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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2. SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China 2. Anhui Science and technology College, Huainan 2.2.00, China 3. Langfang Branch, Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Langfang 065007, China 1. Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. Anhui Science and technology College Huainan 232000 China 3. Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12.H4. This will make 12.H4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12.H4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12.H4. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12.H4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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Nitrogen isotopic geochemical characteristics of crude oils in several basins of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1211-1219页

作者： CHEN Chuanping1,2. MEI Bowen1 & caO Yacheng3 1. Jianghan petroleum University, Jingzhou 434100, China 2. Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan 430047, China 3. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, China 1. Jianghan petroleum University 434100 Jingzhou China 2. Huazhong University of Science and technology 430047 Wuhan China 3. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing China

Nitrogen isotopic ratios of crude oils with different physical and chemical properties in several basins of China have been measured and their geochemistry has been studied ele-mentally combined with molecular organic geochemistry methods. The data indicate that δ 15N is in the range of ?6‰-2.‰. They vary with the oils in different sedimentary types of basins. The oils forming in the limnic environment have lower δ 15N with the value of about 1‰-5‰ whereas the oils in saline or semi-saline environment have higher δ 15N, with most samples being above 10‰ and some exceeding 17‰. The average nitrogen isotopic ratio of oils from the Ordovician formation in the Tarim Basin is the lowest, with most samples having δ 15N below zero, which reflects possibly the characteristic of the oils originating mainly from the organic matter formed in marine carbonate sedimentary environment. The δ 15N distribution can be altered by fractionation. It increases obviously because of biodegradation and decreases during hydrocarbon migration. However, the effect of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in the short distance migration is uncon-spicuous.

关键词： nitrogen isotope, crude oil, sedimentary environment, isotopic fractionation, China.

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Comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of "chimney effect" using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第9期43卷 743-748页

作者： LIU Qingsheng 1, CHENG Tongjin 2.and LIU Shugen 3 1. Department of Applied Geophysics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. Center of petroleum Geochemistry, China National Star petroleum Corporation, Hefei 2.002., China 3. The St Department of Applied Geophysics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Center of petroleum Geochemistry China National Star Petroleum Corporation Hefei China The State Key Laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation of China Chengdu Institute of Technology Chengdu China

Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.

关键词： chimney effect (CE) hydrocarbon microseepage oil/gas accumulation.

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Modeling of elastic wave propagation on a curved free surface using an improved finite-difference algorithm

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第5期47卷 633-648页

作者： WANG Xiuming1,3 & ZHANG Hailan2.1. CSIRO petroleum, ARRC, PO BOX 1130, technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102. Australia 2. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 3. Present address: Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 1. CSIRO petroleum ARRC Technology Park PO BOX 1130 6102 Bentley WA Australia 2. Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Based on existing direct and imaging methods of a staggered finite-difference scheme, an improved algorithm for staggered finite-difference is proposed to implement rugged topographic free boundary conditions. This method assumes that the free surface can be implemented with horizontal and vertical free surface segments and their corners; the free surface passes through the grid points of shear stress components, instead of the normal stress components. Imaging is carried out for stress components in both horizontal and vertical directions, thus increasing the accuracy. To update particle- velocities, imaging and updating are first performed in the horizontal direction, and then in the vertical direction. The numerical results for elastic flat horizontal free surface with the imaging method and those for flat free surfaces of various slope angles with the proposed method are compared, and are shown to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method is that only the stresses are dealt with in implementing the free surface into the staggered algorithm, which improves computation efficiency.

关键词： elastic wave simulation, curved free surface, staggered finite-difference, algorithm stability.

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The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 769-782页

作者： LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2. REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2. petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, Sino-petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, Beijing 100083, China China Univ Geosci Dept Energy Geol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Sino Petr & Chem Cooperat Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay Basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution.

关键词： episodic rifting, fault slopebreak zone, depositional pattern, Bohai Bay Basin.

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Study on design pressure of in-service welding pipes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第4期49卷 434-444页

作者： XUE Xiaolong1, ZHU Jiagui2.& SANG Zhifu1 1. College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of technology, Nanjing 2.0009, China 2. Nanjing Yangzi Petrochemical Maintenance and Installation Co. Ltd., Nanjing 2.0048, China 1. College of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China 2. Nanjing Yangzi Petrochemical Maintenance and Installation Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210048 China

A method of predicting design pressure and burn-through of in-service welding pipes was established. Temperature distributions of in-service welding under variable parameters were simulated by FEM. The effect of flowing of internal media was regarded as forced convection. Based on the numerical results, design pressure of the pipe can be obtained and burn-through can be predicted. It can be concluded that the design pressure decreases with the increasing of heat input. RSF and design pressure of the pipe increase with the increasing of flow rate. There is a range in which the increase changes greatly. For in-service welding, the range should be considered adequately to determine operating condition optimally. RSF increases with the increasing of pipe wall thickness. While the thickness increases to an extent, RSF shows little increase. Accord- ing to the curves of design pressure versus different parameters, safe working pressure can be achieved.

