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Sorption of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants on Modified Soils

Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 235-245页

作者： MENG Zhao-Fu ZHANG Yi-Ping WANG Guo-Dong College of Life science Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）. College of Natural Resources and the Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）

Sorption characteristics of both an organic pollutant (phenol) and a heavy metal (cadmium ion) on the clay layer of a Lou soil (Eum-orthic Anthrosol in Chinese Soil Taxonomy) along with the sorption mechanism were investigated using three soil treatments: modification with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide added at an amount equivalent to 50% and 100% of the soil CEC (50%CB and 100%CB), modification with an amphoteric surface-modifying agent dodecyldimethylbetaine (commercially known as BS-12. added at an amount equivalent to 50% and 100% of the soil CEC (50% BS and 100%BS), and an unmodified control (CK). Results showed that the BS soil treatments increased sorption of both the heavy metal Cd2. and the organic pollutant phenol. The equilibrium sorption amount of Cd2. decreased in the order: 50%BS > 100%BS > CK > 50%CB > 100%CB, with the BS soil treatments being about 1.3 to 1.8 times higher and the CB soil treatments about 2.% to 41% lower than CK. Both the single-site and two-site Langmuir models could be applied to describe the sorption of Cd2. in each soil treatment. The equilibrium sorption amount of phenol on the soil samples decreased in the order: 100%CB > 50%CB > 100%BS > 50%BS > CK, with the CB soil treatments being 41.0 to 79.6 times higher and the BS soil treatments 4.0 to 8.3 times higher than CK. The Freundlich equation could also be used to describe the sorption characteristics of phenol. In the BS soil treatments, both an organophobic long carbon chain and hydrophilic charged groups resulted in a relatively strong sorption ability for both heavy metals and organic pollutants. In addition, the sorption ratio K, the ratio of phenol sorption amount of the modified soil to that of CK, increased initially and decreased later with the amount of phenol added, and the critical sorption ratio KC, the peak value of the sorption ratio curve plotted against the added phenol concentration, was a good index for evaluating the sorption ability of

关键词： amphoteric surface modifying agent cadmium ion phenol sorption characteristics sorption ratio K

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Effect of apple production base on regional water cycle in Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2001年第2期11卷 239-243页

作者： HUANG Ming-bin~1, HE Fu-hong~2. YANG Xin-min~1, LI Yu-shan~1 (1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, yangling 712.00, China 2. northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712.00, China) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS northwest sci-{2. {2. of agriculture and forestry

Weibei upland, located in southern part of the Loess Plateau, is a commercial apple production base in China. The enlargement of apple-planting area has a great impact on the regional water cycle. The effects of different land use on hydrological parameters are compared and studied in this paper. The main results are as follows (1) The initial and steady infiltration rates in apple orchard are higher than those in other land use types such as grassland, idle land and farmland. Their initial rates of infiltration are 0.82. cm/min, 0.2.5 cm/min, 0.534 cm/min and 0.586 cm/min in apple orchard, grassland, idle land and farmland respectively. Their steady infiltration rates are 0.45 cm/min, 0.038 cm/min, 0.191 cm/min and 0.155 cm/min respectively. (2. There is no runoff generated in plot of apple orchard in all 8 storm events in observed natural rainfalls, while runoff is generated in winter wheat plot, corn plot and alfalfa plot with runoff coefficients of 2.39%, 1.58% and 0.31% respectively. (3) The transpiration of apple trees is strong and thus soil moisture is gradually depleted. The average soil water contents in 3–9 m soil profile in Changwu plots with apple trees of 14 and 32.years in age are 11.77% and 11.59% and in Luochuan plots with those of 15 and 2. years in age are 11.7% and 11.59% respectively, which are nearly 9.0% of wilting moisture of Changwu soil and 8.6% of wilting moisture of Luochuan soil. The pathway of rainfall percolating to groundwater is hindered by dry soil profile.

