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science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2.3.& WANG Huijun2.1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of atmospheric Physics, {3. {2. of sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. Department of atmospheric science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, china 3. Graduate University of the {3. {2. of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Department of atmospheric science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China 3. Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2. ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO shouting3.1. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, {2. 100081, china 2. Department of space Information science, Nanjing University of Information science and Technology, Nanjing 2.0044, china 3. Institute of atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. Department of Environmental science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 1. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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chinese science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1,2.& CHOU Jifan2.3.1. LAsG, Institute of atmospheric Physics, {3. {2. of sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. Department of atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. Training Center for china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china Department of atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LAsG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1270-1279页

作者： LIU Feng1,2. HU Fei2.& ZHU Jiang2.1. College of Environmental sciences, Peking University, {3. 100871, china {2., Institute of atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 1. College of Environmental sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. lapc Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China

The optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources, which optimizes the economic object without violating environmental constraints, is an important and hard task to be conquered. In this paper, an adjoint method is developed to solve the problem. The penalty function is in-troduced to deal with the environmental inequality constraints, and Lagrange function is con-structed to derive the adjoint equation and the gradient of the object function. In this means, the gradient of the object function can be calculated by solving the adjoint equation, and the infor-mation from the gradient is used to make the object function descend and approach to an optimal solution after some iterations. A two-dimensional, simplified model is used for numerical experi-ments. The theoretical derivations are verified by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, the adjoint method is shown to be of excellent convergence and efficiency, which is adaptive to the fast development of air quality numerical models and super computers.

关键词： optimum planning, industrial pollutant sources, adjoint equation, penalty function, gradient.

speciation of the elements and compositions on the surfaces of dust storm particles:The evidence for the coupling of iron with sulfur in aerosol during the long-range transport

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chinese science Bulletin 2005年第8期50卷 738-744页

作者： ZHANG Xingying1,2. ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3. CHEN Jianmin2.& XUE Huaxin2.1. Center for atmospheric Environment study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry study, Department of Environ- mental science and Engineering, Fudan University, shanghai 2.043., china 3. lapc/NZC, Institute of atmospheric Physics, NZC/lapc, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china Center for atmospheric Environment study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for atmospheric Chemistry study Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China lapc/NZC Institute of Atmospheric Physics NZC/LAPC Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The speciation of the elements on the surface of the particles collected during dust storm and non-dust storm in beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied by XPs. The ma- jor species of iron on the surface were oxides, sulfate, silicate, FeOOH and minor part sorbed on siO2.Al2.3. sulfate is the dominant species of sulfur on the surface. siO2.and Al2.3.are the main components of si and Al on the surface respectively. One of the most important findings was that the Fe(II) (Fes and FesO4) produced could account for up to 44.3. and 45.6% of the total Fe on the surface in the aerosol sample collected at that night and next day of the “peak” time of the dust storm occurring on March 2., 2.02. while Fe2.sO4)3. one of the Fe(III) species on the surface decreased from 67.1% to 49.5% and 48.0% respectively. Both s and Fe en- riched on the surface of aerosol particles. Fe(II) accounted for 1.3.?5.3. of total Fe in bulk aerosol samples during dust storm. These results provided strong evidence to sup- port the hypothesis of the coupling between iron and sulfur in aerosols during the long-range transport, which would have important impact on the global biogeochemical cycle.

关键词：物种形成原理 XPs 大气悬浮物 Fe-s结合粒子集合

Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： CHAO Jiping1 & LIU Fei2.3.1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of {2. Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North china

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2.3. Wang Jianguo4 and Xue Deqiang2.1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and severe storms, Institute of atmospheric Physics, {3. {2. of sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 2.003., china 3. Graduate University of {3. {2. of sciences, beijing 10003., china 4. shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Jinan 2.003., china) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and severe storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North china. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3. sUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry study, Department of Environmental science & Engineering, Fudan University, shanghai 2.043., china 3. lapc/NZC, Institute of atmospheric Physics, CAs, beijing 10002., china 1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. Institute of atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.3.―67% of total suspended particles （TsP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM{3.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TsP and PM{3.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 6{3. （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TsP, 69% （5{3.―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93.） in PM{3.5 in spring, and 69% （5{3.―83.）, 79% （5{3.―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TsP, PM10, and PM{3.5, respectively, in winter, while only{3.% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy and convection in the south china sea and Indian monsoon regions in boreal summer

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science china Earth sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1076-1084页

作者： CHEN Longxun 1 ,GAO Hui 2.,HE Jinhai 2.,TAO shiyan 3.& JIN Zuhui 3.1.chinese {3. of Meteorological sciences,{2. 100081,china 2.Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,Nanjing 2.0044,china 3.Institute of atmospheric Physics,chinese {3. of sciences,{2. {13.,china 1. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology 210044 Nanjing China 3. chinese academy of sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics 100029 Beijing China

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy (KE) and convection in the south china sea (sCs) and Indian summer monsoon areas are examined in present study. Results suggest that the sCs and Indian summer monsoon prevailed regions (5 —15°N) are dominated by the southwesterly wind, however, the disturbances of KE at 850 hPa and convection are observed mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean (140—150°E), after passing through the sCs, and westward propagated into the Bay of Bengal (90—100°E). In the Indian summer monsoon domain, where the disturbances of KE are found mainly coming from the Arabian sea (As) and eastward propagated into the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the sCs and the Indian summer mon- soon are quite different in zonal propagation of KE and convection. The sCs summer monsoon is mainly affected by the KE and convection coming from the tropical western Pacific. The Indian summer monsoon, however, can be partly influenced by the As and the sCs summer monsoon. The analysis also suggests that the interaction region between the sCs and the Indian summer monsoon is around 90—95°E, rather than 105°E as proposed by earlier studies.

关键词： zonal propagation of KE and convection, East Asian monsoon, Indian monsoon.

strengthening of the boreal winter Hadley circulation and its connection with ENsO

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1327-1333页

作者： Ma Jie1,2.and Li Jianping2.1. College of atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000,{3. 2. LAsG, Institute of atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002.,{3.) College of atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LAsG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is carried out for the year-to-year variability of the boreal winter (DJF) mass stream function of the mean meridional circulation (MMC) during the period 1948—2.05. The results demonstrate that it is dominated by the equatorially asymmetric and symmetric modes. Further analysis shows that the former mode is linked with the boreal winter Hadley cell mainly on the decadal time-scale, and the latter on the interannual time-scale. The asymmetric mode index (AMI) with a clear upward trend contributes to the decadal strengthening of the boreal Hadley circulation, and is closely correlated with the tropical ssT warming, especially in the region of Indo-west Pacific warm pool (INWP). Furthermore, the AMI also contributes to the abrupt change of the correlation coefficient between the boreal Hadley circulation and ENsO after 1976. The symmetric mode index (sMI) with robust and stable linkage with ENsO shows a significant interannual variability, suggesting that the variability of the Hadley circulation is mainly associated with ENsO on the interannual time-scale.

关键词： the Hadley circulation interannual time-scale decadal time-scale