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Micro-mechanisms of residual oil mobilization by viscoelastic fluids

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Zhang Lijuan Yue Xiang＇an Guo Fenqiao Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China development Department Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China

Four typical types of residual oil, residual oil trapped in dead ends, oil ganglia in pore throats, oil at pore corners and oil film adhered to pore walls, were studied. According to main pore structure characteristics and the fundamental morphological features of residual oil, four displacement models for residual oil were proposed, in which pore-scale flow behavior of viscoelastic fluid was analyzed by a numerical method and micro-mechanisms for mobilization of residual oil were discussed. Calculated results indicate that the viscoelastic effect enhances micro displacement efficiency and increases swept volume. For residual oil trapped in dead ends, the flow field of viscoelastic fluid is developed in dead ends more deeply, resulting in more contact with oil by the displacing fluid, and consequently increasing swept volume. In addition, intense viscoelastic vortex has great stress, under which residual oil becomes small oil ganglia, and finally be carried into main channels. For residual oil at pore throats, its displacement mechanisms are similar to the oil trapped in dead ends. Vortices are developed in the depths of the throats and oil ganglia become smaller. Besides, viscoelastic fluid causes higher pressure drop on oil ganglia, as a driving force, which can overcome capillary force, consequently, flow direction can be changed and the displacing fluid enter smaller throats. For oil at pore corners, viscoelastic fluid can enhance displacement efficiency as a result of greater velocity and stress near the corners. For residual oil adhered to pore wall, viscoelastic fluid can provide a greater displacing force on the interface between viscoelastic fluid and oil, thus, making it easier to exceed the minimum interfacial tension for mobilizing the oil film.

关键词： Viscoelastic chemical flooding displacement mechanism residual oil swept volume

A Study of Sedimentary Environment and Reservoir Quality of the Carboniferous Donghe Sandstonein the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第4期70卷 395-406,454页

作者： Gu Jiayuresearch institute of {2. exploration and development, beijing research institute of {2. exploration and development Beijing

Very thick, fine-grained quartzose sandstone of the Lower Carboniferous (called the Donghe sandstone) was discovered in Donghe-1 well in the Tarim basin. Highly-productive commercial oil and gas flows were obtained when a well completion test was conducted. This important discovery proved that the quartzose sandstone is a prospecting target with good prospects. After that, other two paying oil and gas flows were found in the Lower Carboniferous in the Tazhong-4 and Tazhong-10 structures (Tazhong means central Tarim), equivalent to the Donghe sandstone. The Tazhong-4 structural oil field is the biggest oil field ever discovered. Therefore it is of guiding importance in oil and gas exploration to deepen the study of sedimentary and reservoir features and the sedimentary environment of the Donghe sandstone and to build a sedimentary model in order to understand the reservoir distribution pattern.

关键词： Donghe sandstone sedimentary facies sedimentary model tempestite pore type dissolved pore

A New Method of Identifying Gas Zones by Overlapping Hydrogen Index Curves

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石油勘探与开发 1994年第6期 103-111页

作者： Liu Shu-jie Tan Ting-dong (research institute of {2. exploration and development, cnpc)

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关键词： neutron log density log gas reservoir hydrogen index

Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,china,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1746-1755页

作者： DENG ShengHui1,2. WAN ChuanBiao3 & YANG JianGuo3 1 research institute of {2. exploration and development, Petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2.State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, beijing 100083 china 3 Daqing institute of {2. exploration and development, Petrochina, Daqing 164712. china research institute of {2. exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing 100083 China Daqing institute of petroleum {2. and development PetroChina Daqing 164712 China

This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest china. The flora consists of 2. species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2. Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North china Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian.

关键词： Late Permian mixed Angara-Cathaysia flora Paleoasian Ocean plate collision Heilongjiang Province of china

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A physical model study of effect of fracture aperture on seismic wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 233-240页

作者： WEI JianXin & DI BangRang cnpc Key Physical exploration Laboratory,{2. University of petroleum,beijing 102.48,{2. 1. cnpc Key Physical exploration Laboratory China University of Petroleum Beijing 102248 China

Based on Hudson’s theoretical hypothesis of equivalent fracture model,inserting aligned round chips in solid model can simulate fractured media. The effect of fractures on the propagation of P and S waves can be observed by changing the fracture thickness. The base model is made of epoxy resin,and the material of fractures is a kind of low-velocity mixture containing silicon rubber. With constant diameter and number of fractures in each model,one group of models can be formed through changing the thickness of fracture. These models have the same fracture density. By using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method,the experiment records time and waveform of P and S waves in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the fracture orientation. The result shows that,with the same fracture density,changing fracture aperture will affect both velocity and amplitude of P and S waves,and the effect on P-wave amplitude is much greater than that on the velocity. Moreover,the variation in velocity of S wave is more obvious in the slow shear wave (S2.,while the variation in amplitude is more obvious in the fast shear wave (S1). These properties of wave propagation are useful for seismic data processing and interpretation.

