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gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in china

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2. ZHANG Mingjie3. WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4 & QIN Yong5 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, petrochina, Beijing 100083. {2. 2. petrochina Exploration & Production, Beijing 100011, {2. 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, {2. 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, {2. 5. {2. University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1000, {2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChinaBeijin China petrochina Exploration & Production Beijing China Department of Geology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Guangzhou Geochemical Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China china University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and {2. forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and {2.-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-{2.s, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-{2.s is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas {2.s. The secondary organic matters in carbonate {2.s may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

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A novel steady-state productivity equation for horizontal wells in bottom water drive gas reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 63-69页

作者： Zhang Liehui Zhao Yulong Liu Zhibin State key laboratory of {2. and {3. reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu Sichuan 610500China School of Science Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan 610500China

It is known that there is a discrepancy between field data and the results predicted from the previous equations derived by simplifying three-dimensional（3.D） flow into two-dimensions（2.D）.This paper presents a new steady-state productivity equation for horizontal wells in bottom water drive gas ***,the fundamental solution to the 3.D steady-state Laplace equation is derived with the philosophy of source and the Green function for a horizontal well located at the center of the laterally infinite gas ***,using the fundamental solution and the Simpson integral formula,the average pseudo-pressure equation and the steady-state productivity equation are achieved for the horizontal *** case-studies are given in the paper,the results calculated from the newly-derived formula are very close to the numerical simulation performed with the Canadian software CMG and the real production data,indicating that the new formula can be used to predict the steady-state productivity of such horizontal gas wells.

关键词： Horizontal well point-source function bottom water driver gas reservoir steady-state productivity

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Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west china

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 49-58页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Li Lianxia Song Yan Tian Fenghua Zhao Mengjun Wang Haijiang Zhao Zhenxing State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Department of Exploration ＆ Development PetroChina CBM Limited Company Beijing 100013 China Exploration Department Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle Xinjiang 841000 China No.8 oil Production Plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Xi＇an Shaanxi 710018 China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west china, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,2.0 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved {2. and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 2.% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large {2. fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

关键词： Kuqa Foreland Basin neotectonic movement accumulation element accumulation process accumulation model

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Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan Pang Xiongqi Li Qiming Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxne Li Sumei Liu Luofu Tarim oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China Basin and reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and {2. found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3. reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and {2. and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and {2., and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and {2. distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and {2. exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： Tarim Basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation

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Microwave propagation in air drilling

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Petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 390-396页

作者： Meng Xiaofeng Chen Yijian Zhou Jing Meng Yingfeng Physics Department Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State key laboratory of {2. and {3. reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan 610500 China

This paper examines the feasibility in air drilling of transmitting down-hole signals by using microwaves. Firstly the basic theory of microwave propagation in the drill-pipe or casing was studied, including power loss, cutoff wavelength, and dust scattering. Theoretical analysis indicates that the microwave propagation distance in a cb2.4mm casing can easily reach 5,000 m. When the effect of dust particles is taken into account, the propagation distance decreases to 2.000 m. We conducted both laboratory experiments and field tests in casings commonly used in {3. fields. The field tests show that the effective propagation distance of microwave in the casing is about 1,3.0 m. The experimental results do not match well with theoretical prediction, but are acceptable. In future commercial applications, by applying multiple relay amplifiers, the microwave propagation distance could be long enough for most drilling wells.

关键词： Microwave waveguide drill-pipe casing air drilling

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The productivity evaluation model and its application for finite conductivity horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 530-535页

作者： Jiang Hanqiao Ye Shuangjiang Lei Zhanxiang Wang Xing Zhu Guojin Chen Minfeng key laboratory of Petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of china National Offshore oil Corporation Beijing 100027 China

It is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs due to the influence of fault *** the basis of the method of images and source-sink theory,a semianalytical model coupling reservoir and finite conductivity horizontal wellbore flow dynamics was built,in which the influence of fault sealing was taken into *** distribution of wellbore flow and radial inflow profiles along the horizontal interval were also *** impact of the distance between the horizontal well and the fault on the well productivity was quantitatively *** on this analysis,the optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault in banded fault block reservoirs could be *** to the field application,the relative error calculated by the model proposed in this paper is within ±15%.It is an effective evaluation method for the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block *** productivity of the horizontal well increases logarithmically as the distance between the horizontal well and the fault *** optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault is 0.{3.-0.3.times the horizontal well length.

关键词： Fault block reservoir horizontal well finite conductivity productivity evaluation well location design

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Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1,2.TANG LiangJie1,2.LI RuFeng1,2.& PANG XiongQi1,2.1 Basin and reservoir Research Center,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 2.State key laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china Basin and reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China State key laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin

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Comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of "chimney effect" using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第9期43卷 743-748页

作者： LIU Qingsheng 1, CHENG Tongjin 2.and LIU Shugen 3.1. Department of Applied Geophysics, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 2. Center of Petroleum Geochemistry, china National Star Petroleum Corporation, Hefei 2.002., china 3. The St Department of Applied Geophysics China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Center of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Star Petroleum Corporation Hefei China The State key laboratory of {2./{3. reservoir Geology and Exploitation of china Chengdu Institute of Technology Chengdu China

Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas {2.s. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.

关键词： chimney effect (CE) hydrocarbon microseepage oil/gas accumulation.

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A well test model for stress-sensitive and heterogeneous reservoirs with non-uniform thicknesses

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Petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 524-529页

作者： Zhang Liehui Guo Jingjing Liu Qiguo State key laboratory of {2. and {3. reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu Sichuan 610500 China

In view of the anisotropy,heterogeneity and stress-sensitive permeability in low permeability reservoirs,an analytical well test model was established by introducing the concept of permeability *** model considered the permeability stress-sensitivity,wellbore storage effect,and the skin *** perturbation technique and Laplace transformation were used to solve the mathematical model analytically in Laplace space,and the bottom-hole pressure type curves were plotted and analyzed in real space by using the Stehfest numerical inversion.

关键词： Non-uniform thickness stress-sensitive heterogeneous reservoir transient well test type curve

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Transition from platemargin to intraplate environment: Geochemistry of basalts in Paleogene Liaohe basin, northeastern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2069-2080页

作者： WU Changzhi1, GU Lianxing1, REN Zuowei1,2. ZHANG Zunzhong1, CHEN Zhenyan2.& ZHAO Ming1 1. State key {3. of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing University), Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. {2. 2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe oilfield Branch Company, petrochina, Panjin 12.010, {2. State key laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing University) Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe oilfield Branch Company PetroChina Panjin China

Paleogene basalts from the Liaohe basin, northeastern china, are dominated by alkaline olivine basalts and olivine basalts. These basalts are generally enriched in high field strength elements (HFSE), depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and comparable to those of typical ocean island basalts (OIB). Positive anomalies of Ba, Sr and Zr with high Nb/U, U/Pb, Ce/Pb and Zr/Hf ratios imply that materials from an oceanic crust had been added to the mantle sources of the basalts. In addition, the basalts are generally depleted in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, indicating that an enriched mantle (EMI) and a depleted mantle (DM) sources were added to the OIB-like resource. Comprehensive research on lithosphere evolution and tectonic setting of the Liaohe basin and surrounding areas suggests that these basalts were derived by variable degrees of partial melt-ing from an upwelling asthenosphere mantle. Materials from an oceanic lithosphere were added to the source in company with Paleogene tectonic transition from platemargin to intraplate envi-ronment. Retreating and steepening of the subducting Pacific oceanic plate could be the main cause for the tectonic environment transition.

关键词： geochemistry, basalt, Paleogene, Liaohe basin, North china Block, eastern china.

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