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Polynomial analysis of canopy spectra and biochemical component content inversion

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1780-1791页

作者： YAN Chunyan1, LIU Qiang1, NIU Zheng1, WANG Jihua2. HUANG Wenjiang2.& LIU Liangyun 2.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and {3. Normal University, {3. 100101, China 2. {2. Engineering research center for information technology in agriculture, beijing 100089, China Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University national Engineering research {2. for {3. technology in agriculture

A polynomial expression model was developed in this paper to describe directional canopy spectra, and the decomposition of the polynomial expression was used as a tool for re-trieving biochemical component content from canopy multi-angle spectra. First, the basic formula of the polynomial expression was introduced and the physical meaning of its terms and coeffi-cients was discussed. Based on this analysis, a complete polynomial expression model and its decomposition method were given. By decomposing the canopy spectra simulated with SAILH model, it shows that the polynomial expression can not only fit well the canopy spectra, but also show the contribution of every order scattering to the whole reflectance. Taking the first scattering coefficients a10 and a01 for example, the test results show that the polynomial coefficients reflect very well the hot spot phenomenon and the effects of viewing angles, LAI and leaf inclination angle on canopy spectra. By coupling the polynomial expression with leaf model PROSPECT, a canopy biochemical component content inversion model was given. In the simulated test, the canopy multi-angle spectra were simulated by two different models, SAILH and 4-SCALE re-spectively, then the biochemical component content was retrieved by inverting the coupled polynomial expression + PROSPECT model. Results of the simulated test are promising, and when applying the algorithm to measured corn canopy multi-angle spectra, we also get relatively accurate chlorophyll content. It shows that the polynomial analysis provides a new method to get biochemical component content independent of any specific canopy model.

关键词： polynomial expression, canopy spectra, decomposition, biochemical component content, inversion.

A formal model of fair exchange protocols

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Science in China(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： QING Sihan1,2.3.& LI Gaicheng1,2.3.1. Engineering research {3. for {2. Security technology, Institute of Software, Chinese Aca- demy of Sciences, beijing 100080, China 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of {2. technology, beijing 100080, China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China Engineering research center for {2. Security {3. Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information {2. Beijing China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

Formal analysis and design of multi-party fair exchange protocols

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Science in China(Series F) 2006年第2期49卷 155-174页

作者： QING Sihan1,2.3.& LI Gaicheng1,3.1. Engineering research center for {2. Security technology, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, China 2. beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of {2. technology, beijing 100080, China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China Engineering research center for {2. Security {3. Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information {2. Beijing China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the origin of message items and channel combination between transacting parties, and events and relations among events, this paper presents a concise, precise, and hierarchical model for general fair exchange protocols, formally specifies various security requirements which are able to reflect inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols more rigorously, and partition these security requirements with fine granularity. This work helps analyze, debug, and design multi-party fair exchange protocols more effectively and elaborately,

关键词： fair exchange logical protocol formal model security requirement.

Influence of magnetic current on the ground state entanglement in an isotropic transverse XY chain

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1147-1151页

作者： Liu Dan1,2., Zhang Yong3.and Long Guilu1,2.1. Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular NanoSciences, and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, China 2. center of Quantum {2. Science and technology, Tsinghua national Laboratory for {2. Science and technology, beijing 100084, China 3. Institute of Physics, School of Sciences, beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, beijing 100876, China) Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular NanoSciences Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China center of Quantum information Science and {2. Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China Institute of Physics School of Sciences Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

We study the ground state entanglement in a three-qubit XY chain under the influence of a magnetization current. It is found that the ground state changes from a W state to a disentangled state as the magnetic field varies. When the Lagrange multiplier λ>3. namely under a strong magnetic current, the ground state holds onto a W state for a large range of the magnetic field strength. A phase transition to the magnetization-current phase occurs under a certain condition.

关键词： Heisenberg-XY chain magnetic-current phase transition.

Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： ZHANG Chaolin1**, JI Chongping1, KUO Yinghwa2. FAN Shuiyong1, XUAN Chunyi3.and CHEN Min1(1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100089, China 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, {3. {2. for Atmospheric research, Boulder, CO 803.7-3.00, USA 3. beijing Meteorological Bureau, beijing 100089, China) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 United States beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2.00 in beijing (with 2.h accumulated precipitation of 2.0 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3.VAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional meteorological observations in its assimilation step. For 2. h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72. 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63. for thresholds of 1, 5, 10, and 2. mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 110, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3.VAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

Study on Transformation of CaO-Al_2._3.SiO_2.MgO System Inclusions in ZG06Cr13.i4Mo Stainless Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2011年第S2期18卷 341-346页

作者： LIU Jian-hui1,3. DONG Han1,3. ZHU Rong2. LI Shi-qi2.(1. Institute for Structural Materials,Central Iron and Steel research Institute, {3. 100081,China 2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and {2. {3., {3. 100083.China 3. national Engineering research center of Advanced Steel {2., {3. 100081,China) Cent Iron & Steel Res Inst Inst Struct Mat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Natl Engn Res Ctr Adv Steel Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol beijing Sch Met & Ecol Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

This paper aims at generally studying on the inclusions of ZGG06Cr13.i4Mo ultra-low carbon stainless steel used for large scale hydraulic turbine sets. On the basis of analysis the industrial test samples, thermodynamic software FactSage is used to study inclusions transformation process in CaO-SiO2.Al2.3.MgO system while stainless steel is been smelting. The results illustrate the inclusions melting points and plasticity variation law. The reasonable inclusions plasticity controlling area is found out in low melting point. The melting point is up to 12.0℃ While MgO weight concentration is 10% in CaO-SiO2.Al2.3.MgO system, SiO2. Al2.3.and CaO in inclusions are in weight concentration range of 50-70%, 10-2.% and 10-40%, respectively. For purpose of gaining low melting point inclusions, silicon alumina radio in deoxidant should be controlled between 2.5 for ultra-low carbon stainless steel refining in industry.

关键词： ZG06Cr13.i4Mo stainless steel low melting point inclusion thermodynamic calculation

Chinese expert consensus on refined diagnosis,treatment,and management of advanced primary liver cancer(2.2. edition)

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Study on NDVI-T_s space by combining LAI and evapotranspiration

肝脏研究（英文） 2024年第2期8卷 61-71页

作者： Xiufeng Liu Feng Xia Yue Chen Huichuan Sun Zhengqiang Yang Bo Chen Ming Zhao Xinyu Bi Tao Peng Aizier Ainiwaer Zhiwen Luo Fusheng Wang Yinying Lu national Clinical research {2. for Infectious Diseases Society of Hepatology,{3. Medical Association Translational Medicine Branch,China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics Department of Medical Oncology Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Chinese Medical University NanjingJiangsuChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University ChongqingChina Senior Department of Hepatology The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Interventional Therapy National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy Liver Cancer Study and Service GroupSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina Senior Department of Infectious Diseases The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Comprehensive Liver Cancer center The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),commonly known as primary liver cancer,is a major cause of malignant tumors and cancer-related deaths in China,accounting for approximately 85％of all cancer cases in the *** guidelines have been used to diagnose and treat liver ***,these guidelines provide a broad definition for classifying advanced liver cancer,with an emphasis on a singular approach,without considering treatment options for individual ***,it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and practical expert consensus,specifically for China,to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of HCC using the Delphi *** classification criteria were refined for Chinese patients with HCC,and the corresponding optimal treatment regimen recommendations were *** recommendations took into account various factors,including tumor characteristics,vascular tumor thrombus grade,distant metastasis,liver function status,portal hypertension,and the hepatitis B virus replication status of patients with primary HCC,along with treatment *** findings and rec-ommendations provide detailed,scientific,and reasonable individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies for clinicians.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Refined diagnosis and treatment Expert consensus

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 747-754页

作者： HAN Lijuan1,2.3. WANG Pengxin4, YANG Hua1,2.3. LIU Shaomin1,2.3.& WANG Jindi1,2.3.1. research center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, {2. Normal University, {2. 100875, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, {2. 100875, China 3. {2. Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, {2. 100875, China 4. Department of information Management, College of information and Electronic Engineering, China Agricultural University, {2. 100083. China research center for Remote Sensing and GIS School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Beijing China beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities Beijing China Department of information Management College of Information and Electronic Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China

This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and Ts, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Tempera-ture-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and Ts are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models.

关键词： NDVI, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, leave area index.

Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2.3.& WANG Huijun2.1. Nansen-Zhu International {3. {2., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, China Nansen-Zhu International research {2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.