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Alkaline phosphatase activity and the phosphorus mineralization rate of Lake Taihu

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 176-185页

作者： GAO Guang, ZHU Guangwei, QIN Boqiang, CHEN Jun & WANG Ke nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china Hohai University, nanjing 2.0098, china nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Hohai University Nanjing China

The phosphorus fractions, the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and other water chemical parameters were concomitantly monitored from April 2.03 to October 2.04 in different ecotype sites of Lake Taihu. During the stages of algae growth, the phosphorus fractions and their relationships with APA in different ecotype sites were discussed and the phosphorus mineralization rate was calculated. In the water of Lake Taihu, most of the phosphorus (70.2.) could be attributed to the suspended particulate phosphorus, while the dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) seems to contribute less than 7%. About 58% of the total phosphorus, however, can be hydrolyzed as inorganic phosphate to compensate for phosphorus deficiency of algae and bacteria growth. During the different algae growth stages, the APA and its Kinetic parameters were varied significantly between different ecotype sites of Lake Taihu. This trend is also visible by comparing the phosphorus mineralization rate,and the most rapidly phosphorus turnover time is only several minutes. The fast recycle of phosphorus can, to some extent, be explained that the phosphorus source of algal blooms. The phytoplankton seems to compensate for phosphorus deficiency by using the alkaline phosphatase to hydrolyze phosphomonoesters.

关键词： Lake Taihu, alkaline phosphatase, kinetic parameters, phosphorus, mineralization rate.

Nutrient fluxes induced by disturbance in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 186-192页

作者： LUO Liancong, QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, SUN Xiaojing, HONG Dalin, GAO Yajun & XIE Rui nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china nanjing Hydraulic Research institute, Ministry of Water Resources, nanjing 2.002., china nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China nanjing Hydraulic Research institute Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing China

A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m-2.(equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5-7 m s-1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4+-N were separately 1.92. 10-3, -1.81 × 10-4 and 5.2.× 10-4 mg m-2.s-1(positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10-4, 1.68 × 10-4 and -1.2. × 10-4 mgm-2.s-1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was *** result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5-7 m s-1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 32.t NH4+-N, 34 t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.02., 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002.mg L-1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.2.7 N m-2.which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10-11 m s-1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16× 10-2. 6.76×10-3, 1.14× 10-2.and 2.14× 10-3 mgm-2.s-1 for TN, DTN and NH4+-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54× 10-5 mgm-2.s-1 ) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42.× 10-5 mgm-2.s-1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10-11 m s-1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 2.2.t TN, 134.9 t TDN, 2.8 t NH4+-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration

关键词： hydrodynamics disturbance water-sediment interface nutrient release flux Lake Talhu.

A new measure to characterize multifractality of sleep electroencephalogram

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Science Bulletin 2006年第24期51卷 3059-3064页

作者： MA Qianli1,2.NING Xinbao1,WANG Jun2.& BIAN Chunhua1 1. State Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics,Department of Electronics Science and Engineering,institute for Biomedical Electronic Engi-neering,nanjing University,nanjing 2.0093,china 2. Province Key Laboratory of Image Processing & Image Communica-tion,College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering,nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications,nanjing 2.0003,china State Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics Department of Electronics Science and Engineering Institute for Biomedical Electronic Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China Province Key Laboratory of Image Processing & Image Communication College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing China

Traditional methods for nonlinear dy-namic analysis,such as correlation dimension,Lyapunov exponent,approximate entropy,detrended fluctuation analysis,using a single parameter,cannot fully describe the extremely sophisticated behavior of electroencephalogram (EEG). The multifractal for-malism reveals more “hidden” information of EEG by using singularity spectrum to characterize its nonlin-ear dynamics. In this paper,the zero-crossing time intervals of sleep EEG were studied using multifractal analysis. A new multifractal measure Δasα was pro-posed to describe the asymmetry of singularity spec-trum,and compared with the singularity strength range Δα that was normally used as a degree indi-cator of multifractality. One-way analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests showed that the new measure we proposed gave better discrimination of sleep stages,especially in the discrimination be-tween sleep and awake,and between sleep stages 3 and 4.

关键词： sleep electroencephalogram multifractality.

The renascence of industrial historic buildings——Taking the protective remolding and reusing of Chenguang Mechanical Factory in nanjing as an example

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2502-2509页

作者： WANG YanHui Research institute of Architecture,Southeast University,nanjing 2.0096,{2. Research institute of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing China

The protective remolding and reusing of industrial historic buildings and sites is regarded as a great scientific matter in today's urban development. Based on discussing its significance and value,this paper,taking a specific example,makes a systematic discussion on the design strategy and method from the aspects of overall planning,remolding the old buildings,designing the new buildings,etc.

