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Influence of valence electron structures of phase and biphase interfaces of sulfides on hot brittleness in steel

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 488-504页

作者： LIU Yan1,3, LIU Zhilin1, ZHANG Chengwei1,2.& ZHOU Yingchun1 1. Liaoning Institute of Technology, Jinzhou 12.001, china 2. china national oil and gas exploration and development corporation, Beijing {2., china 3. College of Science, Northeastern University, Shengyang 110006, china 1. Liaoning Institute of Technology 121001 Jinzhou China 2. College of Science Northeastern University 110006 Shengyang China 3. china national {2. and gas exploration and development corporation 100011 Beijing China

This paper calculates the electron structures of phase of FeS, MnS and their biphase interface electron structures with austenite in steel. The precipitation and the transformation of FeS and MnS are investigated through studying the valence electron pair numbers on the strongest bond n A with the structure formation factor S. The continuity of electron density and its relation with stress are explored in the biphase interfaces with the electron density difference απ Using n A, S, απ we explain the reason why FeS can bring about hot brittleness in steel and the physical mechanism why MnS may eliminate or inhibit hot brittleness, based on which satisfying results are obtained by calculating several rare-earth sulfides.

关键词： valence electron structure, sulfide, hot brittleness, and rare earth.

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.49, china 2. The Institute of {2. and gas exploration and development, Tarim {2.field Company, Petrochina Company Limited, Korla 841000, china) [a]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University Beijing China [b]The Institute of oil and gas {2. and development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2. LU Yuanzheng1,2.3 & XU Daoyi4 1. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, Beijing 100083,{2. 2. Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir of Petrochina, Beijing 100083,{2. 3.{2. University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,{2. 4. Institute of Geology,{2. Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002.,{2. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir of Petro{2. 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

Contributors and potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks by solid-state ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第6期42卷 478-481页

作者： WANGZhaoyun, ZHAO Changyi, CHENG Keming and LU Qinghua1. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development,{2. national Petroleum corporation, Beijing 100083,{2.:2. University of Petroleum, Beijing, 100083{2. Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China University of Petroleum Beijing China

SOLID-STATE 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） technique is an effective method to study the texture of material. Under the condition of high magnetic field （400 MHz） and by the application of cross polarization, magic angle spinning （CP/MAS）, total sideband suppression （TOSS）, etc., the content of different textural carbons in kerogen has been quantitatively analyzed by the solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of a series of kerogen of thermal simulation samples with Ro value ranging from 0.64% to 1.76%. The results show that

关键词： solid 13C NMR analysis aliphatic carbon potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.

A new alternating copolymerized derivative as a cold flow improver for diesel fuel

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 82-85页

作者： ZHANG Haikuan LIU Hongyan WANG Shujun State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China china national {2. ＆ gas exploration and development corporation China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100034 China

Synthesis of a cold flow improver （MAVA-a） for diesel fuel and its effect on solidifying point （SP） and cold filter plugging point （CFPP） of diesel fuels were investigated, The cold flow improver was prepared by using maleic anhydride （MA） and vinyl acetate （VA） as raw materials, toluene as solvent, dibenzoyl peroxide （BPO） as initiator, through alternating polymerization under nitrogen to obtain a binary-polymer and then through aminolysis by using a higher carbon amine as aminating agent at a temperature of 80 ℃. A cold flow improver was designed and prepared for No. 0 diesel fuel from Zhang Jia-Gang Petrochemical Company according to the contents of n-paraffin and its carbon number distribution in the No. 0 diesel fuel. It was also used together with two kinds of ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer improvers （EVA） separately. The test result showed that the CFPP of the No. 0 diesel fuel could be lowered by 3-5 ℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used. The CFPP was lowered by 8℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used together with EVA-2.

