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Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5—C13.hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2. Zhao Hong2.3. Xu Guanjun1,4, Zhu Cuishan2.3. Xiao Tingrong4, Zhang Min2.3.and Zhang Bin1,4(1. Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry, china National petroleum Corporation, beijing 100083. china 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43.02., china 3. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43.02., china 4. petroleum Geology Central Laboratory, research institute of petroleum Exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083. china) Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China petroleum Geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5975 MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5—C13.hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5—C13.compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13.alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02.0.58 minutes. Totally 2.6 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude Oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13.hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil

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Seismic wave propagating in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 147-153页

作者： YUAN Chunfang1, PENG Suping1, ZHANG Zhongjie2.& LIU Zhenkuan3.1. china University of Mining & Technology, beijing 100083. china 2. {2. of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 3. Exploration and development research {2. of Daqing Oilfield, Daqing 163.12. china 1. china University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China 2. institute of Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. Exploration and development research {2. of Daqing Oilfield Daqing 163712 China

This paper studies, under a small disturbance, the responses of seismic transient wave in the visco-elastic media and the analytic solution of the corresponding third-order partial differential equation. A plane wave solution of Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic third-order partial differ-ential equation with a pulse source is obtained. By the principle of pulse stacking of particle vibration, the result is extended to the solution of Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic third-order partial differential equation with any source. The velocities of seismic wave propagating and the attenuation of seismic wave in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media are discussed. The velocities of seismic wave propagating and the coefficient of attenuation of seismic wave in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media are derived, expressed as functions of density of the media, elastic modulus and visco-elastic coefficient. These results can be applied in inversing lithology parameters in geophysical prospecting.

关键词： Kelvin-Voigt visco-elastic velocity attenuation seismic wave.

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High-Resolution Transgressive-Regressive Sequence Stratigraphy of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Southwestern Ordos Basin,Northern china

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第4期21卷 423-438页

作者：吕明胜陈开远薛良清衣丽萍朱红涛 research institute of {2. Exploration & {3. PetroChina School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences china National Oil and Gas Exploration and development Corporation Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences

The reservoirs within the Chang 8 Member of Yanchang(延长) Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin are characterized by low *** is significant to build a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the exploration and development of these *** on an integrated investigation of well logs,seismic data,cores and outcrops,the Chang 8 Member is interpreted as a 3.d-order transgressive-regressive(T-R) sequence,which consists of six 4th-order T-R sequences,namely,K1,K2.K3.K4,K5 and K6,respectively,from base to *** 4th-order sequence comprises a transgressive systems tract overlain by a regressive systems *** K1 to transgressive systems tract of K4,it is characterized by the landward shifts of facies and overall retrogradational sequence stacking pattern due to accommodation increase more than sediment supply during the 3.d-order base-level *** distributary channels are mainly deposited in the transgressive systems tracts,and the interdistributary bays,sheet sands,and small-scale mouth bars are primarily developed in the regressive systems tracts in response to the 4th-order base-level *** the regressive systems tracts of K4 to K6,it is characterized by the basinward shifts of facies and overall progradational sequence stacking pattern because of accommodation increase less than sediment supply during a fall in 3.d-order base *** distributary channels are mainly accumulated in the transgressive systems tracts,and distributary channels and mouth bars are deposited in the regressive systems tracts as a result of the 4th-order base-level *** stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses indicate that sequences K1,K2.K5 and K6,as well as the basin edge of K3.and K4,remain potential for exploration and development due to their high reservoir quality in response to the low accommodation and more sediment supply.

关键词： transgressive-regressive sequence base level sediment supply sequence stratigraphic framework Ordos basin.

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Identification of marine natural gases with different origin sources

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 148-164页

作者： WANG YunPeng 1 ,ZHAO ChangYi 2.,WANG ZhaoYun 2.,WANG HongJun 2.,TIAN Jin 1 ,ZOU YanRong 1 &LIU JinZhong1 1State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou {3. of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2.0} of Geology,research {3. of petroleum Exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083.china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083

