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Indigenous knowledge of Natural Resource Management and Population Control for Dong Ethnic Group in Guizhou Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第3期8卷 11-16页

作者： Yuan Juanwen1,2. Wu Quanxing3 1. School of Resources and Environmental Management, Guizhou College of Finance and Economics, Guiyang Guizhou 550004, China 2. sociology of consumers and households, wageningen university and research,{2., 6700 kn, the netherlands 3. Cultural Institute, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili Guizhou 556000, China School of Resources and Environmental Management Guizhou College of Finance and Economics Guiyang Guizhou 550004 China sociology of consumers and {2. Wageningen University and Research Wageningen 6700 KN The Netherlands Cultural Institute Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Kaili Guizhou 556000 China

Dong ethnic people have rich indigenous knowledge in terms of their daily life and production, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of their village. This paper aims to understand traditional knowledge of Dong ethnic people in resource management and population control, including traditional resource management, traditional medicinal knowledge and village regulations in Zhanli Village in Southeast Guizhou Province. The research methods include key informant interview, group discussion, participant observation and secondary data collect- ing. The results show that Zhanli villagers try their best to utilize indigenous knowledge to manage the natural resources and keep the stable population to make themselves live in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in managing their limited natural resources and keeping the population stable under an excellent condition. Zhanli villagers employ indigenous knowledge to manage natural resources and use local herbs to control the population. Village regulation terms significantly influence villagers’ awareness in resource management and birth control. Women play the chief role in employing indigenous knowledge in weaving as well as medicinal knowledge in birth control, and these kinds of knowledge are passed down through the female line. However, the inheritance style of traditional knowledge is decreasing. Indig- enous knowledge plays an important role in the sustainable development of this village, which gives implications for development practices to involve indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development.

关键词： traditional knowledge natural resource management population control Dong ethnicity Guizhou

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Competition of the active roots of Cassia siamea Lam. and Zea mays L.(*** Composite B) in an alley cropping trial in semi arid Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第4期11卷 462-467页

作者： G.O.Umaya\+1, J.N.M.Macharia\+1, J.C.Onyango\+1,C.J.Stigter\+2. C.L.Coulson\+1 (1.Department of Botany, university of Nairobi, P.O.Box 30197,Kenya 2. Department of Meteorology, wageningen Agricultural university, Duivendaal 2. 6701 AP wageningen, The Department of Botany University of Nairobi P. O. Box 30197 Kenya Department of Meteorology Wageningen Agricultural University Duivendaal 2 6701 AP Wageningen Netherlands

A study on root competition in alley cropping was carried out in an agroforestry system, involving Cassia siamea Lam. and maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Katumani composite B). The existence and intensity of root competition in the top soil as manifested by the distribution of the active roots of cassia and maize, in space and time, was assessed. The root length density of maize was far greater than that of cassia in the upper 10 cm, implying that cassia was not competing with maize for water and/or nutrients at that depth. However, at maize crop tasselling and grain filling stages there was a marked overlap of roots of the two plants at lower depths (2.—50 cm). This varied with distance from the cassia hedge in a way that there was a tendency for highest overlap near middle maize rows. This partly explained observed yield differences. Therefore cassia may not be a suitable choice for alley cropping with maize under semi\|arid conditions on non\|sloping land, unless most of its active roots can be properly managed to absorb resources below the feeding rhizosphere of the active maize roots.

关键词： agroforestry Cassia siamea Zea mays root competition semi\|arid

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Payment for Environmental Services:The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China

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China & World Economy 2008年第2期16卷 66-81页

作者： Lei Zhang Qin Tu Arthur P. J. Mol Assistant Professor Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands Associate research Fellow Institute of World Economics and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing China and Development Economics Group Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands Professor Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands

China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2.02. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off-farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government-initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2.04, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation o f farmers and the development of off-farm economic activities.

关键词： China Sloping Land Conversion Program social capital sustainability

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A Novel Method for Evaluating Fatigue Properties of Bonding Layers Used in Bridge Deck Pavement

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2009年第2期24卷 330-332页

作者：周杰 School of Materials and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology

A new method was used to evaluate the fatigue properties of the bonding layer used in the bridge deck pavement. The shear fatigue test of three bonding layers was conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer（DSR）. The fatigue formulas were gained for these layers. The experimental results indicate that, at the same torque level or at the same frequency, neoprene latex asphalt bonding layer exhibits excellent fatigue performance when compared to other two bonding layers.

关键词： asphalt bonding layer shear fatigue dynamic shear rheometer

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Modelling of Time Dependency of Chloride Diffusion Coefficient in Cement Paste

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2010年第4期25卷 687-691页

作者：张明中 Microlab Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 2628 CN Delft The Netherlands

A computer-based model and method was presented to predict the time dependency of chloride diffusion coefficients in cement paste. The HYMOSTRUC3D model was applied to generate a 3D representative elementary volume （REV） of cement paste. In the simulation of microstructure, both of cement hydration and chloride binding were considered. With the simulated microstructure of cement paste, the finite element method was applied to simulate the diffusion process of chloride through the saturated cement paste. Based on the Fick’s first law, the chloride diffusion coefficient can be calculated. In this method, the influences of age and w/c ratio on the chloride diffusion coefficient were evaluated. The simulated chloride diffusivities with various w/c at different time were compared to experimental data obtained from the literature. The experimental results indicate that the chloride diffusion coefficient decreases with the increase of time and the decrease of w/c ratio. The trend of simulated relationship （diffusion coefficient vs time, diffusion coefficient vs w/c ratio） fits very well with the experiments.

