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Recent progress and future directions of ChinaFLUX

Science China Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 1-23页

作者： YU Guirui , FU Yuling, SUN Xiaomin, WEN Xuefa & ZHANG Leiming key laboratory of Eco{2. Network Observation and Modeling, institute of geographic sciences and natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China School of Earth sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. key laboratory of Eco{2. Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. School of Earth sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The eddy covariance technique has emerged as an important tool to directly measure carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat fluxes between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere after a long history of fundamental research and technological developments. With the realization of regional networks of flux measurements in North American, European, Asia, Brazil, Australia and Africa, a global-scale network of micrometeorological flux measurement (FLUXNET) was established in 1998. FLUXNET has made great progresses in investigating the environmental mechanisms controlling carbon and water cycles, quantifying spatial-temporal patterns of carbon budget and seeking the "missing carbon sink" in global terrestrial ecosystems in the past ten years. The global-scale flux measurement also built a platform for international communication in the fields of resource, ecology and environment sciences. With the continuous development of flux research, FLUXNET will introduce and explore new techniques to extend the application fields of flux measurement and to answer questions in the fields of bio-geography, eco-hydrology, meteorology, climate change, remote sensing and modeling with eddy covariance flux data. As an important part of FLUXNET, ChinaFLUX has made significant progresses in the past three years on the methodology and technique of eddy covariance flux measurement, on the responses of CO2.and H2. exchange between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere to environmental change, and on flux modeling development. Results showed that the major forests on the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) were all carbon sinks during 2.03 to 2.05, and the alpine meadows on the Tibet Plateau were also small carbon sinks. However, the reserved natural grassland, Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, was a carbon source. On a regional scale, temperature and precipitation are the primary climatic factors that determined the carbon balance in major terrestrial ecosystems in

关键词： eddy covariance flux measurement carbon budget terrestrial ecosystem FLUXNET ChinaFLUX.

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Predatory efficacy of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant on Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley(Hemiptera:Pseudoccocidae)

Predatory efficacy of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant on D...

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第三届全国生物入侵大会

作者： Zhen-Qiang Qin~(1,2.,Shun-Xiang Ren~(1*),Bao-Li Qiu~1,Jian-Hui Wu~1 and Fang-Hao Wan~2.1 Engineering Research Center of Biological Control,Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology,College of natural resources and {2.,South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640,PR China 2.state key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences,Beijing 100081,PR China

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant is an important natural enemy of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley(Hemiptera:Pseudoccocidae).Predation of *** on *** was observed in the *** average consumption of the 1-instar *** nymphs by female and male adults of *** was 95.8 and 86.0 nymphs per day,*** consumption rates for the 1- to 4- instar larvae of *** on the 1-instar nymph of *** were 2..1,66.1, 108.9,and 2.1.3 nymphs per day,*** functional response of *** adults on 1- and 2. instar nymphs of *** fitted the model of Holling typeⅡ,and the searching rate of *** adult female was highest when preying on 1-instar nymph of *** functional response curves of the 1- to 4- instar larvae of *** on the 1- and 2.instar nymph of *** were also determined as Holling typeⅡ.The searching rate of the 4- instar larvae of *** on the 1-instar nymph of *** was highest and handing time was shortest,compared to the other prey larval stages.

关键词： Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Predation Functional response

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Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2.08 Wenchuan earthquake,China

Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches trigge...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2.11年度）学术年会

作者： Shengwen Qi~(a,b,*),Qiang Xu~b,Bing Zhang~c,Yuande Zhou~(d,1),Hengxing Lan~e,Lihui Li~(a,2. a key Lab.of Engineering Geomechanics,institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of {2.,P.O.Box 982.,Chaoyang Area,Beijing 10002.,China b state key Lab.of Geo-hard Prevention and Geo-environment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China c Centre for Earth Observation and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of {2.,Beijing 100190,China d Department of Civil Engineering,The University of Hong Kong,Pokfulam Road,Hongkong,China e state key laboratory of resources and environmental {12.,institute of geographic Science and natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of {2.,Beijing 100101,China

The May 12.2.08 Wenchuan,China Earthquake which measured M = 8.3 according to Chinese Earthquake Administration - CEA(M= 7.9 according to the USGS) directly triggered many landslides,which caused about 2.,000 deaths,a quarter of the *** avalanches were among the most destructive landslides triggered by this seismic event,and have killed more people than any other type of landslide in this *** Donghekou rock avalanche,one example of a catastrophic avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake,occurred in Qingchuan and buried one primary school and 184 houses,resulting in more than 780 deaths,and in addition,caused the formation of two landslide dams,which formed barrier lakes. Combining aerial images(resolution of 0.5 m) with field investigations,this paper lists some parameters of 66 cases in one table,and details source characteristics of six typical *** has been found that most of the long runout rock avalanches have source areas with high relief and steep inclination,causing the debris in the travel courses to *** was also a large amount of saturated Holocene-age loose deposits formed by a river or gully that existed in the travel *** studies indicate that saturated Holocene loose deposits in the travel courses could be the most important factor for the causes of the long runout characteristic of the rock avalanches especially when they traveled over gentle or even flat ground surfaces. Furthermore,the relationships among the relief slope gradient,runout and covered area are investigated, and a threshold line for predicting the maximum horizontal runout distance under certain change in elevation is presented.

