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research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2. ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2. QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South china Sea institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 5102.0, china 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas exploration company, Liaohe oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 12.010, china 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 3. Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510240 China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas exploration company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32.to 2. Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 2. Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2.depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Natural Gases in the Qaidam Basin,china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期77卷 103-115页

作者： ZHANG Xiaobao, HU Yong, DUAN Yi, MA Liyuan, MENG Zifang, HE Peng,ZHOU Shixin and PENG DehuaState Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou institute of Geology, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 research institute of Petroleum exploration and development, Qinghai Petroleum company,CNPC, Dunhuang, Gansu 7362.0 Chinese Acad Sci Lanzhou Inst Geol State Key Lab Gas Geochem Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Qinghai Petr Co Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev CNPC Dunhuang 736200 Gansu Peoples R China

Sixty-five natural gas samples were collected from 19 oil-gasfields in theQaidam basin, china. The chemical composition and carbon isotope values of the samples weremeasured, and the geochemical characteristics and origin of the natural gases were studied. Thegases can be divided into biogenic gases, sapropelic oil-type gases, mixed type oil-type gases,coal-type gases and mixed gas. The delta^(13)C_1 values of the biogenic gases are very small and theC_2.+ contents of them are very low, ranging from -68.2.per thousand to -61 .8 per thousand and0.06 percent to 0.2. percent respectively. They have heavy delta D and delta^(13)C_(CO_2., showing aCO_2.reduction pathway. They ,are distributed in the East depression region and derived from theQuaternary source rocks. The sapropelic oil-type gases have small delta^(13)C_2.values and highC_2.+ ranging from -36.6 per thousand to -2..6 per thousand and from 33.01 percent to 47.15 percentrespectively. The mixed type oil-type gases have delta^(13)C_2.values and C_2.+ contents varyingfrom -2..6 per thousand to -2..8 per thousand and from 4.81 percent to 2..06 percent *** sapropelic oil-type gases and mixed type oil-type gases are associated with oil-type oils,distributed in the West depression region and derived from the Tertiary saltwater lacustrinesapropelic source rocks and humic source rocks respectively. The delta^(13)C_2.values of thecoal-type gases are extremely high and the C_2.+ contents are very low, changing from -2..3 perthousand to -12.5 per thousand and from 0.06 percent to 18.07 percent respectively. The coal-typegases in the Nanbaxian gasfield and the Lenghu oil-gasfields in the North fault block belt arederived from the Middle Jurassic coal-measures source rocks, whereas those in the West depressionregion are derived from the Tertiary saltwater lacustrine humic source rocks. Compared with someother basins in china, the natural gases there have obviously heavier delta^(13)C due to the heavierdelta^(1

关键词： natural gas geochemical characteristics origin Qaidam basin

Sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of depositional systems for the Paleogene in Liaodong Bay area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 1-10页

作者： ZHU XiaoMin1,DONG YanLei1,YANG JunSheng1,ZHANG Qin1,LI DeJiang2.XU ChangGui3 & YU Shui3 1 National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 2.{2. institute of Petroleum exploration and development——Langfang,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Technology Department of CNOOC Tianjin company,Tianjin 300452.china china Univ Petr Natl Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Langfang 065007 Peoples R China CNOOC Tianjin Co Dept Technol Tianjin 300452 Peoples R China

With a comprehensive geological and geophysical data base,the Paleogene in the Liaodong Bay area,which consists of the Kongdian,Shahejie and Donghying Formations from the base to top,was divided into 4 second-order sequences and 8 third-order sequences based on the characteristics of the se-quence boundaries. Each third-order sequence is subdivided into the lowstand,lake transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The Lowstand systems tract (LST) is mainly composed of progradational parasequence sets,while the lake transgressive systems tract (TST) largely consists of the retrograda-tional parasequence sets and the highstand systems tract (HST) is dominated by the progradational parasequence sets. The main types of depositional systems include the shallow lake,semi-deep lake,deep lake,delta,fan delta,braided fluvial delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. The braided fluvial delta and fan delta depositional systems are mainly confined to the sequences of the lower SEs4-Ek,SEs3 and SEs1+2.while the sequences of SEd3,SEd2.and SEd1 are dominated by the delta and nearshore subaqueous fan depositional systems with the latter being developed at the downthrown side of the basin-bounding fault in each sequence. The evolution of the depositional systems is always con-trolled by the paleo-tectonic setting and the ancient landform in the space and geological time. It is concluded that the most favorable reservoirs are distributed in the Liaoxi low uplift and the central Liaozhong sag.

