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New type of potassium deposit: Modal analysis and preparation of potassium carbonate

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1932-1941页

作者： MA Hongwen1, FENG Wuwei1, MIAO Shiding1, WANG Yingbin1 & TIAN Shuxin2.1. National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 2.Tianjin Bureau of geological survey, Tianjin 300191, china 1. National Laboratory of Mineral Materials China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 2. Tianjin Bureau of geological survey 300191 Tianjin China

A kind of dolomitic mudstone newly found in North china has high amounts of K2. up to 10wB% in average, and potassium reserve is at superior scale. Mineral assemblage of the potassium ore indicates a specific and complicated geological environment under which the po-tassium deposit formed. Modal analysis of the potassium host rock shows that the principal min-erals in the ore include microcline, dolomite, and clay minerals such as illite, illite/smectite mixed layer, and kaolinite, attributable to a new type of insoluble potassium deposits in ore genesis. The experiments in this {2. demonstrated that with sodium carbonate as flux agent, the potas-sium ore could be decomposed with a proportion as high as 99.4% by calcinations at moderate temperature for no more than 1.5―2.0 h; more than 70% of K2. in the calcined materials were leached into the liquor, and by acidification reaction of the filter liquor, a large amount of impuri-ties such as Fe3+, Ti4+, Mn2., Mg2., and Ca2. were removed with precipitation of alumino-silicious colloid residue, which makes it possible to prepare potassium carbonate of electronic grade from the filter liquor, whereas the alumino-silicious residue could be utilized to make mineral polymer, a new type of inorganic construction structural materials. The current {2. shows that in-dustrial exploitation and comprehensive utilization of this new type of insoluble potassium re-source are feasible both in economic benefits and environmental kindness with the fairly clean production process as sketched in this paper.

关键词： insoluble potassium ore, dolomitic mudstone, modal analysis, potassium carbonate, mineral polymer

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中医膏方临床应用与制备工艺规范

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江苏中医药 2024年第11期56卷 1-7页

作者： Jiangsu research center for Chinese Medicine {2. Jiangsu Association of Chinese Medicine Jiangsu Association of Integrative Medicine 江苏省中医药发展研究中心江苏省中医药学会江苏省中西医结合学会

本文件为江苏省地方标准，编号：DB32.T 4870—2.2.。本文件由江苏省市场监督管理局2.2.年10月18日发布，2.2.年11月18日实施。本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2.2.《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文... 详细信息

本文件为江苏省地方标准，编号：DB32.T 4870—2.2.。本文件由江苏省市场监督管理局2.2.年10月18日发布，2.2.年11月18日实施。本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2.2.《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由江苏省卫生健康委员会提出并组织实施，由江苏省卫生健康标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：江苏省中医药发展研究中心、江苏省中医药学会、江苏省中西医结合学会、江苏省中医院、江苏省中医药研究院、江苏中药产业研究院。本文件主要起草人：黄亚博、霍介格、罗兴洪、冯广清、刘沈林、申春悌、段金廒、沈洪、束雅春、倪文澎、沈夕坤、刘产明、史亚祥、虞鹤鸣、陈竞纬、花海兵、强雨叶。

关键词：标准化工作导则工艺规范专利市场监督管理局标准化文件江苏省

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Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 131-139页

作者： HU GuoYi 1,2.3 ,LI Jian 1,2.,LI Jin 1,2.,LI ZhiSheng 1,2.,LUO Xia 1,2.,SUN QingWu 1,2.&MA ChengHua 1,2.1 research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development(Langfang Branch),Petro{2.,Langfang 065007,{2. 2.The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and development,Petro{2.,Langfang 065007,{2. 3 College of Geo-Resources and Information,{2. University of Petroleum,beijing 102.00,{2. Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Branch Langfang 065007 Peoples R China Petrochina Key Lab Gas Format & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China china Univ Petr Coll Georesources & Informat Beijing 102200 Peoples R China

The light hydrocarbon composition of 2.9 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of china have been determined and *** identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or *** differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been *** humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -2.‰,δ13C toluene >-2.‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-2.‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-2.‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene 2.‰,δ13C toluene 2.‰,δ13C cyclohexane 2.‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane 2.‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural ***,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced *** components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced *** paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas.