关键词： 2.08.5.12.Wenchuan earthquake Rock avalanche Landslide

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Study on the ecotourism model of ethnic areas in western Sichuan Province under the comprehensive tourism strategy:a case of Zoige County

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Ecological Economy 2008年第4期4卷 484-495页

作者： Li Bin Li Yu Dong Suocheng institute of geographic {2. and natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R. China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China

The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and central regions appear in western Sichuan Province. The socioconomic development in the central regions is at high level, whereas the ethnic areas are generally at lower level. Moreover. the deterioration of the eco-environment has seriously restricted the development of traditional industries in the ethnic areas, and it is necessary to develop environment-friendly and resource-saving industries. The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are rich in tourism resources, and have the potentiality of developing ecotourism. Advantages＇ of tourism resources in the ethnic areas should be made full use of and ＂comprehensive tourism ＂ is the requirement of the characteristics and the status quo of the ethnic areas. The ＂comprehensive tourism development model ＂ has the functions of ecotourism on the key industry. Based on the demands and the interaction among different industries, the model cart accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agrieulture, eco-industry, eco-tertiary industry, and so on. Through implementing the comprehensive tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of ethnic areas, and promote the rapid and sustainable growth of regional economy, and also the harmonious development of economy, environment and society.

关键词： Ethnic areas Comprehensive tourism Ecotourism Regional sustainable development

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A distributed spatial computing prototype system in grid environment

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 25-32页

作者： WU Lun,YAN MengLong,GAO Yong,YANG ZhenZhen,ZHAO Yong & CHEN Bin institute of Remote Sensing and geographic Information {2.,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 1. institute of Remote Sensing and geographic Information {2. Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Digital Earth has been a hot topic and research trend since it was proposed,and Digital China has drawn much attention in *** a key technique to implement Digital China,grid is an excellent and promising concept to construct a dynamic,inter-domain and distributed computing *** is appropriate to process geographic information across dispersed computing {2. in networks effectively and cooperatively.A distributed spatial computing prototype system is designed and implemented with the Globus *** important aspects are discussed in *** architecture is proposed according to the characteristics of grid firstly,and then the spatial resource query and access interfaces are designed for heterogeneous data *** open-up hierarchical architecture for resource discovery and management is represented to detect spatial and computing {2. in grid.A standard spatial job management mechanism is implemented by grid service for convenient *** addition,the control mechanism of spatial datasets access is developed based on *** prototype system utilizes the Globus Toolkit to implement a common distributed spatial computing framework,and it reveals the spatial computing ability of grid to support Digital China.

关键词： distributed geographic information processing grid computing Digital China GIS

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Filamentous cyanobacteria fossils and their significance in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Laolongdong,Chongqing

Filamentous cyanobacteria fossils and their significance in ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2.08学术年会

作者： JIANG HongXia,WU YaSheng~+ & CAI ChunFang key laboratory of Mineral {2.,institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 10002.,China

The microbial communities blooming immediately after the end-Permian mass extinction represent abnormally extreme environments,and vary in different *** this study,filamentous cyanobacterial biota was found in the strata after the extinction in the famous Permian-Triassic boundary section at Laolongdong,Chongqing,southwest *** thin sections,the filamentous cyanobacterial fossils are below 1 mm in length,and generally taper to one end,with the widest diameter up to 0.08 *** of them are curved,indicating that they are soft in *** walls are composed of cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline *** filaments have round cross section,and are internally filled with micrites and fine sparry calcites,which indicate that the filaments are originally *** are randomly distributed in the rocks,but in some places,they tend to be distributed in radial *** filamentous organisms are morphologically similar to Rivularia of Rivulariaceae,Cyanobacteria Phylum,but with calcified sheaths,and are tentatively regarded as an indeterminate new species in Rivularia:Rivularia *** are photosynthetic autotrophic,and can survive in dysoxic *** blooming of this organism and the absence of other organisms may indicate that the environment was oxygendeficient and shallow,since this photosynthetic autotrophic organism needed to live within photic zone.

