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Superconductivity of small metal grains

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第4期48卷 431-441页

作者： ZHENG Renrong1 CHEN Zhiqian2.& ZHU Shunquan1,3 1. department of Physics, Shanghai normal {2., Shanghai 2.02.4, china 2. department of Physics, southwest normal university, chongqing 400715, china 3. department of Computer and Electric Technology, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 2.1400, china department of Physics Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China department of Physics Southwest Normal University Chongqing China department of Computer and Electric Technology Shanghai Business School Shanghai China

The formulas of the energy gap and superconducting critical temperature appropriate for systems with both odd and even number of electrons are derived; the bases of the derivations are BCS theory and energy level statistics. Numerical results qualitatively agree with the experimental phenomena. i.e., the superconductivity of small metallic grains will first enhance then decrease to zero when the grain are getting smaller and smaller. The calculations indicate that the above phenomena happen in the metallic grains belonging to Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) and Gaussian Unitary ensemble (GUE) with zero spin; The superconductivity of small metallic grains in Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (GSE) will monotonically decrease to zero with the decreasing of the grain size. The analyses suggest that the superconductivity enhancements come from pairing and the balance of the strengths between spin-orbital coupling and external magnetic field. In order to take the latter into account, it is necessary to include the level statistics given by Random Matrix Theory (RMT) in describing small metallic grains.

关键词： size effect, superconductivity enhancements, small metallic grains.

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 423-432页

作者： ZHANG Dai-jun 1,2.(1. department of Environmental Science, chongqing {2., Campus A, chongqing 400044, china 2. Key Laboratory for the southwest china Resources Exploitation and Environmental Disaster Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, china.) department of Environmental Science Chongqing University Campus A 重庆 400044

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L·d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO -_2.N/(L·d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification(0.05 gN/(L·d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite(34.3 mg/L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.

关键词： methanogenesis denitrification ANAMMOX EGSB reactor

Ecological Footprint and Ecological Security Evaluation in the Upper Min River Basin

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第4期10卷 641-646页

作者： TU Jian-jun 1, 2.1. School of Resources and Environment Science, southwest china {2. university, chongqing 400715, china 2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, china School of Resources and Environment Science Southwest China Normal University Chongqing China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China

On the basis of the ecological footprint (EF) model, this paper studied theecological security in the Upper Min River Basin ecosystem. The result shows that with 2. 038 2.hm^2.er capita ecological capacity (0. 42. 2.hm^2.higher than per capita EF) ,and 165 82. hm^2.ecologysurplus , the ecosystem in Upper Min River is generally secure at present. But the arable land isoverweighed and omens an eco-security crisis. Meanwhile, problems such as low forest coverage rate,severe loss of water and soil,enlargement of arid-valley area, frequent occurrence of mountainhazards and degradation of pastures have been major threats to the eco-security of this region. Thecalculation result of ten-thousand-yuan ( RMB) GDP shows that the use of natural resources isextensive, and there will be a rapid increase tendency of EF in the future. In order to maintain thepresent eco-security, the ways of use natural resources must be improved in the Upper Min RiverBasin.

关键词： ecological security ecological footprint ecological capacity quantitativeevaluation the Upper Min River Basin

The resonance Rayleigh scattering of the interaction of copper(Ⅱ)-bleomycinA2.with DNA and its analytical application

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第3期53卷 618-624页

作者： LIU JiangTao1,LIU ShaoPu2.& LIU ZhongFang2.1School of Chemistry,chongqing normal {2.,chongqing 400300,china 2.chool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,southwest {2.,chongqing 400715,china School of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China

The forming of bleomycinA2.Cu(Ⅱ) cationic chelate and the interaction of the chelate with DNA have been investigated by using resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS),molecular absorption and fluorescence *** result shows that in aqueous solution,bleomycinA2.BLMA2. can react with Cu(Ⅱ) to form 1:1 cationic chelate which contributes to the changes of the absorption spectra and the quenched fluorescence of *** the cationic chelate further bound with DNA to form ternary ion-association complexes,the remarkable enhancement of the RRS intensity was *** this work,the optimum conditions for the coordination reaction of BLMA2.with Cu(Ⅱ) and some influencing factors have been *** reaction mechanism of BLMA2.Cu(Ⅱ) binding with DNA was suggested and a binding model was *** addition,the fluorescence quenching type of BLMA2.was investigated.A highly sensitive,simple and rapid new method for the determination of DNA by using BLMA2.Cu(Ⅱ) as RRS probe has been *** detection limits(3σ) are 7.2.ng/mL for ctDNA,7.1 ng/mL for sDNA and 18 ng/mL for *** method can be applied to the determination of trace amounts of DNA.

关键词： bleomycinA2 Cu(Ⅱ) DNA resonance Rayleigh scattering fluorescence quenching

Resonance Rayleigh scattering study of the interaction of bleomycinA_5 with nucleic acids and its analytical application

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Science china Chemistry 2007年第5期50卷 629-637页

作者： LIU JiangTao1,2. LIU ZhongFang1 & LIU ShaoPu1 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, southwest university,{2., china 2.department of Chemistry, Fuling normal university, chongqing 408000, china School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China department of Chemistry Fuling Normal University Chongqing China

The interaction of bleomycinA5 with nucleic acids has been investigated byusing resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS),molecular absorption and fluorescence *** resultshows that in near pH 2.2.buffer medium and absence of any metal ions,nucleic acids are capable ofbinding with bleomycinA5 (BLMA5) to form complexes which can remarkably enhance the RRS intensityand result in batho-chromic and hyperchromic molecular absorption of nucleic acids and fluorescencequenching of *** RRS spectral characteristics for the binding products of bleomycinA5with various DNA and RNA are similar,and the maximum RRS peaks are at 301 nm for ctDNA and sDNA,370nm for hsDNA,310 nm for RNAtypeVI and RNAtypelll,*** increments of RRS intensity aregreatly different in which DNA enhances greatly and RNA enhances *** this work,the optimumconditions of the interaction and some influencing factors have been *** reactionmechanism and a binding model for the interaction of BLMA5 with the nucleic acids are ***,a highly sensitive,simple and rapid new method for the determination of DNA has *** detection limits (3 sigma) are 5.7 ng/mL for ctDNA,7.4 ng/mL for sDNA and 9.2.ng/mLfor hsDNA,*** method can be applied to determination of trace amounts of DNA.