关键词： cement paste time dependency chloride diffusion coefficient chloride binding HYMOSTRUC3D

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Selective Extraction Methods for Aluminium,Iron and Organic Carbon from Montane Volcanic Ash Soils

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 549-565页

作者： B.JANSEN F.H.TONNEIJCK J.M.VERSTRATEN Earth Surface Science research Group Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam IUCN National Committee of the netherlands Plantage Middenlaan 2C

Montane volcanic ash soils contain disproportionate amounts of soil organic carbon and thereby play an often underestimated role in the global carbon *** the central role of Al and Fe in stabilizing organic matter in volcanic ash soils,we assessed various extraction methods of Al,Fe,and C fractions from montane volcanic ash soils in northern Ecuador,aiming at elucidating the role of Al and Fe in stabilizing soil organic matter(SOM).We found extractions with cold sodium hydroxide,ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid,sodium pyrophosphate,and sodium tetraborate to be particularly *** of these methods yielded information about the role of the mineral phase in stabilizing organic matter and the differences in type and degree of complexation of organic matter with Al and Fe in the various horizons and soil *** tetraborate extraction proved the only soft extraction method that yielded simultaneous information about the Al,Fe,and C fractions *** also appeared to differentiate between SOM fractions of different *** fractions of copper chloride-and potassium chloride-extractable Al were useful in assessing the total reactive and toxic Al fractions,*** classical subdivision of organic matter into humic acids,fulvic acids,and humin added little useful *** use of fulvic acids as a proxy for mobile organic matter as done in several model-based approaches seems invalid in the soils studied.

关键词： complexation global carbon cycle soft extraction method soil organic matter

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TILLING & EcoTILLING in tomato:harvesting artificial and natural genetic diversity

TILLING & EcoTILLING in tomato:harvesting artificial and nat...

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中国的遗传学研究——遗传学进步推动中国西部经济与社会发展——2.11年中国遗传学会大会

作者： wageningen UR,Laboratory of Plant Breeding,Droevendalseteeg 1,6700AJ{2.,The netherlands Current address:university of Florida,Citrus research and Education Center,700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred,FL 33850-2.99,USA

Mutants for specific traits of interest are broadly used in plant breeding to introduce particular characteristics in commercial *** production of a large collection of mutants and the isolation of mutations related to a selected trait thus represents an important *** chemical mutagenesis produces G/C to A/T transitions and is a well characterized method to

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Fatigue Performance of Bridge Deck Pavement Materials

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2009年第2期24卷 318-320页

作者：吴少鹏 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Technology

Three beam samples of bridge deck pavement were prepared, with gradation types of AC-13, and AC-16 and combined AC-13＋AC-16. Four-point bending test was adopted to investigate the fatigue performance of these beam samples. The experimental results indicate that the initial bending stiffness is related to the type of beam sample samples decreases as the increase of the controlled strain fatigue resistance and bigger limiting bending strain at pared with single beam sample, the fatigue performance and testing temperature. Fatigue life of these level. The AC-13 beam sample exhibits better the given strain level and temperature. Corn- of combining beam samnle is relatively poor.

关键词： bridge deck pavement beam sample four-point bending test fatigue

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Effect of MSWI Fly Ash and Incineration Residues on Cement Performances

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2010年第2期25卷 312-315页

作者：李相国 Key Laboratory for Silicate Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Technology

The activities of municipal solid waste incineration （MSWI） fly ash and incineration residues were studied contrastively, through the component analysis and the activity ratio tests. The mechanical properties, hydration mechanism and leaching toxicity of the hardened cement paste mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the active constituents （CaO＋Al2.3＋Fe2.3） in MSWI fly ash were higher than those in incineration residues. Therefore the activity ratio of MSWI fly ash was 43.58%, twice as much as that of incineration residues. Meanwhile, the hydration of cement was delayed by mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues, which also reduced the cement strength markedly. By adding with exceeding 2.% MSWI fly ash, the specimens expanded and microcracks appeared. The leaching toxicities of cement pasted mixed with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were lower than the Chinese national standard. Accordingly the cement mixed by MSWI fly ash and incineration residues can be considered as the environment-friendly materials.

关键词： MSWI fly ash incineration residues activity ratio leaching toxicity

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A decision-making model of development intensity based on similarity relationship between land attributes intervened by urban design

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 1743-1754页

作者： WANG JianGuo1, ZHANG Yu2.& FENG Han3 1 School of Architecture, Southeast university Key Laboratory for Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 2.0096, China 2.School of Architecture, Southeast university, Nanjing 2.0096, China 3 Faculty of Architecture, Delft university of Technology, 2.2. CR Delft, netherlands 1. Key Laboratory for Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation Ministry of Education Nanjing 210096 China2. School of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China3. Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology 2628 CR Delft Netherlands

The paper presents a dynamic model intervened by urban design for the decision-making of land development intensity, which expresses the inherent interaction mechanism between lands based on the evaluation of land attributes and their similarity relationship. Each land unit is described with several factors according to their condition and potential for development, such as land function, accessibility, historical site control, landscape control, and so on. Then, the dynamic reference relationship between land units is established according to the similarity relationship between their factors. That means lands with similar conditions tend to have similar development intensities, which expresses the rule of the spontaneous urban development. Therefore, the development intensities of the pending lands can be calculated by the confirmed ones. Furthermore, the system can be actively intervened by adjusting the parameters according to urban design or planning intentions. And the reaction of the system offers effective support and reference for reasonable decision. The system with multiple intervention input is not only a credible tool for deriving development intensities, but also a platform to activate urban design conception. Above all, the system as a socio-technical tool integrates the optimization of form, function and environment, and embodies the principle of impersonality, justice and flexibility in the decision of land development intensity.

关键词： land development intensity urban design land attribute similarity relationship complex system FAR

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