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Kinetics of petroleum generation determined from multiple cold trap pyrolysis gas chromatography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第3期42卷 254-258页

作者： LIU Jinzhong and TANG Yongchun1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Guangzhou 510640, China 2. chevron petroleum technology company, La Habra, ca 90633-0446, USA State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China chevron petroleum {2. company La Habra USA

THOUGH commercial Pyrolysis-GC is widely used to evaluate petroleum source rocks, its chromatogram composed of all compounds generated in the whole pyrolysis process cannot provide generating rates or activation energy distributions of individual component or compound groups. To overcome the limitation, a new technique, multi cold trap pyrolysis gas chromatography (MCTP-GC), has been developed by chevron petroleum technology Compa-

关键词： organic geochemistry pyrolysis kinetics.

Prediction of Dynamic Wellbore Pressure in Gasified Fluid Drilling

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petroleum Science 2007年第4期4卷 66-73页

作者： Wang Zhiming1,Ping Liqiu2.and Zou Ke2.(1. School of petroleum Engineering,petroleum University of China,Beijing 102.49,China) (2. Institute of Drilling Engineering {2.,CNPC,Beijing 100097,China) Petr Univ China Sch Petr Engn Beijing 102249 Peoples R China CNPC Inst Drilling Engn Technol Beijing 100097 Peoples R China

The basis of designing gasified drilling is to understand the behavior of gas/liquid two-phase flow in the wellbore. The equations of mass and momentum conservation and equation of fluid flow in porous media were used to establish a dynamic model to predict wellbore pressure according to the study results of Ansari and Beggs-Brill on gas-liquid two-phase flow. The dynamic model was solved by the finite difference approach combined with the mechanistic steady state model. The mechanistic dynamic model was numerically implemented into a FORTRAN 90 computer program and could simulate the coupled flow of fluid in wellbore and reservoir. The dynamic model revealed the effects of wellhead back pressure and injection rate of gas/liquid on bottomhole pressure. The model was validated against full-scale experimental data,and its 5.0% of average relative error could satisfy the accuracy requirements in engineering design.

关键词： Gasified fluid drilling dynamic model pressure prediction model validation

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.49, China 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield company, PetroChina company Limited, Korla 841000, China) Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla 841000 China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated from a borehole

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第2期48卷 247-256页

作者： CHE Xiaohua1, ZHANG Hailan1, QIAO Wenxiao2.& JU Xiaodong2.1. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Faculty of Natural Resources & Information technology, University of petroleum, Beijing 102.49, China Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Natural Resources & Information technology University of Petroleum Beijing China

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated by linear phased array transmitters in a fluid-filled borehole is carried out using a real axis integration (RAI) method. The main lobe width of the acoustic beams and the incident angle on the borehole wall can be controlled by means of adjusting parameters, such as the element number and the delay time between the neighboring array elements of linear phased array transmitter. The steered angle of longitudinal waves generated in the formation satisfies the Snell’s law for plane waves when the incident angle on the borehole wall is less than the first critical angle. When the lobe width of the acoustic beams is narrow and the steered angle is less than the first critical angle, the acoustic field in the formation can be approximately calculated given that the linear phased array is put in the formation without borehole. The technique of scanning radiation acoustic field can be applied to enhancing investigation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in crosswell seismic survey and borehole acoustic reflection imaging.

关键词： formation, linear phased array transmitter, steered angle, RAI, scanning radiation.

Effect and mechanism of stresses on rock permeability at different scales

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 714-723页

作者： YIN Shangxian1 & WANG Shangxu2.1. Safety Engineering College, North China Institute of Science and technology, Yanjiao, Beijing 101601, China 2. Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration, China University of petroleum, Beijing 100083, China Safety Engineering College North China Institute of Science and Technology Yanjiao Beijing China Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing China

The effect of geo-stress fields on macroscopic hydro-geological conditions or micro-cosmic permeability of water-bearing media should follow some laws or principles. cases study and tests show that: (1) At macro-geologic large scale, deformed and crashed rocks which were induced by geo-stress fields changing provided space for groundwater storage and flow. Groundwater adjusts water-bearing space and dilatants fractures by flowing and press transferring. Coupling of liquid and solid can be implemented for rocks and groundwater. Although tectonic fields witness several times of change and build-up in geological time, stress fields forming regional tectonic framework are coherent with seepage fields, orientation of the maximum horizontal stress demonstrates main seepage direc-tions. (2. At macro-geologic middle scale, zones of stresses changing sharply, quite low stresses, stress or shear concentration can be used to show locations and types of main fractures, zones of geo-stresses changing equably can be acted as normal base media zones of tri-porosity media. (3) At micro-geologic small scale, tri-porosity media include fractured rocks, porous rocks and capillary rocks. Investigations indicate that porosity or permeability is functions of effective stresses, and po-rosity or permeability changing rules of porous rocks with variation of effective stresses can be de-scribed as the index model, the model of power exponent functions is suitable for those of fractured rocks, the model of the second power parabola for capillary rocks. The porosity and permeability loss in fractured rocks, which are greater than that in porous rocks, are shown by calculation of effective compressive coefficient and closing pressure in cracks. The calculations can also explain the mecha-nism why porosity changes are always larger than permeability changes. It is proved by the thick wall cylinder theory that the second power parabola relation between porosity or permeability loss and effective

关键词： geo-stress fields, seepage fields, tri-porosity media, effective stresses, permeability, porosity,scale.

