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Variation of karst spring discharge in the recent five decades as an indicator of global climate change: A case study at Shanxi, northern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2001-2010页

作者： GUO Qinghai1, WANG Yanxin1, MA Teng1 & LI Luxiu2.1. School of Environmental Studies, china university of {2., wuhan 43.074, china 2. Office of Water Resource Management of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, china School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Office of Water Resource Management of Shanxi Province Taiyuan China

Karst in Shanxi Province is representative of that in northern china, and karst water systems discharge in the form of springs that are among the most important sources for local water supply. Since the 1950s, attenuation has been the major trend of discharge variation of most karst springs at Shanxi. Based on the case study of 7 karst springs including Niangziguan, Xin’an, Guozhuang, Shentou, Jinci, Lancun, and Hongshan springs, the discharge variation process of karst springs was divided into natural fluctuation phase and anthropogenic impact phase. Discharge attenuation of the 7 karst springs was controlled mainly by climate and human activities, with their contributions being respectively about 60% and 40%. According to the dif-ference of the effect of climate and human activities for each spring, attenuation modes of spring discharge fall into three types: natural process dominated attenuation type, exploitation induced process dominated attenuation type, and mixed attenuation type. The total restored discharge variation of 7 karst springs matched well with the global air temperature change in 1956―2.00, clearly indicating the trend of global warming and aridity in the last several decades, and the analysis of discharge variation processes of karst springs can be used as a new tool for global change studies.

关键词： karst, Shanxi, spring discharge, attenuation, climate, human activity, global change

Comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of "chimney effect" using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第9期43卷 743-748页

作者： LIU Qingsheng 1, CHENG Tongjin 2.and LIU Shugen 3 1. Department of Applied Geophysics, china university of {2., wuhan 43.074, china 2. Center of Petroleum Geochemistry, china National Star Petroleum Corporation, Hefei 2.002., china 3. The St Department of Applied Geophysics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Center of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Star Petroleum Corporation Hefei China The State Key Laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation of china Chengdu Institute of Technology Chengdu China

Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.

关键词： chimney effect (CE) hydrocarbon microseepage oil/gas accumulation.

Differential retardation of organic matter maturation by overpressure

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 783-793页

作者： HAO Fang1,2. JIANG Jianqun1, ZOU Huayao1, FANG Yong1 & ZENG Zhiping2.1. Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the Ministry of Education, Petroleum university, Beijing 102.49, china 2. Department of Petroleum Geology, china university of geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the Ministry of Education Petroleum University Beijing China Department of Petroleum Geology China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

The thermal evolution of organic matter (OM) is composed of a series of reactions that are paralell and successive with each other. Different reactions have different activation energy, different rates of product concentration variation, and different volume expansion effects, and therefore have different responses to overpressure, which determines the differential retardation of different OM maturation reactions and maturity parameters. Based upon comprehensive studies on the OM maturation in different pressure systems in the Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Bohai Bay basins, 4 hierarchies of overpressure retardation have been recognized. (1) OM maturation in all aspects has been retarded by overpressure. (2. The thermal evolution of hydrocarbons and thermal degradation of hydrogen-rich kerogens has been retarded, but the thermal evolution of hydrogen-poor kerogen components has not been affected by overpressure. As a result, vitrinite reflectance has not been retarded. (3) The thermal cracking of hydrocarbons has been retarded, yet overpressure has had little or no effect on thermal degradation of kerogens. (4) Overpressure has no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. The hierarchy that overpressure has retarded all aspects of OM maturation is the combined result of early overpressure (overpressure began to develop when the source rock was still immature) and the protracted maintenances of closed fluid system. Any case that overpressure had developed too late, or overpressure was too small to reach the threshold values, or overpressured fluid had been frequently released, could give rise to the occurrence of state 4 that overpressure had no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. It seems that in many basins, overpressure retardation of hierarchies 2.and 3 developed where the most commonly used maturity parameter, vitrinite reflectance, had not been affected. In theses cases, multiple parameters must be used to distinguish overpressure retardati

关键词： overpressure, organic matter maturation, hydrocarbon generation, differential retardation.

Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2. TONG Jinnan3, QIU Haiou4 & ZHAO Laishi3 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china 2. Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou 450007, china 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china university of geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 4. Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, china university of geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china university of {2. Wuhan China Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13C background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13C values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.

Pioneer organisms after F-F mass extinction in Dushan region,Guizhou Province,and their significance in establishing new ecosystem

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 449-460页

作者： WANG Yue1, 2. WANG Xunlian1 & SHI Xiaoying1 1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, china university of {2., Beijing 100083, china 2. School of Resources and Environment, Guizhou university, Guiyang 550003, china School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China School of Resources and Environment Guizhou University Guiyang China