关键词： in-service welding, heat input, flow rate, pipe wall thickness, design pressure.

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Advanced fluid-typing methods for NMR logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 163-169页

作者： Xie Ranhong Xiao Lizhi State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In recent years, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） has been increasingly used for fluid- typing in well-logging because of the improved generations of NMR logging tools. This paper first discusses the applicable conditions of two one-dimensional NMR methods： the dual TW method and dual TE method. Then, the two-dimensional （T2. D） and （T2. T1） NMR methods are introduced. These different typing methods for hydrocarbon are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that the dual TW method is not suitable for identifying a macroporous water layer. The dual TE method is not suitable for typing gas and irreducible water. （T2. T1） method is more effective in typing a gas layer. In an oil-bearing layer of movable water containing big pores, （T2. T1） method can solve the misinterpretation problem in the dual TWmethod between a water layer with big pores and an oil layer. The （T2. T1） method can distinguish irreducible water from oil of a medium viscosity, and the viscosity range of oil becomes wide in contrast with that of the dual TW method. The （T2. D） method is more effective in typing oil and water layers. In a gas layer, when the SNR is higher than a threshold, the （T2. D） method can resolve the overlapping T2.signals of irreducible water and gas that occurs due to the use of the dual TE method. Twodimensional NMR for fluid-typing is an important development of well logging technology.

关键词： NMR logging one-dimensional NMR two-dimensional NMR reservoir evaluation fluidtyping

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Investigation of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Molecular Sieve for Reducing Olefin Content of FCC Gasoline

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical technology 2009年第4期11卷 10-17页

作者： Ji Dekun~(1,2. Li Shuyuan~1 Ding Fuchen~2.Chi Yaoling~2.(1.Chemical Engineering School,China University of petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102.49 2.Department of Chemical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical technology) Chemical Engineering School China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China Department of Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology China

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by the nano-assembling *** ZSM-5 molecular sieve,the MCM-41 molecular sieve,the ZSM-5/MCM-41 mechanical mixture and the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry,N_2.adsorption isotherms,temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and scanning electron microscopy and their properties were *** FCC gasoline as the feed,activities of different molecular sieves for reducing olefin content were investigated in a continuous high-pressure micro-reactor unit under the following conditions:a reaction temperature of 400℃,a reaction time of 2.h,a weight hourly space velocity of 3h^(-1),and a reaction pressure of 2.0 *** results showed that the HMCM-41 molecular sieve had low reaction performance,and the HZSM-5 molecular sieve demonstrated high aromatization activity,while the ZSM-5/MCM- 41 composite molecular sieve exhibited a best olefin-reducing performance because of its high isomerization activity and moderate aromatization *** a largest olefin-reducmg capability and a reasonable distribution of products,the composite molecular sieve was more suitable for FCC gasoline upgrading compared to other three catalysts.

关键词： ZSM-5 MCM-41 composite molecular sieve FCC gasoline olefin reduction

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Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 157-162页

作者： Lu Jing Wu Xiling Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

关键词： Horizontal wells elongated bubble flow flow patterns identification drift-flux model,logging interpretation model

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Distribution,formation and evolution of sand ridges on the East China Sea shelf

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 822-828页

作者： ZHAO RenBao 1,2.SUN HaiTao 3,WU YaSheng 3 &ZHAO ChuanFeng 1,2.1MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering,China University of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,China 2.Enhanced Oil Recovering Research Center,China University of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,China 3Faculty of Natural Resource&Information technology,China University of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,China 1. MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. Enhanced Oil Recovering Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. Faculty of Natural Resource & Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Influence of CO2.corrosion on reservoir mineralogical composition,pore structure and their mechanical characteristics was studied using XRD,SEM,rock tri-axial machine and core flow experimental *** was found that the corrosion effect was mainly attributed to rock texture and structure,fluid composition and external dynamical conditions in the experimental *** cores with bedding structures,their bedding surfaces were the preferential corrosion regions,because micro-cracks would evolve at these surfaces in the pressure-releasing ***,for cores with massive structures controlled by stable water environment,the CO2.corrosion would result in pore enlargement and secondary pore *** gas velocity from outlet showed sharp increase in the injection process of CO2.H2. *** could be explained by two changes caused by *** was the opening and closure of *** other was particle *** the corrosion time increased,both tensile strength and compressive strength decreased,which confirmed decrease of cementation *** should also be noted that permeability increase and micro-cracks generation would pose damage to the capacity of CO2.geological storage.

关键词： carbon dioxide geological storage mineralization enhanced oil recovery corrosion

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