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The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 769-782页

作者： LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2. REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, china university of Geosciences, {2. 100083. china 2. petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, Sino-petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, {2. 100083. china china Univ Geosci Dept Energy Geol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Sino Petr & Chem Cooperat Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution.

关键词： episodic rifting, fault slopebreak zone, depositional pattern, Bohai Bay basin.

Paleomagnetic dating of the Cenjiawan Paleolithic site in the Nihewan basin, northern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第3期49卷 295-303页

作者： WANG Hongqiang1,2. DENG Chenglong1, ZHU Rixiang1 & XIE Fei3.1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL-LE), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sci- ences, beijing 10002.,{3. 2. School of the Earth Sciences and Resources,{3. university of Geosciences, beijing 100083.{3. 3. Hebei Province Institute of Cultural Relics, Shijiazhuang 050000,{3. 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL-LE) Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Hebei Province Institute of Cultural Relics Shijiazhuang 050000 China

Rock magnetic and magnetostratigraphic investigations on a lacustrine sequence in the Nihewan basin, northern china, which bears the Cenjiawan Paleolithic site, indicate that the dominant magnetic mineral and remanence carrier contained in the sediments is magnetite. While hematite co-exists with magnetite in some portions of the Cenjiawan sequence, where characteristic remanent magnetizations are carried by both magnetite and hematite. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility confirm that the Cenjiawan sequence has preserved the original sedimentary features and is suitable for magnetostratigraphic study. Paleomagnetic results indicate that the Cenjiawan Paleolithic site is formed just posterior to the Punaruu normal event, which is dated at about 1.1 Ma. Combined with the paleomagnetic results of the Donggutuo, Xiaochangliang and Majuangou sections, it is concluded that early humans were occupying the Nihewan basin around 1.6, 1.3.and 1.1 Ma. This integrated result is significant to understanding the ability of migration and adaptation to the envi- ronment of early humans.

关键词： Nihewan basin, Early Pleistocene, Cenjiawan, Paleolithic site, paleomagnetism.

Mechanism for calcite dissolution and its contribution to development of reservoir porosity and permeability in the Kela 2.gas field,Tarim basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 567-578页

作者： YU BingSong1,3. DONG HailLiang2.3.& RUAN Zhuang1,3.1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china university of Geosciences, {2. 100083. china 2.Department of Geology, Miami university,Oxford, OH 45056, USA 3.Geomicrobiology Laboratory, china university of Geosciences, {2., 100083. china State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA Geomicrobiology Laboratory China University of Geoscien

This study is undertaken to understand how calcite precipitation and dissolution contributes to depth-related changes in porosity and permeability of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs in the Kela 2.gas field of the Tarim basin, Northwestern china. Sandstone samples and pore water samples are col-lected from well KL2.1 in the Tarim basin. Vertical profiles of porosity, permeability, pore water chem-istry, and the relative volume abundance of calcite/dolomite are constructed from 3.00 to 4000 m below the ground surface within major oil and gas reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability values are in-versely correlated with the calcite abundance, indicating that calcite dissolution and precipitation may be controlling porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks. Pore water chemistry exhibits a sys-tematic variation from the Na2.O4 type at the shallow depth (3.00-3.3. m), to the NaHCO3.type at the intermediate depth (3.3.―3.95 m),and to the CaCl2.type at the greater depth (3.2.―3.3. m). The geochemical factors that control the calcite solubility include pH, temperature, pressure, Ca2. concen-tration, the total inorganic carbon concentration (ΣCO2., and the type of pore water. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mass conservation laws are applied to calculate the calcite saturation state as a function of a few key parameters. The model calculation illustrates that the calcite solubility is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of pore water, mainly the concentration difference between the total dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration (i.e., [ΣCO2. -[Ca2.]). In the Na2.O4 water at the shallow depth, this index is close to 0, pore water is near the calcite solubility. Calcite does not dissolve or precipitate in significant quantities. In the NaHCO3.water at the intermedi-ate depth, this index is greater than 0, and pore water is supersaturated with respect to calcite. Massive calcite precipitation was observed at this depth interval and

关键词： calcite dissolution porosity thermodynamic Tarim basin

A study of interaction between surface water and groundwater using environmental isotope in Huaisha River basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1299-1310页

作者： SONG Xianfang1, LIU Xiangchao1, 2. XIA Jun1, YU Jingjie1 & TANG Changyuan1, 3.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. College of River and Ocean, Chongqing Jiaotong {2., Chongqing 400074, china 3. Chiba {2., Chiba 2.3.852., Japan 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institut of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. College of River and Ocean Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074 China 3. Chiba university Chiba 263-8522 Japan

The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2.02.and 2.03. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was re- vealed lastly.