关键词： natural gas humic-sourced gas sapropelic-sourced gas carbon isotope light hydrocarbon parameters

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Improving the accuracy of image-based forest fire recognition and spatial positioning

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 184-190页

作者： JIANG LiLi 1,QI QingWen 1,ZHANG An 1,GUO ChaoHui 2.& CHENG Xi 1,3 1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,{2. 2.3} center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications,beijing 100094,{2. 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,{2. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China china Ctr Resources Satellite Data & Applicat Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Forest fires are frequent natural *** is necessary to explore advanced means to monitor,recognize and locate forest fires so as to establish a scientific system for the early detection,real-time positioning and quick fighting of forest *** paper mainly expounds methods and algorithms for improving accuracy and removing uncertainty in image-based forest fire recognition and spatial ***,we discuss a method of forest fire recognition in visible-light *** are four aspects to improve accuracy and remove uncertainty in fire recognition:(1)eliminating factors of interference such as road and sky with high brightness,red leaves,other colored objects and objects that are lit up at night,(2.excluding imaging for specific periods and azimuth angles for which interference phenomena repeatedly occur,(3)improving the thresholding method for determining the flame border in image processing by adjusting the threshold to the season,weather and region,and (4)integrating the visible-light image method with infrared image ***,we examine infrared-image-based methods and approaches of improving the accuracy of forest fire recognition by combining the spectrum threshold with an object feature value such as the normalized difference vegetation index and excluding factors of disturbance such as interference signals,extreme weather and high-temperature ***,a method of visible analysis to enhance the accuracy of forest fire positioning is examined and realized;the method includes decreasing the visual angle,selecting central points,selecting the largest spots,and judging the selection of fire spots according to the central *** studies are examined and the results are found to be satisfactory.

关键词： forest fire monitoring spatial positioning accuracy improvement

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Free Radicals in Organic Matter for Thermal History Reconstruction of Carbonate Succession

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 605-613页

作者： QIU Nansheng LI Huili JIN Zhijun and ZHU Yinkang 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,beijing 102.49 2.Basin and Reservoir {2. center,china University of Petroleum,beijing 102.49 3 Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development,SINOPEC,beijing 100083 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China Universityof Petroleum Beijing 102249

Geothermometer is one of the most useful methods to reconstruct the thermal history of sedimentary basins. This paper introduces the application of free radicals concentration of organic matter as a thermal indicator in the thermal history reconstruction of carbonate succession, based on anhydrous thermal simulation results of type I and H1 kerogen. A series of free radicals data are obtained under thermal simulation of different heating temperatures and times, and quantitative modds between free radical concentration （Ng） of organic matter and time-temperature index （TTI） for types I and type H1 kerogen are also obtained. This *** relation was used to model the Ordovician thermal gradients of Well TZ12.in the Tarim Basin. The modeling result is corresponding to the results obtained by apatite fission track data and published data. This new method of thermal history reconstruction will be benefit to the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation study and resource assessment of carbonate succession.

关键词： carbonate succession geothermometer free radicals of organic matter apatite fission track thermal history

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Biogas charging and dissipating process and its accumulation in the Sebei gasfield,Qaidam Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 36-44页