After mass extinctions, most areas became “ecologically barren areas” lacking or even without ecosystem over an extensive region. Studying the pioneer organisms and the reconstruction process of a new ecosystem in the “ecologically barren area” is very important for revealing the evo- lution after bio-mass extinctions. In the Dushan region, Guizhou Province, china, the trace fossils appeared and flourished evidently earlier than body fossils after Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction. The pioneer organisms and pathfinders in the “ecologically barren areas” are the trace-makers that are deposit-feeders with relatively simple structure and conformation on or near the deposit surface. The trace-makers have undergone an evolutionary process that their trace structures changed from simple to complex, and their living and moving areas and spaces enlarged from linear to planar and then to three-dimension spaces. Those characters show that the ability of the trace-makers to deposits and their efficiency of looking for food have been enhanced gradually and that those trace-makers constructed gradually a base for the new ecosystem. This process is similar to that of the trace fossils near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. In the Dushan area, only the recovery intervals have been identified for the Famennian body fossils, with no eminent radiation interval recognizable due to the Devonian-Carboniferous (C-D) mass ex- tinction. However, both the recovery and radiation intervals may be clearly recognized in the Famen- nian trace fossils based on their conformation and diversity. The evolution and diversification of the trace fossils in the “ecologically barren area” is considered to have played a role of necessary foun- dation for the recovery of body fossils in the ecological chain. With the gradual disappearance of the unfavourable environment factors resulting in the F-F mass extinction, a new ecosystem was reconstructed in the “ecologically barren area” through a three-

关键词： pioneer organisms, reconstruction of ecosystem, trace fossils, F-F mass extinction, Later Devonian, Dushan region, Guizhou Province, china.

Petrogenesis and dating of the Kangding complex,Sichuan Province

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第5期48卷 622-634页

作者： CHEN Yuelong 1 , LUO Zhaohua 1 , ZHAO Junxiang, LI Zhihong, ZHANG Hongfei & SONG Biao 3 1. Faculty of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources, china university of {2., Beijing 100083, china 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china university of {2., wuhan 43.074, china 3. Beijing SHRIMP Center, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, china Faculty of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

An analysis of major and trace element geochemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of mafic, intermediate, and felsic rocks from the Mianning metamorphic complex of Si- chuan Province was conducted. One of our conclusions is that a majority of the zircons crystal- lized between 72. and 773 Ma in a magmatic regime. The complexes contain early to late Pa- leo-proterozoic relict zircons from ancient continental crust. The oldest age, 2.68 Ma, may rep- resent the basement of the Yangtze block. Overgrowth zircon rims and palingenetic zircons have been observed and dated, and are believed to have formed after crystallization, during Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic-anatexis. We also conclude that depletion of Nb, Ta, HREE, in a spider-diagram normalized to primitive mantle and calc-alkaline association, implies that they formed in island-arc or under-plating settings.

关键词： Kangding complex, zircons, SHRIMP, tectonic setting.

Petrological Study on the Ductile Shear Zones in the Core of the Eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt in Western Henan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第4期64卷 379-391,463页

作者： Zhong Zengqiu You Zhendong Suo Shutian china university of {2., wuhan, Hubei Jiang Minxi china university of {2. Wuhan Hubei

A series of ductile shear zones of the overthrust and strike-slip-types and related ductile shear metamorphicrocks, including tectonic melange and mylonites. were formed in the core of the Qinling orogenic belt in thecourse of the Caledonian-Indosinian ductilc and brittle-ductile reworking. The study on their petrography. va-riations in composition and conditions of formation is conducive to revealing the metamorphism-deformationhistory of the core of the Qinling orogenic belt and further to understanding the dynamic mechanism of its evo-lution.

关键词： Petrological Study on the Ductile Shear Zones in the Core of the Eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt in Western Henan Core

The feature study on the π and proton rapidity distributions at AGS, SPS and RHIC

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第2期52卷 198-206页

作者： FENG ShengQin1,2.& YUAN XianBao1,3 1 College of Science, china Three Gorges university, Yichang 443002. china 2.School of Physics and Technology, wuhan university, wuhan 430072. china 3 Institute of Particle Physics, Central china Normal university, wuhan 430070, china College of Science China Three Gorges University Yichang China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan China Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan China

The features of nuclear stopping power and multi-hadron production systematically are studied by making an analysis of rapidity distributions of pion and proton at AGS, SPS and RHIC in this work. It is found that nuclear stopping power increases linearly with project rapidity yp at AGS and SPS, but that is not liner at RHIC. It is argued that the average rapidity loss is saturated at central rapidity region at RHIC. For pion distribution, it is found that the phase space of pion distribution distributes uniformly in the longitudinal direction,and a linear relationship of L with log s is given at AGS and SPS. Non-uniform flow model may explain the features of the distribution at AGS and SPS, but may not ex- plain those of at RHIC.

关键词： non-uniform flow model average rapidity loss baryon number density nuclear stopping power

1.55 μm Wavelength Operation of E_r^(3+) -Doped Optical Fiber Bistability

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wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 1999年第4期4卷 435-438页

作者： SONG Qian 1, ZHANG Yuan cheng 2.1. College of Electronics Information, wuhan university, wuhan 430072. china 2. Department of Physics, wuhan university, wuhan 430072. china wuhan university College of Electronics Information Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***) wuhan university Department of Physics Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

An all optical all fiber optical bistability operation has been realized in an all fiber cavity consisted with Er doped fiber and optical fiber loop mirrors. The experimental bistability threshold is consistent w... 详细信息

关键词： optical nonlinearity optical bistability Er doped fiber all fiber device