关键词： Loess Plateau Weibei upland water cycle

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Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of guard cells precede stomatal closure

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Cell Research 2001年第1期11卷 37-43页

作者： ZHANG XIAO, FA CAI DONG, JUN FENG GAO, CHUN PENG SONG (Department of Biology, Henan university, Kaifeng 475001, China) (College of Life sciences, {2. sci-{2. university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712.00, China) Department of Biology Henan University Kaifeng China College of Life sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling China

Epidermal bioassay demonstrated that benzylamine, a membrane-permeable weak base, can mimick hydrogen peroxide (H2.2. to induce stomatal closure, and butyric acid, a membrane-permeable weak acid, can partly abolish the H2.2.induced stomatal closure. Confocal pH mapping with the probe 5-(and-6)- carboxy seminaphthorhodafluor- 1 - acetoxymethylester (SNARF-1-AM) revealed that H2.2.leads to rapid changes in cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH in guard cells of Viola faba L, i. e. alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas occur red in parallel with a decrease of the vacuolar pH, and that butyric acid pretreatment can abolish alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas and acidification of vacuolar areas of guard cells challenged with H2.2. These results imply that the alkalinization of cytoplasm via efflux of cytosol protons into the vacuole in guard cells challenged with H2.2.is important at an early stage in the signal cascade leading to stomatal closure.

关键词： H2.2 pH SNARF-1-AM confocal Vicia guard cell.

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Culture of Bovine Fetal Skin Fibroblasts in vitro and Ipr1 Gene Transfection

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畜牧兽医学报 2011年第S1期 7-12页

作者： SONG Yong-li 1,2.HE Xiao-ning 2.HUA Song 2.LAN Jie 2.ZHENG Yue-mao 2.LI Ji-xia 2.HE Xiao-ying 2.QUAN Fu-sheng 2.ZHANG Yong 2.1. College of Veterinary Medicine,Jilin Agricultural science and technology College,Jilin132.01,China 2. Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology & Embryo technology,Ministry of {2.,College of Veterinary Medicine,northwest Agricuture and forestry university,yangling 712.00,China)

In order to generate transgenic donor cells for nuclear transfer, bovine fetal fibroblasts were isolated in vitro and transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector pSRA-EGFP-Ipr1. The mouse Ipr1 gene and human SR-A promoter were successfully cloned and then used to construct this macrophage-specific eukaryotic expression vector. Bovine fetal fibroblasts in stable primary culture (4th passage) were transfected with pSRA-EGFP-Ipr1 by electroporation. Fluorescence from GFP was observed after 2.h. Transgenic cells were selected using G418 and the resultant monoclones were picked and expanded. The transgenic cells, at the 9 th passage, were evaluated by PCR and flow cytometry. The inserted Ipr1 was confirmed by PCR, indicating stable integration of the transgene into the genome and cells had normal karyotypes and very good appearance, which indicate no deleterious result of the transgenesis. In conclusion, the cells obtained could be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer for further research of transgenic cattle.

关键词： donor cells eunuclear expression vector Ipr1 gene bovine fetal fibroblasts cells electroporation EGFP

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Erosion response to anthropogenic activity and climatic changes during the Holocene: case studies in northwestern China and southern Norway

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第4期12卷 467-471页

作者： HE Xiubin1,2. TANG Keli1, John A Matthews3, Geraint Owen3(1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, yangling 712.00, China 2. northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712.00, China 3. Department of Geography, Univer Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS Yangling China northwest sci-{2. {2. of agriculture and forestry Yangling China Department of Geography University of Wales Swansea UK

Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associated with erosion control or soil conservation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide valuable information for us to understand the relations of soil erosion to environmental change and anthropogenic activity. The present paper has compared Holocene climatic changes in northwestern China with those in southern Norway, and investigated the past dynamics of erosion activity during the Holocene. Modern soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combination of the intensive natural erosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being four times greater than the former. Because of global warming and increasing human activities, climate on the Loess Plateau is becoming dryer and more unstable, causing an enhanced erosion problem and water scarcity. In the arctic-alpine region of southern Norway, however, the global warming and regional wetting caused expansion of the largest European ice cap. This has accentuated the erosion in that region, with a higher frequency of avalanches and debris flows.