Kinetic experiments of gas generation for typical samples of marine gas precursors including low-maturity kerogen,residual kerogen and oil as well as dispersed liquid hydrocarbon(DLH)in source rocks were performed by closed system,and the evolution trends of molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gases from different precursors against the maturity(R0%)at laboratory conditions were *** diagrams of gas origin were calibrated by using the experimental data.A diagram based on the ratio of normal and isomerous butane and pentane(i/nC4-i/nC5)was proposed and used to identify the origins of the typical marine natural gases in the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, *** the maturities of natural gases were estimated by using the statistical relationships between the gaseous molecular carbon isotopic data and maturities(δ13.-R 0 %)with different *** results indicate that the molecular and isotopic compositions of simulated gases from different precursors are different from each *** example,the dryness index of the oil-cracking gas is the lowest;the dryness indices of gases from DLH and kerogen in closed system are almost the same;and the dryness index of gases from residual kerogen is extremely high,indicating that the kerogen gases are very dry;the contents of non-hydrocarbon gases in kerogen-cracking gases are far higher than those in oil-cracking and DLH-cracking *** molecular carbon isotopes of oil-cracking gases are the lightest,those of kerogen in closed system and GLH-cracking gases are the second lightest,and those of cracking gases from residual kerogen are the *** calibration results indicate that the diagrams of ln(C1/C2.-ln(C2.C3.andδ13.2.δ13.3.ln(C2.C3.can discriminate primary and secondary cracking gases,but cannot be used to identify gas origin sources,while the diagram of i/nC4-i/nC5 can differentiate the gases from different *** application results of these diagrams show that gas mixtures ext

关键词： marine organic matter gas origin sources kerogen oil-cracking gas origin identification carbon isotope

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Two conceptual models of displacement transfer and examples

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 900-911页

作者： GUAN Shuwei1,2. WANG Xin2. YANG Shufeng2. HE Dengfa1 & ZHAO Weidong3.1. {3. institute of {2. Exploration and development, beijing 100083. china 2. Department of Geosciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.002., china 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, china research institute of {2. Exploration and {3. Beijing 100083 China Department of Geosciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Tarim Oilfield Company Korla 841000 China

This paper presents two conceptual models of displacement transfer, reverse sym- metry model and infinitely equal division model, based on the fault-bend folding theory. If the fault shape is held constant in the trend, then the distribution of slip magnitude, geometry of imbricate structures and its axial surface map all display reverse symmetry on the process of displacement transfer, as called reverse symmetry model in this paper. However, if the ramp height of thrust fault decreases gradually along its strike, the displacement is postulated to be equally and infinitely divided to every thrust that is formed subsequently, this kinematic process is described using infinitely equal division model. In both models, displacement transfer is characterized by the regular changes of imbricate thrusting in the trend. Geometric analysis indicates that the displacement transfer grads can be estimated using the tangent of deflective angle of hinterland structures. Displacement transfer is often responsible for the distortion and branching of the surface anticlines, especially in the region where the multi-level detachment structures is developed. We also present some examples from the frontal structures of the Southern Tianshan fold-and-thrust belt, Xinjiang, china. Displacement transfer between deep imbricate thrusts in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone causes the Kuqatawu and Southern Qiulitag deep an- ticlines left-lateral echelon. The region, where these two deep anticlines overlap, is characterized by duplex structures, and extends about 18 km. The shallow anticline is migrated southward displaying obvious “S” form in this area.

关键词： displacement transfer fault-bend folding reverse symmetry model infinitely equal division model Qiulitag zone.

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Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,china,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1746-1755页

作者： DENG ShengHui1,2. WAN ChuanBiao3.& YANG JianGuo3.1 research institute of {2. Exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083. china 2.State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, beijing 100083.china 3.Daqing institute of {2. Exploration and development, petrochina, Daqing 164712. china research institute of {2. Exploration and {3. PetroChina Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing 100083 China Daqing institute of petroleum Exploration and {2. PetroChina Daqing 164712 China

This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest china. The flora consists of 2. species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2. Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North china Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian.

关键词： Late Permian mixed Angara-Cathaysia flora Paleoasian Ocean plate collision Heilongjiang Province of china

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Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2.gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1070-1078页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Hongjun1, SHAN Jiazeng2. WANG Zecheng1 & XU Dafeng1 1. research institute of {2. Exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083. china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 1. research institute of {2. Exploration and {3. Petrochina Beijing 100083 China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In a 3.D closed geological body, in case “structural expanding” inside is induced by stress, it can produce the pressure difference between the expanding cell and surrounding rock, then generate a pumping force directed toward the cell and accelerate the directional flow of fluid in the strata. The structural style and conditions of gas reservoir-formation in the Kuqa depression are favorable to the structural pumping. According to similarity principle, a physical modeling of structure formation and gas filling process of the Kela 2.gas field has justified the occurrence of structural pumping and its important role in gas-reservoir formation with high efficiency under the compressive and well-sealed circumstance. Therefore, authors propose that structural pumping is an important mechanism of gas reservoir-formation with high efficiency in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： Kela 2 gas field, structural pumping, gas-reservoir formation mechanism, high efficiency,physical modeling.

