics Nanjing University Nanjing China Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

For any natural number n≥1, Y CΩ 2. is an easy term; that is, for any λ term M, λβ+Y\-CΩ 2. =M is consistent, where Y C is Curry fixed point combinator, Ω 2. ≡ω 2. ω 2. and ω 2. ≡λ***...x (there are 2. occurrences of x after λx ). This result is a partial solution to Jacopini’s conjecture: Y CΩ n is an easy term for any natural number n≥2.

关键词： λβ-calculus Kuper’s theorem easy term.