关键词： anthropogenic activity China climate changes erosion response Norway

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Large-scale information entropy analysis of important sites in mature and precursor miRNA sequences

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science China(Life sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 771-779页

作者： DU JiangFeng1,2.WU YongJun2.ZHANG YinXia3,WU Lei1,2.WANG XiaoLong3,TAO ShiHeng1,2.1 Bioinformatics Center,northwest science and {2.nology {2. of agriculture,yangling 712.00,China 2.College of Life sciences,northwest science and {2.nology {2.,yangling 712.00,China 3 College of science,northwest science and {2.nology {2.,yangling 712.00,China Bioinformatics Center Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture Yangling China College of Life sciences Northwest Science and Technology University Yangling China College of science Northwest Science and Technology University Yangling China

In order to find evidence of consistent sequence conservation or the base correlation degree in miRNA,some important sites in the sequences of reported miRNA and their precursors(pre-miRNA) were investigated via information entropy *** different groups of sites were obtained from special locations(head,tail) in miRNAs of different sources according to taxonomy(animal,plant and virus) and then analyzed by measuring the single base information redundancy(D1(L)) and the adjacent base related information redundancy(D2.L)).The results showed that D2.L) has more information than D1(L),though D1(L) changes roughly consistently with D2.L) in each *** pre-miRNAs are more conservative than those belonging to animals or *** addition,U is dominant in most sites compared with other *** was also found that in the middle of several groups,there were sites where miRNAs were cut down from pre-miRNAs by Enzyme Dicer which were significantly *** phenomenon shows that the conservatism is an aspect of the of miRNA and may be involved in the recognition and cutting by the *** results provided another perspective for understanding more about the primary structure of pre-miRNA.

关键词： miRNA conservative information entropy precursor evolution base correlation degree

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Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 248-256页

作者： GUO Sheng-Li DANG Ting-Hui HAO Ming-De northwest sci- {2. {2. of agriculture and forestry Yangling Shaanxi 712100 （China） Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling Shaanxi 712100 （China）

Knowledge of phosphorus （P） behavior in long-term fertilized soils is essential for programming fertilization practices and for sustaining environmental quality. The long-term （1984-1997） effects of various fertilization treatments on P changes and sorption isotherms as well as the relationship of soil properties to P sorption and P forms were evaluated in an Ustic Isohumisol, a calcareous soil, on the Loess Plateau, China. Compared to 1984, after 13 years of crop production, total soil P in the no-P treatments （control and N treatment） decreased by 5%-7%, but in the phosphorus fertilizer alone （P）, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in combination （NP）, manure alone （M）, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and manure in combination （NPM） treatments, it increased by 2.%, 19%, 2.%, and 58%, respectively. Residual fertilizer P was found mainly in NH4Ac-soluble P （Cas-P）, followed by NaHCO3-soluble P （NaHCO3-P）, and NH4F-soluble P （Al-P）. Phosphorus sorption in the soils with different fertilization practices fit the Langmuir equations. Phosphorus sorption capacity in the no-P treatments increased, whereas it decreased in the P-included treatments （P, NP, and NPM treatments）. Phosphorus sorption maximum （Qm） was significantly and negatively correlated to inorganic P including NaHCO3-P, Cas-P, NaOH-Na2.O3-soluble P （Fe-P）, and Al-P （P ≤ 0.01）. Moreover, long-term fertilization increased soil organic carbon in the NP, M, and NPM treatments and decreased pH in the NP and NPM treatments. Thus, the ability of the soil to release sorbed P to the environment increased under long-term P fertilization.