关键词： bleomycinA5, nucleic acids, resonance Rayleigh scattering, fluorescence quenching, absorption spectrum.

Studies on the microstructure,optical and electrical properties of organic microcavity devices based on a porous silicon reflector

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第2期48卷 191-201页

作者： XIONG Zuhong1, FAN Yongliang2. ZHAN Yiqiang2. ZHANG Songtao2. DING Xunmin2.& HOU Xiaoyuan2.1. School of Physics, southwest china-{2. university, chongqing 400715, china 2. Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Fudan university, Shanghai 2.0433, china School of Physics Southwest China-Normal University Chongqing China Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory) Fudan University Shanghai China

A novel type of microcavity organic light-emitting diode based on a porous silicon distributed Bragg reflector (PS-DBR) has first been achieved and its microstructure, optical, and electrical properties have also been investigated in detail. The microcavity is made up of the central active organic multilayer sandwiched between a top silver film and a bottom PS-DBR, formed by electrochemical etching of p++-Si substrate. The field- emission scanning electron microscopy cross-section images show the nanometer-scale layered structure and flat interfaces inside the microcavity. The reflectivity (relative to an Al mirror) of the PS-DBR is up to 99%, and the stopband is about 160 nm wide. Resonant cavity mode appears as a tip in the reflectivity spectrum of the Si-based organic multilayer films, which is a symbol that the Si-based organic multilayer structure is indeed a microcavity. The peak widths of the electroluminescence (EL) spectra from the cavities emitting green and red light are greatly reduced from 85 nm and 70 nm to 8 nm and 12.nm, respectively, as compared with those measured from non-cavity structures. Note that the EL emission from the cavity devices is single-mode, and the off-resonant optical modes are highly suppressed. Moreover, increases of a factor of about 6 and 4 of the resonant peak intensity from the cavities emitting green and red light are also observed, respectively. In addition, the current-brightness-voltage characteristics and effect parameters on the lifetime of the cavity devices are also discussed. The present technique for obtaining enhanced EL emission from Si-based organic microcavity may also be another novel effective method for realizing Si-based optoelectronics device integration.

关键词： electrochemical etching, Si-based microcavity, electroluminescence, organic light-emitting diodes.

The joint limiting distribution of maxima with random indexes and sums of normal sequence

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西南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 1998年第5期23卷 1-6页

作者： Xie Shengrong department of Mathematics, southwest{2. normal university, chongqing 400715

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐａｐｅｒｓｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｔｈｅｊｏｉｎｔａｓｙｍｐｔｏｔｉｃｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆ∨ｎ１Ｘｉａｎｄｎ１Ｘｉｏｆｗｅａｋｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｔ... 详细信息

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐａｐｅｒｓｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｔｈｅｊｏｉｎｔａｓｙｍｐｔｏｔｉｃｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆ∨ｎ１Ｘｉａｎｄｎ１Ｘｉｏｆｗｅａｋｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ｛...

关键词： joint limiting distribution maximum random index sum normal sequence

Study of immunological activity of coarse polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei murrill

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西南师范大学学报(自然科学版) 1999年第5期24卷 594-600页

作者： Tang Wei 1,Wang Qijun 2.1 College of Physical Education,southwest china {2. university,chongqing 400715 2.southwest Agricultural university,chongqing 400716 西南师范大学体育学院重庆西南农业大学重庆

The coarse polysaccharide extracted from the mycelium of Agaricus blazei Murrill was served as our experimental materials. The results exhibited that it can significantly increase spleen index and phagocytic rate of macrophage and strengthen non specific immunological level of organism. It can obviously raise rosette formation percentage of active T lymphocytes(Ea%) to promote the cellular immunological level of organism. Besides, it can noticeably increase the content of haemolysin that is a circulating antibody to enhance the immunological level of body fluid. Therefore, coarse polysaccharide of A. blazei Murrill has wide applications in health care and medicine and it is a good immune strengthening agent.

关键词： Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharide immunological activity \

Fuzzy controllers based on some fuzzy implication operators and their response functions

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第1期14卷 16-21页

作者： LI Hongxing 1*, YOU Fei 1 and PENG Jiayin 2.1. department of Mathematics, Beijing normal {2., Beijing 100875, china 2. department of Mathematics, Neijiang Teacher's College, Neijiang 641112. china) Beijing normal Univ Dept Math Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

The fuzzy controllers constructed by 2. fuzzy implication operators based on CRI algorithm and their response functions are discussed. The conclusions show that the fuzzy controllers constructed by 9 fuzzy implication operators are universal approximators to continuous functions and can be used in practical fuzzy control systems. And these 9 fuzzy implication operators except for Einstein operator intersection are all the adjoint pairs of some fuzzy implication operators. Besides, there are 3 other fuzzy controllers formed by fuzzy implication operators being regarded approximately as fitted functions.

关键词： fuzzy implication operators CRI algorithm fuzzy controllers response functions universal approximators