关键词： environmental isotope,hydrochemistry,surface water,groundwater,interaction.

Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China basin and ReservoirResearch center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

The effectiveness assessment of gas accumulation processes in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,Northwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 117-125页

作者： LIU GuangDi1,SUN MingLiang1,L YanFang2.& SUN YongHe2.1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,{3.{2.,beijing 102.49,{3. 2.Daqing Institute of petroleum,Daqing 163.18,{3. china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Daqing Inst Petr Daqing 163318 Peoples R China

The effectiveness of gas accumulation processes is controlled by several main geological factors in-cluding charging force,features of gas conduit,sealing properties of caprock,etc. Based on the analysis and statistics of the large-medium size gas accumulations in china,the main parameters,in-cluding the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of the gas conduit,and the thickness or displacement pressure of caprock,and the criteria for the as-sessment of gas accumulation processes have been established. Using the parameters and the criteria above,the effectiveness of gas accumulation processes in the Kuqa depression was quantitatively evaluated. By integrating the parameters of the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of fault conduit system,and the caprock thickness in gas charging period,a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression has been made. The result reveals that the Tubei-Dawan area,the Central Kelasu area and the Dongqiu-Dina area are three highly-effective areas for gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： accumulation process conduit system abnormal pressure caprock play assessment Kuqa depression

Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： YANG Shengtian1 & LIU Changming1, 2.1. School of Environmental Sciences, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, beijing 100101, china beijing Normal Univ Sch Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982.1998, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982.to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km3. the evapotranspiration of 3.00-3.00 km3. and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

Geochemical characteristics of pyrolysis gas from epimetamorphic rocks in the northern basement of Songliao basin,Northeast china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 140-147页

作者： YANG Chun 1 ,LUO Xia 2.,LI Jian 2.,LI ZhiSheng 2.,LIU QuanYou 3.&Wang YuLin 4 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang {3.,Hangzhou 3.002.,china 2.Research Institute of {2. Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Langfang 065007,china 3.Research Institute of {2. Exploration and Development,beijing 100083.china 4 Department of Source and Environment,Liaoning Technical {3.,Fuxin 12.000,china Zhejiang Univ Dept Earth Sci Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Branch Langfang 065007 Peoples R China Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Liaoning Tech Univ Dept Source & Environm Fuxing 123000 Peoples R China

The Xushen gas field,located in the north of Songliao basin,is a potential giant gas area for china in the *** proved reserves have exceeded 1000×10 8 m 3.by the end of ***,the origin of natural gases from the deep strata is still in *** rocks as a potential gas source are widely spreading in the northern basement of Songliao *** to pyrolysis experiments for these rocks in the semi-confined system,gas production and geochemistry of alkane gases are discussed in this *** Carboniferous-Permian epimetamorphic rocks were heated from 3.0℃to 550℃,with temperature interval of 50℃.The gas production was quantified and measured for chemical and carbon isotopic *** show thatδ13. 1 is less than?2.‰,carbon isotope trend of alkane gas isδ13. 1 3. 2.3. 3.orδ13. 1 3. 2.>δ13. 3.,these features suggest that the gas would be coal-type gas at high-over maturity,not be inorganic gas with reversal trend of gaseous alkanes (δ13. 1 >δ13. 2.>δ13. 3.).These characteristics of carbon isotopes are similar with the natural gas from the basin basement,but disagree with gas from the Xingcheng ***,the mixing gases from the pyrolysis gas with coal-typed gases at high-over maturity or oil-typed gases do not cause the reversal trend of carbon *** gas generation intensity for epimetamorphic rocks is 3.0×10 8 ―2..8×10 8 m 3./km 2.,corresponding to Ro from 2.0%to 3.5%for organic matter.

关键词： Northern Songliao basin epimetamorphic rock pyrolysis experiment gas generation potential carbon isotope

Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 925-938页

作者： ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2. ZHANG Xiankang3. HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3. LIU Baojin3. ZHENG Rongzhang2.4 1. Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 3.0003.china 2. Institute of Geology,china Earthquake Administration,{2. 10002.,china 3. Research center for Exploration Geophysics,china Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002.china 4. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,china Earthquake Administration,{2. 10002.,china Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Research center for Exploration Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in china, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 3.3.km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.{3.km/s in which there is a 3.4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3.7.{3.km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3.km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.{3. km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive earthquake source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coasta

关键词： deep seismic reflection high-resolution seismic refraction wide-angle.