关键词： calcareous soil long-term fertilization P accumulation P sorption P transformations

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Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Its Relationship to Uptake of Nitrogen by Plants

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Pedosphere 2002年第3期12卷 251-256页

作者： ZHOUJIANBIN LISHENGXIU 等 CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestryYanglingShaanxi712100（China） CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgr

The contents of the soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in the soils sampled from the Loess Plateau of China were determined using chloroform fumigation aerobic incubation method (CFAIM), chloroform fumigation anaerobic incubation method (CFANIM) and chloroform fumigation-extraction method (CFEM).The N taken up by ryegrass on the soils was determined after a glasshouse pot experiment. The flushes of nitrogen (FN) of the soils obtained by the CFAIM and CFANIM were higher than that by the CFEM, and there were significantly positive correlations between the FN obtained by the 3 methods. The N extracted from the fumigated soils by the CFAIM, CFANIM and CFEM were significantly positively correlated with the N uptake by ryegrass. The FN obtained by the 3 methods was also closely positively correlated with the plant N uptake. The contributions of the SMBN and mineral N and mineralized N during the incubation period to plant N uptake were evaluated with the multiple regression method. The results showed that the N contained in the soil microbial biomass might play a noticeable role in the N supply of the soils to the plant.

关键词： mineral N N uptake soil microbial biomass N

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The Resistance of Chinese Wild Vitis to Uncinula necator and its Inheritance in F_1 Generation

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Agricultural sciences in China 2002年第2期1卷 195-199页

作者： ZHANG Jian-xia, WANG Yue-jin and XU Yan(College of Horticulture , northwest sci-{2. {2. of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712.00) College of Horticulture Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100

By natural field identification, the resistance of Chinese wild Vitis to Uncinula necator and its inheritance in F1 generation were studied with 35 clones of 9 Chinese wild Vitis species, 171 F1 individuals of 4 inter-species cross between Chinese wild Vitis and Vitis vinifera cultivars, and 16 individuals of self-pollinated Chinese wild Vitis. Results showed that the phenotypes of resistance to Uncinula necator in Chinese wild Vitis and its F1 generation were rich and diverse. Based on the segregation of resisitance to Uncinula necator in the progenies resulted from both interspecific hybridization and self-pollination, of Chinese native wild Vitis species and clones were controlled by poly genes showing dominant independent heredity. Minor resistant genes were also exist in Chinese wild susceptible Vitis species and clones.

关键词： Chinse wild Vitis F1 generation Uncinula necator Disease-resistance Inheritance

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Assessing and regulating the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China

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science China Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 710-720页

作者： LI Zhi1,2. LIU WenZhao2. ZHANG XunChang3 & ZHENG FenLi2.1 College of Resources and Environment, northwest agriculture & {2. university, yangling 712.00, China 2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, yangling 712.00, China 3 USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 73036, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA College of Resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Yangling China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources Yangling China USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory El Reno USA

Climate change can cause considerable changes in water resources and assessing the potential impacts can provide important information for regional sustainable development. The objectives were to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change during 2.10-2.39 on water resources (runoff, soil water content, and evapotranspiration) in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China and to further explore adaptive measures to cope with the changes. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2. CSIRO-Mk2. and HadCM3) under three emission scenarios (A2. B2. and GGa) were used to estimate future changes in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature based on Change Factor method. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate the hydrologic responses to climate changes. The CA-Markov model was used to develop land use scenarios. Compared with the present climate, the climate models predicted a -2.3% to 7.8% change in annual precipitation, 0.7 to 2.2.C rises in maximum temperature, and 1.2.to 2.8°C rises in minimum temperature. Without consideration of land use change, SWAT predicted a -19.8% to 37.0% change for runoff, -5.5% to 17.2. change for soil water content, and 0.1% to 5.9% increase for evapotranspiration during 2.10–2.39 under all climate scenarios. Though the change of hydrometeorolocial variables are complex, they would possibly increase with great probability, and the hydrological regime would be influenced such as a decrease in runoff in winter months. With land use changes, the projected land use of 2.15 would increase soil water content by 4.0% and surface runoff by 5.7% while slightly decrease evapotranspiration by 0.6% compared with the 2.00 land use. This result showed that adjustment of land use patterns was capable of regulating water resources and could be used to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

关键词： climate change water resources SWAT the Loess Plateau

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