关键词： Cold flow improver solidifying point cold filter plugging point copolymer amination

Hydrogen isotopic compositions, distributions and source signals of individual n-alkanes for some typical crude oils in Lunnan oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW{2.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1220-1226页

作者： LU Hong1, LI Chao1, SUN Yongge1, PENG Ping’an1 & XIAO Zhongyao2.1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, china 2. Tarim Research Institute of exploration and {2. of Petroleum, china Petroleum, Korla 841000, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 510640 Guangzhou China 2. Tarim Research Institute of exploration and development of Petroleum China Petroleum 841000 Korla China

Isotopic compositions of carbon-bound hydrogen in individual n-alkanes from sev-eral typical crude oil samples from Lunnan oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW{2., were firstly measured using newly developed gas chromatography-thermal conversion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The similar range of δ D of individual n-alkanes of crude oils among reservoirs of different geo-logical times reflects that hydrocarbons are all derived from the same marine depositional envi-ronment. Compared to the theoretic value (?150‰) and the reported δ D values (nC13―nC2., ?160‰―?90‰) of individual n-alkanes for Ordovician-sourced crude oils in the Canadian Wil-liston Basin, the hydrogen isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes in crude oils from Lunnan oilfield is characterized by heavy hydrogen isotopic values (nC12.nC2., ?12.‰―?60‰). In terms of the factors that control the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes, relatively saline deposi-tional environment and higher thermal maturation were attributed to the heavy δ D values of in-dividual n-alkanes in crude oils from Lunnan oilfield.

关键词： hydrogen isotopes, individual n-alkanes, distribution, hydrocarbon source, Lunnan oilfield.

Forecast and analysis of the "roof effect" of world net oil-exporting capacity

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Petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 365-370页

作者： TONG Xiaoguang ZHAO Lin WANG Zhen ZHANG Haiying School of Business China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China china national {2. and gas exploration and development corporation Beijing 100034 China

oil is extremely crucial to the development of the modern economy. It is important to forecast the oil supply capacity due to its scarcity and non-renewability. This paper attempts to forecast and analyze thirty-five current and potential net oil-exporting countries. Integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods, the oil production and consumption are predicted based on historical data, so that the world net oil-exporting capacity can be obtained. The results show that the ＂roof effect＂ of the world net oil-exporting capacity may appear before 2.30. Unconventional oil will play an important role in the future world oil market. The competition and cooperation relationships between OPEC and non-OPEC will last for a long time.

关键词： oil production oil consumption net oil-exporting capacity roof effect

Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5—C13 hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2. Zhao Hong2.3, Xu Guanjun1,4, Zhu Cuishan2.3, Xiao Tingrong4, Zhang Min2.3 and Zhang Bin1,4(1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, china national Petroleum {2., Beijing 100083, china 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43402., china 3. Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for oil and gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43402., china 4. Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory, Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083, china) Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for oil and {2. Resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5975 MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5—C13 hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5—C13 compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13 alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02.0.58 minutes. Totally 2.6 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13 hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil

Wave tectono-sedimentary processes in Tarim basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1949-1959页

作者： JIN Zhijun1,2. ZHANG Yiwei1 & CHEN Shuping1 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Ministry of Education, china University of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49, china 2. {2. and Production Research Institute, china Petroleum & Chemical corporation, Beijing 100083, china 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum 102249 Beijing China 2. exploration and Production Research Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 100083 Beijing China

Based on the unconformities, the formation times of structures, and geological wave filtering applied to basin fills of typical wells around the Manjiaer area in the Tarim basin, the wave tectono-sedimentary processes in the Tarim Basin are discussed. The results of geological wave filtering of basin fills of typical wells show that, in time domain, the evolution of the Tarim basin was controlled by various wave processes with the periods of 740±Ma, 2.0±Ma, 100±Ma and 30±Ma. The analyses of basin fills, basin subsidence and unconformities show that the trends of the sedimentary facies belts, depocenters, and centers of subsidence migrated and interchanged periodically with periods of 2.0±Ma. These show the propagation of wave movements in space domain. The wave evolution of the Tarim basin is of significance to understanding the formation of the oil and gas reservoirs in the basin.

关键词： Tarim basin, tectonics, sedimentation, crustal undation, wave evolution