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Biogas charging and dissipating process and its accumulation in the Sebei gasfield,Qaidam Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 36-44页

作者： JIN Qiang 1,CHENG FuQi 1,2.,SU AiGuo 3.,ZHU GuangYou 3.,WANG Li 1 &CAO Qian 1 1 china University of petroleum,Dongying,Shandong 2.7061,china 2.Geological institute of Shengli Oilfield,SINOPEC,Dongying,Shandong 2.7015,china 3.petroleum Exploration and development institute,petrochina,{13. 100083.china china Univ Petr Shandong 257061 Peoples R China SINOPEC Geol Inst Shengli Oilfield Shandong 257015 Peoples R China petrochina Petr Explorat & Dev Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Sebei gasfield is the largest biogas accumulation found in china and many reservoirs and seal rocks superposed on a syndepositional anticline in *** biogas charging and dissipating process and its distribution have been a research focus for many *** authors suggest a diffusing and accumulating model for the biogas,as they find that the shallower the gas producer,the more methane in the biogas,and the lighter stable carbon isotope composition of *** on the diffusing model,diffused biogas is quantitatively estimated for each potential sandy reservoir in the gasfield,and the gas charging quantity for the sandy reservoir is also calculated by the diffused gas quantity plus gas reserve in-place.A ratio of diffusing quantity to charging quantity is postulated to describe biogas accumulating state in a sandy reservoir,if the ratio is less than 0.6,the reservoir forms a good gas-pool and high-production layer in the gasfield,which often occurs in the reservoirs deeper than 900 m;if the ratio is greater than 0.6,a few gas accumulated in the reservoir,which frequently exists in the reservoirs shallower than 900 ***,a biogas accumulation model is built up as lateral direct charging from gas source for the sands deeper than 900 m and indirect charging from lower gas-bearing sands by diffusion at depth shallower than 900 *** this charging and diffusion quantitative model,the authors conducted re-evaluation on each wildcat in the central area of the Qaidam Basin,and found many commercial biogas layers.

关键词： biogas charging and diffusing model relative dissipated quantity Qaidam Basin

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A method of identifying effective source rocks and its application in the Bozhong Depression,Bohai Sea,china

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 458-465页

作者： Jiang Fujie Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Zhou Xiaohui Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China research institute of {2. Exploration and {3. PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

research on effective source rocks directly affects the accuracy of identifying hydrocarbon resources, and indirectly affects the exploration decisions in petroliferous basins. Although the previous evaluation methods of effective source rocks vary relatively widely, a complete quantitative evaluation approach has not yet been developed. For that reason, we redefined the concept of effective source rocks based on the existing research results. Surrounding this definition, and guided by the hydrocarbon expulsion theory, the quantitative model called ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is established to predict effective source rocks. Its application in the Bozhong Depression indicates that among the four sets source rocks in the Bozhong Depression, the Member 3.of the Shahejie Formation （Es 3.） has the largest effective source rock thickness, and the Member 1 Member 2.of the Shahejie Formation （Es 1＋2.） is the second largest .The effective part of dark mudstone is only 3.%-80% of the total volume and with the increase of buried depth and improvement of quality, the effective part increases. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is a practical technique for effective source rock prediction.

关键词： Source rock effectiveness hydrocarbon expulsion threshold Bozhong Depression Bohai Sea

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An analysis of seismic attenuation in random porous media

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 628-637页

作者： LIU Jiong1, BA Jing2. MA JianWei1 & YANG HuiZhu1 1 institute of Seismic Exploration, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, {2. 2.research institute of petroleum Exploration & development, petrochina, beijing 100083. china 1. institute of Seismic Exploration School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The attenuation of seismic wave in rocks has been one of the interesting research topics, but till now no poroelasticity models can thoroughly explain the strong attenuation of wave in rocks. In this paper, a random porous medium model is designed to study the law of wave propagation in complex rocks based on the theory of Biot poroelasticity and the general theory of stochastic process. This model sets the density of grain, porosity, permeability and modulus of frame as random parameters in space, and only one fluid infiltrates in rocks for the sake of better simulation effect in line with real rocks in earth strata. Numerical simulations are implemented. Two different inverse quality factors of fast P-wave are obtained by different methods to assess attenuation through records of virtual detectors in wave field (One is amplitude decay method in time domain and the other is spectral ratio method in frequency domain). Comparing the attenuation results of random porous medium with those of homogeneous porous medium, we conclude that the attenuation of seismic wave of homogeneous porous medium is far weaker than that of random porous medium. In random porous media, the higher heterogeneous level is, the stronger the attenuation becomes, and when heterogeneity σ = 0.15 in simulation, the attenuation result is consistent with that by actual observation. Since the central frequency (50 Hz) of source in numerical simulation is in earthquake band, the numerical results prove that heterogeneous porous structure is one of the important factors causing strong attenuation in real stratum at intermediate and low frequency.

关键词： the theory of stochastic process the theory of Biot poroelasticity the attenuation of seismic wave inverse quality factor

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