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Earthquake-controlled event deposits and its tectonic significance from the Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone in the Sydney Basin, australia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1337-1346页

作者： DU Yuansheng1, G. R. Shi1,2.& GONG Yiming1 1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China 2. school of ecology and environment, deakin University,{2., australia Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China school of ecology and {2. Deakin University Victoria Australia

The Sydney-Bowen basin in eastern australia is an elongate back arc-converted foreland basin system situated between the Lachlan Fold Belt in the west and the New England Fold Belt in the east. The Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone at Warden Head near Ulla- dulla in the southern Sydney Basin is dominated by fossiliferous siltstone and mudstone, with a large amount of dropstones and minor pebbly sandstone beds. Two general types of deposits are recognized from the siltstone unit in view of the timing and mechanism of formation. One is rep- resented by the primary deposits from offshore to subtidal environments with abundant drop- stones of glacial marine origin. The second type is distinguished by secondary, soft-sediment deformational deposits and structures, and comprises three layers of mudstone dykes of seismic origin. In the latter type, metre scale, laterally extensive syn-depositional slump deformation structures occur in the middle part of the Wandrawandian Siltstone. The deformation structures vary in morphology and pattern, including large-scale complex-type folds, flexural stratification, concave-up structures, faulting of small displacements accompanied by folding and brecciation. The slumps and associated syn-sedimentary structures are attributed to penecontemporaneous deformations of soft sediments (mostly silty mud) formed as a result of mass movement of un- consolidated and/or semi-consolidated substrate following an earthquake event. The occurrence of the earthquake event deposits supports the current view that the Sydney Basin was located in a back-arc setting near the New England magmatic arc on an active continental margin during the Middle Permian.

关键词： Permian, seismites, earthquake, tectonics, Sydney Basin, australia.

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High-Resolution Geochemical Significance of Lowest Triassic at Majiashan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2000年第3期19卷 125-130页

作者： Peng Yuanqiao Tong Jinnan Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China Shi Guangrong school of ecology and {2., {3. University, Rusden Campus, Clayton, victoria 3.68, australia

The Permian Triassic boundary (PTB) and the lowest Triassic in the Yangtze region are considered to be the sediments of dysaeroxic and even anoxic environments, due to the dark thin bedded fine deposits, the highly developed parallel beddings with pyrites, the suppression of bio disturbance, and the monotonous fossils. However, the trace fossils there show a rather weak effect of the anoxic event. Meanwhile, the high resolution geochemical data are analyzed with 2. cm interval in the PTB and the lowest Triassic at the Majiashan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province. The results show that the water depth of Chaohu region in the earliest Triassic was shallow, which might be a feature of the neritic environment. The high resolution geochemical proxies for anoxia have some contrary results. The geochemical data often indicate the dysaeroxic and even anoxic environments during that time, whereas other proxies (such as w (V)/ w (Cr), w (Ni)/ w (Co)) denote that they are normal marine sediments.

关键词： Majiashan Section Permian Triassic boundary (PTB) lowest Triassic high resolution geochemical data environmental analyses.

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Risk Analysis on Groundwater Resources Carrying Capacity Based on Blind Number Theory

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2007年第4期12卷 669-676页

作者： ZHANG Ji1,2.YU Sujun3.. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China 2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3. {3. of environmental Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China

Blind numbers of evaluation indices about groundwater resources carrying capacity are defined from the concomitancy of randomness, fuzziness, grey property and unascertainment of groundwater system. Based on fuzzy theory, a comprehensive evaluation model on groundwater resources carrying capacity is constructed with blind information. Then a risk assessment model of surcharge about groundwater resources carrying capacity is established on blind reliability theory. The probable value ＂＊＂ matrix of fuzzy membership degree about carrying capacity corresponding to each judgment level can be obtained with the aid of blind algorithm as well as the subjective reliability ＂×＂ matrix. And then a graph of ＂groundwater carrying capacity v.s. accumulative reliability＂ can be gained Based on the graph, fuzzy membership degree of groundwater resources carrying capacity to each judgment level under different risk probability can be got. Thus, a comparatively reasonable judgment to groundwater resources carrying capacity might be obtained, with comprehensive analysis to the state of society, economy technology and ecology.