关键词： Liaodong Bay area Paleogene sequence stratigraphy sequence boundary depositional system

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松辽盆地岩性油藏形成条件与分布规律

石油与天然气地质 2004年第4期25卷 393-399页

作者：杨玉峰中国石油石油勘探开发研究院

松辽盆地中浅层大型坳陷湖盆河流-三角洲、湖泊沉积体系形成的砂泥岩薄互层决定了其具有形成大面积岩性油藏的地质条件。纵向上,由于各时期基准面升降造成可容空间在不同时期差别较大,因此发育的砂体类型也有一定的差别。由于储层埋藏... 详细信息

松辽盆地中浅层大型坳陷湖盆河流-三角洲、湖泊沉积体系形成的砂泥岩薄互层决定了其具有形成大面积岩性油藏的地质条件。纵向上,由于各时期基准面升降造成可容空间在不同时期差别较大,因此发育的砂体类型也有一定的差别。由于储层埋藏深度以及与烃源岩的相对位置不同,各含油组合岩性油藏成藏条件与分布规律也存在一定的差异。断层在岩性油藏成藏过程中起很重要的作用,它一方面是形成断层-岩性复合圈闭的主要要素,同时又是油气进入岩性圈闭成藏的主要运移通道。平面上,岩性油藏的类型受构造部位和砂岩的发育程度控制。凹陷中三角洲外前缘相带主要形成岩性油藏,凹陷周边是各种隐蔽油气藏发育的主要地区。

关键词：中、浅层岩性油藏主控因素分布规律松辽盆地

Impact of rock anisotropy on fracture development

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1403-1408页

作者： Lianbo Zeng~(a,b,*) Jiyong Zhao~c Shengju Zhu~c Weiliang Xiong~c Yonghong He~c Jianwen Chen~c a Key State Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting in china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china b Resources and Information Faculty,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china c exploration and development research institute,Changqing oilfield Branch,Xi’an 71002.,china Key State Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting in china University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Resources and Information Faculty China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and development {2. institute Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi’an 710021 China

Experiments on uniaxial and triaxial rock mechanics and rock acoustic emissions have been conducted for research on the impact of rock anisotropy on the development of the fractures of different directions by taking as an example the ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation within the Ordos *** experimental results prove the existence of anisotropy of the rock mechanical property in the different directions on the plane,which is the chief reason for the production of impacts on the development of different assemblages of fractures in the geological *** rock anisotropy usually restricts the development of one assemblage of conjugate shear *** fractures in the Yanchang Formation within the Ordos Basin are mainly shear fractures that formed under two tectonic ***,here,four assemblages of shear fractures should have developed,but due to the effect of a strong rock anisotropy,in each period one assemblage of fractures chiefly ***,two assemblages of fractures are usually developed in every part at present.

关键词： Fracture Rock anisotropy Rock mechanical experiments Acoustic emission experiments

Sinopec's Profits up Drastically in First Quarter

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china Oil & Gas 2003年第2期10卷 26-27页

作者： Wang Yuxiaoexploration and development {2. institute,Zhongyuan oilfield company,Sinopec exploration and development {2. institute Zhongyuan Oilfield Company Sinopec

Sinopec, Asia's largest refiner,announced on April 2. that its net first quarter profit skyrocketed almost 12.fold as it sold more refined oil and petrochemical products, cashing in on the international price hikes in oil during the period. However, analysts said the growth of china's second largest oil company is expected to recede in the second quarter as oil prices fall due to the end of the Iraq War. They still anticipate the company's full-year profit will increase by 15 percent or more on the back of a domestic oil market recovery.