关键词： microbial fossil end-Permian Permian-Triassic boundary cyanobacteria Rivularia

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Hydrothermal origin of elevated iron,manganese and redox-sensitive trace elements in the c.635 Ma Doushantuo cap carbonate

Hydrothermal origin of elevated iron,manganese and redox-sen...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2.11年度）学术年会

作者： JING HUANG~(1,2.,XUELEI CHU~(1,2.),GANQING JIANG~3,LIANJUN FENG~1 & HUAJIN CHANG~4 1 institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 10002.,China 2.{2. key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Beijing 10002.,China 3 Department of Geoscience,University of Nevada,Las Vegas,NV 89154-4010,USA 4 School of Life and Geography sciences,Qinghai Normal University,key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau environment and resources,Ministry of Education,Xining 810008,China

Major and trace element,including REE,concentrations of the Doushantuo cap carbonate(c. 635 Ma) in South China show enrichment in Fe,Mn and redox-sensitive elements and slightly negative Ce anomalies,indicating anoxic environments during cap carbonate *** Fe/Al ratios but very low concentration of extractable pyrites suggest ferruginous rather than euxinic *** REE + Y patterns of samples show enrichment of heavy REE(HREE),positive Eu anomalies and positive Y anomalies,implying a hydrothermal origin for elevated concentration of Fe,Mn and redox-sensitive *** results suggest that ferruginous Ediacaran oceans may have rooted from hydrothermally induced iron accumulation in severely glaciated Cryogenian oceans.

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Plant Diversity Reduces the Effect of Multiple Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Structure

Plant Diversity Reduces the Effect of Multiple Heavy Metal P...

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第六届全国环境化学大会暨环境科学仪器与分析仪器展览会

作者： Yang Gao~(1,4),Jun Xia~1,Yafeng Wang~2.Chiyuan Miao~3,Pei Zhou~4 (1.key laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,{2. of geographic sciences and natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2.state key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100085,China 3.College of Global Change and Earth system Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100078,China 4.School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 2.02.0,China)

＜正＞It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could offset the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme *** amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD） was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium （Cd） and lead（Pb） pollution.A metal hyperaccumulator,Brassica juncea,and a common plant,Festuca arundinacea Schreb,were used in this *** results showed that micro-organism quantity in planted soil significantly increased,compared with that in

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Loose architecture of multi-level massive geospatial data based on virtual quadtree

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 114-123页

作者： YANG ChongJun,WU Sheng,REN YingChao,FU Li,ZHANG FuQing,WANG Gang,TAN Jian,LIU DongLin,MA ChaoJi & LIANG Li state key {2. of Remote Sensing Science,Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences and Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100101,China 1. state key {2. of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China

This paper proposed a virtual quadtree (VQT) based loose architecture of multi-level massive geospatial data for integrating massive geospatial data dispersed in the departments of different hierarchies in the same sector into a unified GIS (geographic Information system) platform. By virtualizing the nodes of the quad-tree,the VQT separates the structure of data organization from data storage,and screens the difference between the data storage in local computer and in the re-mote computers in network {2.. And by mounting,VQT easily integrates the data from the remote computers into the local VQT so as to implement seam-less integration of distributed multi-level massive geospatial data. Based on that mode,the paper built an application system with geospatial data over 12.0 GB distributed in 12.servers deployed in 12.cities. The experiment showed that all data can be seamlessly rapidly traveled and performed zooming in and zooming out smoothly.

关键词： massive geospatial data virtual quadtree loose architecture

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Phytolith evidence for rice cultivation and spread in Mid-Late Neolithic archaeological sites in central North China

Phytolith evidence for rice cultivation and spread in Mid-La...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2.10年度)学术年会

作者： Jianping Zhang key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and {2., institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,P.O.Box 982.,Beijing 10002.,China and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China Houyuan Lu,Naiqin Wu and Fengjiang Li,key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and {2.,institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,P.O.Box 982.,Beijing 10002.,China Xiaoyan Yang,institute of {12. sciences and natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China Weilin Wang and Mingzhi Ma,Shaanxi Provincial institute of Archaeology,Xi’an 710001,China Xiaohu Zhang,College of Urban and {2.al sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

The history of rice(Oryza sativa) cultivation in North China is ambiguous owing to a lack of evidence from rice remains with precise ages in archaeological *** this paper,we present rice phytolith evidence from six archaeological sites in the Guanzhong Basin,central North China,dating from c.5500 to 2.00 cal.a BP(calibrated/ calendar ages) based on 19 *** phytoliths found in the three archaeological sites located on the second river terrace(Quanhu,Yangguanzhai and Anban) include three types of phytoliths from rice,namely bulliform, parallel-bilobe and *** findings suggest that the earliest cultivated rice in central North China occurred not later than c.5690 cal.a *** c.5500 cal.a BP,the farming pattern in the Guanzhong Basin was characterized by dominant dry crops(***) and locally cultivated rice.A likely spread route of rice from the lower reaches of the Huanghe(Yellow) River towards the Guanzhong Basin in central North China is speculated to have happened at c.5690 cal.a *** findings of this study help us to understand the farming pattern in the area and how rice spread across the semi-arid regions of East Asia.

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