关键词： blind number theory groundwater resources carrying capacity evaluation risk analysis

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Effect of non-point source pollution on water quality of the Weihe River

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第1期26卷 50-61页

作者： LI Jiake~(1*),LI Huaien~2.SHEN Bing~3.and LI Yajiao~4 Xi’an University of Technology,Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource and environment ecology of MOE,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710048,China Xi’an University of Technology,Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource and environment ecology of MOE,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710048,China, Xi’an University of Technology,Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource and environment ecology of MOE,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710048,China, school of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi, 710054,China, Associate Prof. Dr. Xi'an University of Technology Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource and Environment Ecology of MOE Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China Prof. Dr. Xi'an University of Technology Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource and Environment Ecology of MOE Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China Dr. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China

Non-point source pollution is an important factor that affects the water quality of the Weihe *** study the effect of the pollution on the water quality of the Weihe River,five flood events and three normal discharge events during non-flood period were monitored from July to December in 2.06,at the Lin-tong *** order to identify how sediment influenced the water quality of the river,raw and supernatant samples taken from the monitored events were *** samples were siphoned from 5 cm below the water surface of the raw samples at the lab afterwards the raw samples were shaken up and laid for 3. minutes in the *** results indicated that:1) The concentrations of SS,COD,TP and TN in the raw samples from flood events were higher than those from normal discharge *** higher values of the COD,TP and TN in the raw samples resulted from natural humic matters in surface soil.2. The load transport rate of analyzed water quality indexes increased gradually to its maximum and then drop down,matching that in the discharge *** concentrations of SS,NH-N,NO-N,NO-N,COD,and TP in the raw samples increased initially and then decreased,while the concentration of dissolved orthophosphate and TN in the raw samples decreased gradually and then *** peak time of concentration and load transport rate of SS as well as COD,TP and TN in the raw samples were close to or lagged behind the time of peak flow. Generally,the peak time of concentration and load transport rate of dissolved orthophosphate, dissolved total-phosphate,NH-N,NO-N,and NO-N occurred prior to the time of peak flow.3. The mean concentration method was used to calculate the NPS pollution load at Lin-tong section,and the results are *** 2.06,the proportions of the NPS pollution load to the total load for COD,TP, TN and inorganic nitrogen were more than 3.%.

关键词： Weihe River Non-point source pollution Flood Monitoring Load

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Effects of diatoms on reproduction and growth of marine copepods

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第10期14卷 1-7页

作者： ZHANG Guangtao 1,2. and SUN Song 1 (1.Key Laboratory of Marine ecology&environment Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao2.6071,China 2.Graduate {2.,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing10003.,China) Key Laboratory of Marine ecology & environment Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China. Graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Two hot spots in marine ecology,deleterious effects of diatoms and feeding selectivity of copepods,as well as new progress on these two issues achieved in the recent ten years,are *** two issues are considered correlated *** and their metabolites can induce deleterious effects on growth,reproduction and development of copepods,including increase of mortality and decrease of egg production,hatching and growth *** negative effects,resulting from either chemical toxin or nutritional defi-ciency,can be conquered in natural environments by diverse *** is therefore concluded that deleterious effects of diatoms observed in laboratory or during blooming period are only a special case that accommodation of feeding strategy of copepods is *** under-stand their feeding strategy in natural environments is a prerequisite to explaining the mechanisms of deleterious effects caused by diatoms,and makes it possible to re-evaluate the energy flow in marine ecosystems.

关键词： diatoms copepod feeding strategy reproduction deleterious effects

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Spectral response of rice(Oryza sativa L.) leaves to Fe^(2.) stress

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 747-753页

作者： CHI GuangYu1,2.CHEN Xin1,SHI Yi1 & LIU XinHui3.1 Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process,Institute of Applied ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China 2.Graduate {3. of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3.State Key Joint Laboratory of {2.al Simulation and Pollution Control,{3. of {2.,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate school of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Joint Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

In the management of lake eutrophication,the regulation effect of Fe is considered,in addition to the controlling nitrogen-and phosphorus *** on the "Fe hypothesis",this paper tentatively applied plant spectral response to the remote sensing early-warning mechanism of lake eutrophication.A laboratory water culture experiment with rice(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted to study Fe uptake by plants and the chlorophyll concentration and visible-near infrared spectrum of vegetable leaves as well as their interrelations under Fe2. *** spectral indices,i.e.,A1(integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range 460―670 nm under Fe2. stress),A2.integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range of 760―1000 nm under Fe2. stress) and S(blue-shift range of red edge curve under Fe2. stress),were used to establish quantitative models about the relationships between the rice leaf spectrum and Fe2. *** the increase of Fe2. in a culture solution,the Fe content in rice plants increased,while the chlorophyll concentration in vegetative leaves *** spectral reflectivity of vegetable leaves increased in the visible light band but decreased in the near infrared band,and the blue-shift range of the red edge curve *** indices A1,A2.and S all had significant correlations with the Fe content in rice leaves,the correlation coefficient being respectively 0.951(P 2.> 0.96) and predict the Fe level in rice leaves.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) spectrum Fe2. lake eutrophication