关键词：中国石油化工总公司利润 2.03年天然气油气勘探新疆 Junggar盆地

The formation mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir in the deep of Puguang Gas Field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 53-64页

作者： MA YongSheng 1 ,GUO TongLou 1 ,ZHAO XueFeng 2.&CAI XunYu 1 1 Southern exploration&Production company,Sinopec,kunming 6502.0,{2. 2.3} University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,{2. Southern exploration & Production company Sinopec Kunming 650200 China china University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China

The discovery of Puguang Gas Field provides the exploration of china deep marine carbonate rock with important *** Puguang Gas Field,the dolomite reservoirs discovered in the deep are the best in the present of china,which present big thickness and wide-range distribution,and develop abundant secondary *** researches show that Puguang Gas Field bears the characteristics of early gas-filling time,deep burial,high matured organic matter and long-term interaction of hydrocarbon(oil and gas)-water-rock(carbonate reservoir).The developments of secondary pores in this area are affected by multiple diagenesis and their formation mechanisms are *** the research on depositional environment,sedimentary facies and reservoir porosity characters of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations,it is thought that high-quality dolomite reservoirs of Puguang Gas Field form on the favorable sedimentary facies belts,which are the integrate result affected by several factors including superficial corrosion,burial corrosion,overpressure and tectonic movement,among which burial corrosion of TSR to reservoir and overpressure formed by thermal evolution of organic matter have great effect on the formation of secondary porosity of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations.

关键词： deep high-quality reservoir dolomite corrosion Puguang Gas Field Sichuan Basin

Geochemical characteristics of Jurassic coal and significance for the evolution of the environment, Yanqi Basin, china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第9期16卷 974-982页

作者： WU Chaodong , XU Youling, GUO Zhaojie1, QUAN Shujin, LI Yonglin and FENG Xue ( Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution of Department of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 3rd Geological Survey Brigade, Henan Bureau of Mineralogical and Resources, Xinyang 476000, china {2. & development research institute of Henan oilfield, SINOPEC, Nanyang 473132. china) [a]Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution of Department of Education Peking University Beijing China [b]3rd Geological Survey Brigade Henan Bureau of Mineralogical and Resources Xinyang China [c]exploration & development {2. institute of Henan oilfield SINOPEC Nanyang China

The Mesozoic strata of the Yanqi Basin consists of coarse debris with coal beds, characterized by the developments of coal seams of the Jurassic sediments whose main petrologic contents are glutenite, fine sandstone, mudstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. Based on the analyses of the minerals, trace elements and REEs, we try to find geochemical characteristics of the coal seam formation process. The analysis results indicate that the contents of ash and sulfur are low while the content of phosphor is comparatively high, and that the specific value of Al2.3/SiO2.is relatively high and that of (Al2.3 + SiO2./(Fe2.3 + CaO+ MgO) is near 1. All these results indicate that the coal seams are formed in the relatively deep marsh, which is favorable for the evolvement of hydrocarbon at the diagenesis stage.

关键词： coal sedimentary geochemistry trace elements Jurassic.

Accumulation process and model for the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area,the tarim Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 224-235页

作者： ZHAO MengJun1, PAN WenQing2. HAN JianFa2. LIU ShaoBo1, QIN ShengFei1 & ZHANG BaoMin1 1 Central Laboratory of Petroleum Geology research of RIPED, Petrochina, Beijing 100083,{2. 2.institute of Petroleum exploration and development of tarim oilfield, Petrochina, Korla 841000,{2.

The Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, a type of dissolved fracture and cavernous reservoir, is mainly composed of heavy oil. The oil is the mixture sourcing from the Middle-Lower Cambrian and Middle-Lower Ordovician, with three stages of pool forming process: (1) the destruction and parallel migration/accumulation during the late Caledonian to early Hercynian; (2. the oil and gas accumulation during the late Hercynian characterized by adjustment upward along faults and parallel migration/accumulation; (3) the formation of heavy oil during the latest Hercynian. The Ordovician buried hill reservoir is affected by the diffusion of light oil and gas but had no hydrocarbon charging during the late Yanshan period to Himalayan period, but in this period, formed the association of heavy oil and dissolved gas cracked from crude oil with dry coefficient of 0.91-0.96. The study on accumulation process of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir has important implications for the exploration potential of early oil and gas accumulation in the cratonic area of the tarim Basin.

关键词： source of oil and gas reservoir bitumen inclusion filling periods accumulation model Tabei Uplift