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Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in {2.

Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,petrochina,Beijing 100083.{2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in china and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the exploration and development of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

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Characteristics of Paleozoic clastic reservoirs and the relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, west china

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 192-200页

作者： Wang Zhaoming Liu Luofu Yang Haijun Wang Weili ZhangBaoshou Han Jianfa petrochina Tarim oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to predict favorable exploration areas of the Paleozoic, Carboniferous and Silurian clastic reservoirs in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, west china, we studied the basic characteristics of Paleozoic clastic reservoirs in the Tazhong area based on a lot of data. Several issues about the hydrocarbon accumulation related to the reservoirs were also discussed. The results were concluded that： the high-value areas of the porosity and permeability of clastic reservoirs were located in the southeast of the Tazhong area; the content of cement （carbonate cement in particular） was the main factor controlling the porosity and permeability of clastic reservoirs; the hydrocarbon distributions of Carboniferous and Silurian clastic reservoirs were closely related to the porosity and permeability; the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas of the two sets of strata were located in the southeast of this area, especially in the updip pinch-out area.

关键词： Clastic reservoir Carboniferous Silurian Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation Tazhong area Tarim Basin

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Micro-geological causes and macro-geological controlling factors of low-resistivity oil layers in the Puao oilfield

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Petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 246-253页

作者： Tan Fengqi Li Hongqi Liu Hongtao Jiang Fucong Yu Hongyan School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China The No.7 oil Production Factory Daqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Heilongjiang 163515 China

Low-resistivity oil layers are often missed in logging interpretation because of their resistivity close to or below the resistivity of nearby water layers. Typical low-resistivity oil layers have been found in the past few years in the Putaohua {2. of the Puao oilfield in the south of the Daqing placanticline by detailed exploration. Based on a study of micro-geological causes of low-resistivity oil layers, the macro-geological controlling factors were analyzed through comprehensive research of regional depositional background, geological structure, and oil-water relations combined with core, water testing, well logging, and scanning electron microscopy data. The results showed that the formation and distribution of Putaohua low-resistivity oil layers in the Puao oilfield were controlled by depositional environment, sedimentary facies, diagenesis, motive power of hydrocarbon accumulation, and acidity and alkalinity of {2. liquid. The low-resistivity oil layers caused by high bound-water saturation were controlled by deposition and diagenesis, those caused by high free-water saturation were controlled by structural amplitude and motive power of hydrocarbon accumulation. Those caused by formation water with high salinity were controlled by the ancient saline water depositional environment and faulted structure and those caused by additional conductivity of shale were controlled by paleoclimate and acidity and alkalinity of {2. liquid. Consideration of both micro-geological causes and macro-geological controlling factors is important in identifying low-resistivity oil layers.

关键词： Daqing placanticline Puao oilfield Putaohua oil layer low-resistivity oil layers microgeological causes macro-geological controlling factors

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Magnetic Structure of Continental Crust: Implications for Crustal Structure and Evolution

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Journal of Earth Science 2000年第3期19卷 162-166页

作者： Liu Qingsheng The State key laboratory of {2./{3. reservoir Geology and Exploitation of china, Chengdu 610059, china Department of Geophysics, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china Gao Shan Faculty of Earth Sciences, china Universit

Magnetic structure of the continental crust is one of the important geophysical aspects of continental lithosphere. This paper reviews the achievements in the research into the magnetic structure and its significance for crustal tectonics, composition, metamorphic facies, crust mantle interaction and magnetization of deep crust. Further studies are suggested according to the basic principles of rock and mineral magnetism in terms of petrology, geochemistry and structural geology. Emphasis is placed on new geological ideas and synthetic studies of the relationship between deep geological processes and interpretation of gravity, magnetic, electrical and seismic data. The relationships between magnetic, density, electricity, velocity, geothermal structures and deep geodynamic processes are taken as a system for the research into the deep geology.

关键词： magnetic structure metamorphic facies crust mantle interaction.

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Origin of CO_2.in natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2010年第5期53卷 642-648页

作者： HUANG SiJing, HUANG KeKe, TONG HongPeng, LIU LiHong, SUN Wei & ZHONG QianQian State key Lab of oil and {2. {3. Geology and Exploitation, Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, china State key Lab of oil and {2. {3. Geology and Exploitation Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu China

The natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin contains high H2. whereas relatively low CO2.concentrations and the CO2.display high δ13. values (ranging from -5.81‰ to 3.3. (PDB)). This seems to contradict the conventional wisdom that TSR should be a primary source of CO2.in natural gas from the Feixianguan Formation. In contrast, many authigenic calcite samples from these sites display very low δ13. values (ranging from -18.4‰ to -10.3. (PDB)). This suggests that the carbon from TSR source dominated the formation of calcite whereas the carbon from inorganic source came into CO2.in natural gas. In order to assess the origin of CO2.from these H2.-rich sites, we have calculated the relative contributions of organic and inorganic carbon sources to the CO2.and authigenic calcite. The organic carbon source possibly originated from TSR, whereas the inorganic one might be generated from marine carbonates dissolution. This calculation is based on the carbon isotopic compositions of CO2.and authigenic calcite as well as an isotopic mass balance. The results show that the contribution of organic carbon source to the CO2.is only 2., whereas that to authigenic calcite is as high as 43. on average. Such results combined with thermodynamic evidence indicate that the isotopically light CO2.produced by TSR process may contribute to authigenic calcite precipitation during burial diagenesis. Distinguishable from Ordovician reservoir of Tarim Basin, Feixianguan reservoir of Northeast Sichuan Basin experienced rapid tectonic uplift due to Yanshanian movement after TSR occurred. Such tectonic event could induce temperature decrease and further promote carbonates dissolution. During these processes, secondary porosity has developed in Feixianguan carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the structural highs in search of high quality carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： northeastern Sichuan Feixianguan Formation origin of CO2 TSR tectonic uplift carbonates precipitation and dissolution

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Borehole stability in naturally fractured reservoirs luring production tests

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Petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 247-250页

作者： Zhang Fuxiang Zhang Shaoli Jiang Xuehai Lu Rende Chen Mian Tarim oil Field Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 834000 China petrochina Company Limited Beijing 100011 China School of Petrnleuln Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Based on the plane of weakness theory, a model for predicting borehole stability in fractured reservoirs under different stress states was estiblisted and the equations for solving borehole stability were developed. The minimum downhole pressures required to maintain borehole stability under different natural fracture occurrences were calculated by using the data from a well in the Tazhong （central Tarim） area, Tarim Basin, west china. Several conclusions were drawn for naturally fractured reservoirs with a dip angle from less than 10° to greater than 3.°. Application in three wells in the Tazhong area indicates that this model is practically useful.

关键词： Production test fractured reservoir borehole stability fracture dip azimuth of fracture

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Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Tian Jun Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxue Li Sumei Basin and reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China petrochina Tarim oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tarim Basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of china, and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and {2. totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3.500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural {2. was mainly cracked {2. generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and {2. exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： Tarim Basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule

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Hydrocarbon reservoir Model of Glutenite in the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Northern Dongying Depression

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 136-137页

作者： Hui Liu~(1,2.,Yingchang Cao~3.Yanzhong Wang~3.1.State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,{2. University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083. {2.. 2.School of Energy Resources,{2. University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083.{2. 3.Faculty of Geo-Resources and Information,{2. University of Petroleum,Dongying 2.7061,{2.

The glutenite in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Es^4) in northern Dongying depression straightforwardly penetrated into the muddy bathyal -abyss *** conditions of reservoir is very superior:(1) the high quality thick bedded oil source rock is developed very well in the Lijin sag and Minfeng sag of the study area,and it has the higher capability of generating hydrocarbon;(2. the

关键词： glutenite hydrocarbon reservoir formation northern Dongying depression fourth member of Shahejie Formation

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Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2.gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1070-1078页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Hongjun1, SHAN Jiazeng2. WANG Zecheng1 & XU Dafeng1 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, petrochina, Beijing 100083. {2. 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., {2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petrochina Beijing China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In a 3.D closed geological body, in case “structural expanding” inside is induced by stress, it can produce the pressure difference between the expanding cell and surrounding rock, then generate a pumping force directed toward the cell and accelerate the directional flow of fluid in the strata. The structural style and conditions of gas reservoir-formation in the Kuqa depression are favorable to the structural pumping. According to similarity principle, a physical modeling of structure formation and gas filling process of the Kela {3.gas field has justified the occurrence of structural pumping and its important role in gas-reservoir formation with high efficiency under the compressive and well-sealed circumstance. Therefore, authors propose that structural pumping is an important mechanism of gas reservoir-formation with high efficiency in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： Kela 2 gas field, structural pumping, gas-reservoir formation mechanism, high efficiency,physical modeling.

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Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 211-225页

作者： Xiang Caifu Pang Xiongqi Yang Wenjing Wang Jianzhong LiQiming Liu Luofu Li Yanqun State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China petrochina Tarim oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest china. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the Tarim Basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of {2.s and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the {2. quality （2.3.orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

关键词： Geologic chromatographic effect fault intersection zone differential hydrocarbon migration and accumulation superimposed basin Tazhong area Tarim Basin

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