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Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第3期51卷 263-270页

作者： MA WenHong1,2. YANG YuanHe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2.& FANG JingYun1 1 Department of ecology, College of Urban and {3.al Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2.{2. of {3. & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate {2., Shenzhen 518055, China Department of ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China school of environment & Urban Study Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China

Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113.sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 13.5.2.g/m2. respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2.and a BGB of 3.1.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak.

关键词： temperate grasslands aboveground biomass (AGB) belowground biomass (BGB) spatial pattern vertical distribution precipitation

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Lianas as structural parasites:A re-evaluation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 307-312页

作者： TANG Yong Roger L.KITCHING CAO Min Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Griffith school of the environment Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland 4111Australia

Lianas are a principal physiognomic component of tropical and subtropical forests and are typically considered to be parasites of trees. In contrast, the substantial contribution of lianas to rainforest leaf litter production (up to 40%) suggests that they play important roles in nutrient cycles and may benefit their host trees. Lianas contribute disproportionately to total forest litter production at least partially because lianas invest relatively little in support structures and proportionately much more to leaf production when compared with trees. In contrast to tree leaves, liana leaves are higher in nutrient concentrations, relatively short-lived, and decompose more rapidly. In addition, the special life form of lianas allows them to grow vertically and horizontally in the forest and relocate nutrients, mainly towards their host trees, through the production of leaf litter. Consequently, lianas may contribute substantially to the high rainforest productivity, and the roles they play in liana/tree associations and rainforest dynamics needs to be re-evaluated.

关键词：木质藤本植物支撑结构寄生虫重新评价亚热带森林森林凋落物烟叶生产热带雨林

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Northeast China Rice Fields in Fallow Season

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 630-638页

作者： LIANG Wei SHI Yi ZHANG Hua YUE Jin HUANG Guo-Hong Institute of Applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10005g （China） College of Resources and environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 （China）

CH4, N2. and CO2.emissions from northeast Chinese rice fields were measured in the fallow season （November to March） to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing on the emissions. Both CH4 emission from and atmospheric CH4 oxidation by the soil occurred, but the flux was small. During the fallow season, rice fields acted as a minor source of atmospheric CH4, which accounted for about 1% of the CH4 emission during the rice growing period. The field was also a substantial source of atmospheric N2., which ranged between 40 to 77 mg m-2.and eu=counted for 40%-50% of the annual N2. emission. The largest N2. flux was observed in the thawing period during the fallow season. Laboratory incubation tests showed that the largest N2. flux came from the release of N2. trapped in frozen soil. Tillage and rice straw application （either mulched on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil） stimulated the CH4 and CO2.emissions during the fallow season, but only straw application stimulated N2. emission substantially.

关键词： CH4 CO2 freezing-thawing N2. rice field

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Storage,Patterns and Controls of Soil Nitrogen in China

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 776-785页

作者： YANG Yuan-He MA Wen-Hong A. MOHAMMAT FANG Jing-Yun Department of ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 （China） school of environment and Urban Study Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 （China）

Soil holds the largest nitrogen(N)pool in terrestrial ecosystems,but estimates of soil N stock remain controversial. Storage and spatial distribution of soil N in China were estimated and the relationships between soil N density and environmental factors were explored using data from China's Second National Soil Survey and field investigation in northwest China and the Tibetan ***'s soil N storage at a depth of one meter was estimated at 7.4 Pg,with an average density of 0.84 kg m^(-2..Soil N density appeared to be high in southwest and northeast China and low in the middle areas of the *** N density increased from the arid to semi-arid zone in northern China,and decreased from cold-temperate to tropical zone in the eastern part of the *** analysis of general linear model suggested that climate and vegetation determined the spatial pattern of soil N density for natural vegetation,which explained 75.4% of the total variance.

关键词： Climate soil nitrogen soil texture spatial distribution vegetation

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