作者： JIN Qiang 1,CHENG FuQi 1,2.,SU AiGuo 3 ,ZHU GuangYou 3 ,WANG Li 1 &CAO Qian 1 1 china University of Petroleum,Dongying,Shandong 2.7061,china 2.{2. Institute of Shengli Oilfield,SINOPEC,Dongying,Shandong 2.7015,china 3 Petroleum Exploration and development Institute,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr Shandong 257061 Peoples R China SINOPEC Geol Inst Shengli Oilfield Shandong 257015 Peoples R China Petrochina Petr Explorat & Dev Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Sebei gasfield is the largest biogas accumulation found in china and many reservoirs and seal rocks superposed on a syndepositional anticline in *** biogas charging and dissipating process and its distribution have been a research focus for many *** authors suggest a diffusing and accumulating model for the biogas,as they find that the shallower the gas producer,the more methane in the biogas,and the lighter stable carbon isotope composition of *** on the diffusing model,diffused biogas is quantitatively estimated for each potential sandy reservoir in the gasfield,and the gas charging quantity for the sandy reservoir is also calculated by the diffused gas quantity plus gas reserve in-place.A ratio of diffusing quantity to charging quantity is postulated to describe biogas accumulating state in a sandy reservoir,if the ratio is less than 0.6,the reservoir forms a good gas-pool and high-production layer in the gasfield,which often occurs in the reservoirs deeper than 900 m;if the ratio is greater than 0.6,a few gas accumulated in the reservoir,which frequently exists in the reservoirs shallower than 900 ***,a biogas accumulation model is built up as lateral direct charging from gas source for the sands deeper than 900 m and indirect charging from lower gas-bearing sands by diffusion at depth shallower than 900 *** this charging and diffusion quantitative model,the authors conducted re-evaluation on each wildcat in the central area of the Qaidam Basin,and found many commercial biogas layers.

关键词： biogas charging and diffusing model relative dissipated quantity Qaidam Basin

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An analysis of seismic attenuation in random porous media

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 628-637页

作者： LIU Jiong1, BA Jing2. MA JianWei1 & YANG HuiZhu1 1 Institute of Seismic Exploration, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, china 2.{2. Institute of Petroleum Exploration & development, Petrochina, beijing 100083, china 1. Institute of Seismic Exploration School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The attenuation of seismic wave in rocks has been one of the interesting research topics, but till now no poroelasticity models can thoroughly explain the strong attenuation of wave in rocks. In this paper, a random porous medium model is designed to study the law of wave propagation in complex rocks based on the theory of Biot poroelasticity and the general theory of stochastic process. This model sets the density of grain, porosity, permeability and modulus of frame as random parameters in space, and only one fluid infiltrates in rocks for the sake of better simulation effect in line with real rocks in earth strata. Numerical simulations are implemented. Two different inverse quality factors of fast P-wave are obtained by different methods to assess attenuation through records of virtual detectors in wave field (One is amplitude decay method in time domain and the other is spectral ratio method in frequency domain). Comparing the attenuation results of random porous medium with those of homogeneous porous medium, we conclude that the attenuation of seismic wave of homogeneous porous medium is far weaker than that of random porous medium. In random porous media, the higher heterogeneous level is, the stronger the attenuation becomes, and when heterogeneity σ = 0.15 in simulation, the attenuation result is consistent with that by actual observation. Since the central frequency (50 Hz) of source in numerical simulation is in earthquake band, the numerical results prove that heterogeneous porous structure is one of the important factors causing strong attenuation in real stratum at intermediate and low frequency.

关键词： the theory of stochastic process the theory of Biot poroelasticity the attenuation of seismic wave inverse quality factor

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Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW china)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2.WANG XuLong3,ZHANG YueQian3,TANG Yong3 & SHI XinPu3 1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093,china 2.research Institute of Exploration and development,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china 3 research Institute of Exploration and development,Petrochina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,china 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. research Institute of Exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 3. research Institute of Exploration and development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： Petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar Basin

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The age of synthesis:From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第6期56卷 465-475页

作者： CAI ShuShan1,2.1 Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, beijing 10084, china 2.{2. for Psychology and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, beijing 10084, china Department of Psychology Tsinghua University center for Psychology and Cognitive Science Tsinghua University

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 2.th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2.00. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 2.st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 2.th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.

关键词：认知科学融合技术化学合成教育系统人力资源人类健康生物信息综合知识

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The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2.,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development,Petro{2.,beijing 100083,{2. 2.Exploration and development research Institute of Petro{2. Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,{2. 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,{2. University of Miningand Technology,beijing 100083,{2. Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Co Explorat & Dev Res Inst Xian 710021 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Key Lab Coal Resources Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos Basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

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