关键词： industrial historic buildings and sites protective remolding and reusing renascence strategy

Discovery of Cathaysiodendron Lee from the Early Carboniferous of Jingyuan,Gansu,western china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第10期14卷 63-66页

作者： WANG Jun and WU Xiuyuan (nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,nanjing2.0008,china) Inst. of Geol. and Paleontology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Nanjing 210008 China

As one of the representative members of the Late Palaeozoic Cathaysian flora,Cathaysiodendron has been previously recorded from the Early Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in north *** species of Cathaysiodendron presented here are from the lower member of Chouniugou Formation of Ciyao,Jingyuan,*** overlying marine beds yield fusulinids that are of Visean age in western Europe and conodonts of the Datang Stage in south china,so that the age of the bed containing Cathaysiodendron as Visean,Early Carboniferous,is well *** a record of Cathaysiodendron is significant in terms of Carboniferous phyto-geography and the evolution of the Cathaysian Lepidophytes.A new species,Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense Wang&Wu *** described and a second one mentioned.

关键词： Cathaysiodendron Early Carboniferous Visean Cathaysian flora

The developmental trend of labrum and median eyes of Orsten-type preserved Phosphatocopina (Crustacea)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第1期53卷 18-26页

作者： LIU Zheng 1,2.& DONG XiPing 1,2.1 School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,nanjing {2. of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,nanjing 2.0008,china School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The Phosphatocopina (Crustacea,Arthropoda) is an important group of 'Orsten-type' preserved *** is resolved as the sister-group of *** we study the labrum,the median eyes,and the inner lamella of Phosphatocopina based on the selected specimens respectively from western Hunan,South china,and *** labrum characters of different species exhibit interspecific *** ratio of labrum length/shield length is significant to the reconstruction of the ontogeny of *** labrum characters should be introduced to the diagnosis of *** the earliest growth stage,the median eyes were inconspicuous,almost as flat as the other area of the ***,with the growth of the individuals they became *** were two obviously concave structures on the ventral side of the hypostome in later stages,which were the positions where the median eyes should have been *** addition,the two modes of preservation of the inner lamella,i.e.,that of shrinking and that of bulging up,are interpreted as the preservational artifact herein.

关键词： Phosphatocopina Crustacea Orsten-type preservation morphology ontogeny Cambrian South china Sweden

CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW RESISTANCE IN OPEN CHANNELS WITH NON-SUBMERGED RIGID VEGETATION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第2期20卷 239-245页

作者： WU Fu-sheng nanjing Hydraulic Research institute Nanjing 210029 China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing 210029 China

The flow resistance factors of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channels were analyzed. The formulas of drag coefficient CD and equivalent Manning＇s roughness coefficient na were derived by analyzing the force of the flow of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channel. The flow characteristics and mechanism of non-submerged rigid vegetation in open channel were studied through flume experiments.

关键词： characteristics of flow resistance non-submerged rigid vegetation drag coefficient equivalent Manning's roughness coefficient

Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 162-175页

作者： PANG Yong, LI Yiping & LUO Liancong College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, nanjing 2.0098, china nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0098, china College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water *** increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were *** amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu.

关键词： transparency suspended solid hydrodynamlc sediment suspension model.

Surface pollen and vegetation reconstruction from central and northern mountains of Taiwan

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第3期48卷 291-295页

作者： YU Ge1, LIEW Pingmei2. XUE Bin1 & LI Zhengyi2.1. nanjing institute of Geography & Limnolog of the Chinese Academof Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china 2. Department of Geology, Taiwan University, Taibei 106-17, Taiwan, china nanjing institute of Geography and Limnolog Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geology Taiwan University Taibei 106-17 Taiwan

Surface pollen from various montane vegeta-tions in Shalixian Mt. and Lepei Mt. of central and northern Taiwan have been explored and analyzed. The pollen datawere used to simulate vegetation types by using the biomisa-tion technique. Computing three matrixes of pollen taxa,plant functional types and combined biomes, vegetation types at each site have been finally defined through the fuzselections of a tie-breaking rule. The results show that sur-face pollen data can simulate the subtropical Castanopsis andCyclobalanopsis forests, alpine warm-temperate Quercus and Quercus-Pinus forests, and alpine temperate/cool-temperate conifers of Tsuga-Picea and Picea-Abies forests. Simulatedelevations of the forests are similar to actual locations of the forests. This study can add vertical surface pollen data forextending investigation of various vegetation types in china, provide PFT schemes and vegetation types in low-latitude and montane areas, and be applied as modern analogues for fossil pollen in order to reconstruct Quaternary

关键词：台湾省北部山区中部山区表层花粉植被重建植被类型