Development of Hydrocracking catalyst to Produce High Quality Clean Middle Distillates

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical technology 2004年第4期6卷 19-23页

作者： Zhang Xuejun 1,2.Zhang Zhihua1,2.1. Institute of Daqing Petrochemical company, Daqing 163714 2. School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of petroleum,Dongying 2.7061) Inst. of Daqing Petrochem. company Daqing 163714 China Sch. of Chem. and Chem. Engineering University of Petroleum Dongying 257061 China

A novel hydrocracking Ni-W binary catalyst was tentatively designed and prepared by means ofimpregnation on mixed supports of modified Y zeolite and amorphous aluminosilicate . The structure andproperties of catalyst were extensively characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, IR and XRF techniques. The perfor-mance of catalyst was evaluated by a 100-ml hydrogenation laboratory test unit with two single-stage fixed-bedreactors connected in series. The characterization results showed that the catalyst has a developed and con-centrated mesopores distribution, suitable acid sites and acid strength distribution, and uniform and highdispersion of metal sites. Under a high conversion rate of 73.8% with the >350℃ feedstock, a 98.1m% of C5+yield and 83.5% of middle distillates selectivity were obtained. The yield of middle distillates boiling between140℃and 370℃ was 68.70m% and its quality could meet the WWFC category III specification. It means thatthis catalyst could be used to produce more high quality clean middle distillates derived from heavy oilhydrocracking. The potential aromatic content of heavy naphtha from 65℃ to 140℃ was 37.5m%. The BMCIvalue of >370℃ tail oil was 6.6. The heavy naphtha and tail oil are premium feedstocks for catalytic reformingand steam cracker units.

关键词： hydrocracking Ni-W binary catalyst clean middle distillate WWFC categoryIII specification

An element by element spectral element method for elastic wave modeling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 21-29页

作者： LIN Weijun1, WANG Xiuming1,2.and ZHANG Hailan 1(1.Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. CSIRO petroleum, ARRC, PO BOX 1130, technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102. Australia) Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China CSIRO petroleum ARRC PO BOX 1130 Technology Park Bentley WA 6102 Australia

The spectral element method which combines the advantages of spectral method with those of finite element method, provides an efficient tool in simulating elastic wave equation in complex medium. Based on weak form of elastodynamic equations, mathematical formulations for Legendre spectral element method are presented. The wave field on an element is discretized using high-order La-grange interpolation, and integration over the element is accomplished based upon the Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre integration rule. This results in a diagonal mass matrix which leads to a greatly simplified algorithm. In addition, the element by element technique is introduced in our method to reduce the memory sizes and improve the computation efficiency. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the spectral accuracy and the efficiency. Because of combinations of the finite element scheme and spectral algorithms, this method can be used for complex models, including free surface boundaries and strong heterogeneity.

关键词： spectral element Legendre polynomial elastic wave modeling element by element.

Study on Modified Y Zeolites and Their Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline (Ⅰ)

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical technology 2009年第4期11卷 18-22页

作者： Zhu Heli~(1,2. Liu Daosheng~2.Song Lijuan~2.Sun Zhaolin~2.(1.PetroChina Jinxi Petrochemical company,Huludao 12.001 2.Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering,Liaoning University of petroleum and Chemical {2.) PetroChina Jinxi Petrochemical company Huludao 125001 China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology China

NaY zeolite was modified through dealumination with oxalic acid,and the HY zeolite was obtained by calcination of the modified NaY *** zeolite molding process was carried out at ambient temperature(2.℃),and the influence of solid/fuel mass ratio and adsorptive desulfurization time on the HY zeolite were investigated through tests on static selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline containing organic sulfur compounds(with a S content=135 ppm).The sulfur content and sulphide types in the FCC gasoline were analyzed by a GC 2.10 sulfur analyzer and a GC-SCD *** test results showed that the molded HY zeolite was better than the unmolded HY *** a static adsorptive desulfurization time on the molded HY zeolite equating to 6 hours,a solid/fuel mass ratio of 1:3,the sulfur content of FCC gasoline was decreased to 30 ppm,and the desulfurization rate was equal to 78%.When the breakthrough point of the molded HY was equal to 50 ppm,the molded HY zeolite was capable of adsorbing 4.86 mg of sulfur per gram of *** the regeneration rate of molded HY zeolite was equal to 98%.

关键词： dealumination zeolite FCC gasoline adsorptive desulfurization

Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1192-1198页

作者： Xi Aihua1,2. Ge Yuhui1, cai Yuanfeng2.and Zhang Xuefeng3(1. Faculty of Resources & Environment, Southwest petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China 2. State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, China 3. Department of Natural Resources & technology Information, China University of petroleum, Beijing 102.49, China) Faculty of Resources and Environment Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Natural Resources and technology Information China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 32.℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 30 h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.

关键词： pyrrhotite magnetite genesis of Cu-Ni sulphide deposit Hongqiling.