关键词： fracture aperture Hudson’s fracture theory fractured model P-and S-wave velocity amplitude

Forming Mechanism of High Quality Reservoirs of Tertiary in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin and Forecasting Before Drilling

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 139-140页

作者： Lihong Song,Shaoqiang Sui Sedimentary Reservoir Key Laboratories of Experimental Center,exploration and development {2. institute of china petroleum,beijing 100083,china.

Tertiary Junggar Basin has been subjected to a shrinking *** by the Yanshan orogeny, especially the Himalayan movement,the Tianshan Mountain continued to rise,leading the southern margin to the sedimentary environment with steep slope and speed *** major depositional facies in Ziniquanzi Formation is generally a set of delta under the setting of lake transgression,belonging to single deposi-

关键词： Junggar Basin Teritary reservoir heavy mineral diagenesis

Application of C5-C13 light hydrocarbons in depositional environment diagnosis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第9期18卷 1129-1137页

作者： Peirong Wanga,b,, Guanjun Xu a,c, Tingrong Xiaoc, Dajiang Zhanga,c, Bin Zhanga,c a Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry, china National petroleum Corporation, beijing 100083, china b Department of Organic Geochemistry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43402., china c Central Laboratory of petroleum Geology, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, Petro{12., beijing 100083, china Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Department of Organic Geochemistry Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Central Laboratory of petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Based on the geological background and Gammacerane/C31H(S + R) ratios, source rock depositional environments of the studied oil samples (194) from 13 oilfields were classified into three groups according to salinity:saline-lacustrine facies, fresh to brackish lacustrine facies (including limnetic facies), and semi-saline to saline facies (including marine facies of the Tarim Basin).C5-C13 compound groups in the crude oils were separated by GC, and about 2.6 compounds were qualitatively *** geochemical application of the C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios between each group with individual carbon number was *** studies show that (1) C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios in the crude oils could serve as new reliable parameters for oil-oil correlation because the C6-C13 light fractions are the major oil component, especially in light oil or condensate, in which they account for almost 90% of the whole oil;(2. the compound groups of C7 light hydrocarbons in oils derived from difierent depositional environments with difierent salinity have difierent characteristics;(3) C6-C13 compound groups and ratios may be afiected by other factors such as maturity, but they are mainly controlled by salinity of depositional waters.

关键词： Light hydrocarbons Crude oil Depositional environment Salinity

Detection of water in petroleum inclusions and its implications

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Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1501-1507页

作者： CAO Jian1, YAO Suping1, HU Wenxuan1, ZHANG Yijie2. WANG Xulong3, ZHANG Yueqian3 & TANG Yong3 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. research institute of exploration and development, Petrochina, Bei- jing 100083, china 3. research institute of exploration and development, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Petrochina, Karamay 834000, china State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China research institute of {2. and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China research institute of {2. and development Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay 834000 China

FTIR spectra of inclusions sampled from fault-zone reservoirs of the northwestern Junggar Basin show that water, with different abundances, does exist in petroleum inclusions. It is thus implied that petroleum inclusions can seldom form without water. Different inclusions hosted in one single grain, and formed in one oil charging phase, have a largely varied ratio of water to oil and slightly changed CH3/CH2.ratio. This likely provides evidence for fault-related episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.

关键词： water in petroleum inclusions forming mechanism of inclusions episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons FTIR microspectroscopy Junggar Basin.

Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2.3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 Key Lab of Geophysical exploration of cnpc,{2. petroleum University,beijing 102.49,{2. 2.Basin & Reservoir research Center,{2. petroleum University,beijing 102.49,{2. 3 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,{2. University of petroleum,beijing 102.49,{2. 4 research Center of CNOOC,beijing 10002.,{2. 1. Key Lab of Geophysical exploration of cnpc China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 3. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Basin & Reservoir research Center China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 4. research Center of CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)