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Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in china

international Journal of Sediment research 2009年第2期24卷 201-213页

作者： Jueyi SUI1,Yun HE2.and Cheng LIU3 1 Associate Professor,Environmental Engineering Program,University of Northern British Columbia,Prince George,BC,Canada,V2. 4Z9 2.Senior Engineer,china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,No. A-1,Fuxing Rd.,{2. 100038,china Ph.D 3 international research and training center on erosion and sedimentation,2. Chegongzhuang West Rd.,{2. 100048,china Ph.D,Prof. [a]Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada V2N 4Z9 [b]China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research No. A-1 Fuxing Rd. Beijing 100038 China [c]International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation 20 Chegongzhuang West Rd. Beijing 100048 China

In this paper,the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2.06 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in china are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport,such as precipitation depth,discharge,and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed,a trend analysis on sediment concentration,precipitation depth,and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2.Climate Stations(CSs) ,as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations(GSs) are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The runoff modulus(defined as the annual average discharge per unit area,L/(***2. ) and the sediment transport modulus(defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area,t/(yr km2. ) are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.2. m3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m3. However,the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 12..34 kg/m3 and occurs in July,which has an average discharge of 42.6 m3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August,the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is large

关键词： Grain size distribution Kuye River Loess Plateau Precipitation Runoff modulus Sediment transport modulus Soil erosion Yellow River

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SHRINKAGE OF THE ESTUARINE CHANNELS OF THEHAIHE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS INFLUENCES ON FLOOD HAZARD

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international Journal of Sediment research 1999年第2期14卷 65-76页

作者： HU Shixiong WANG Zhaoyin and DING Pingxing (international research and {2. center of erosion and Sediment, P.O.Box 366, beijing 100044, china) (The State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal research, East china Normal University, Shanghai, 2.

The reductions of runoff and sediment load in the Haihe River Basin and the causes of the shrinkage of the estuarine channels are analyzed in this paper it is concluded that the modern Yellow River sediment can be transported to the south part of the Bohai Bay, but rarely to the north part and the Tianjin Harbor. Sediment from the mid of the Bohai Bay does not affect the estuarine channels. The sediment caused the estuarine channels shrinkage are from the modern and ancient Yellow and the Haihe River deposit removed by wave. tidal current, and beach erosion. The influences of the estuary shrinkage on the flood discharge capacity of the river mouth channels and the flood hazard are discussed. The maximum capacity of the reservoirs and pools is about 2. billion m3in the south part of the basin while the capacity in the north part is only 7.5 billion m3. Two 100 years floods occurred in the watershed in 1963 and in1996 with total runoff about 30 billion m3each. The economic loss in 1996 is about $6 billion, nearly two times of that in 1963 in the south part of the area. One of the main reasons is that the discharge capacity of the channels in the area had reduced by 50%. If another 100 years flood occurs in the south part again, the economic loss will be similar to that in 1996. If a 100 years flood occurs in the north part, the economic loss will be much higher than that in 1996. Because the storage capacity of reservoirs and pools in the area is much less than that in the south area. and discharge capacities of the north estuarine channels decreased more sharply than that of the south. Strategies for controlling estuary shrinkage are suggested. Physical and mathematical models show that trailer dredging combined with scouring with runoff or tidal water is economical and practical. Guiding dikes at the river mouths to prevent turbidity water entering into the estuarine channel will be a major strategy. Building a new gate combining the harbor may also mitigate the sed

关键词： Shrinkage of the estuarine channel the Haihe Drainage System Flood hazard

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UNDP PROJECT：SUPPORT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA

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international Journal of Sediment research 1996年第3期 40-48页

作者： Zhao Yin Wang( ,international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation,P.O.Box 366, beijing100044,P.R.china)

ＵＮＤＰＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ：ＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＦＯＲＴＨＥＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡ￥ＺｈａｏＹｉｎＷａｎｇ（Ｐｒｏｆ．Ｄｒ．，ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＲｅｓｅａ... 详细信息

ＵＮＤＰＰＲＯＪＥＣＴ：ＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＦＯＲＴＨＥＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡ￥ＺｈａｏＹｉｎＷａｎｇ（Ｐｒｏｆ．Ｄｒ．，ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＴｒａｉｎｉｎｇＣｅｎ...

关键词： UNDP PROJECT DEVELOPMENT DELTA

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erosion AND sedimentation PROBLEMSIN SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES

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international Journal of Sediment research 2000年第4期15卷 371-378页

作者： Bingnan LIN, Deyi WU and Zhide ZHOU ( Senior Engineers, international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation, P. O. Box 366, beijing 100044, china )

Some experience in dealing with sediment problems encountered in some Asian countries is presented in this article. Some of the problems, such as watershed management and collection of river data, are perhaps unique with developing countries. Others including the recognition of sediment problems, the need of basin-wide planning of water resources development, the maintenance of reservoir life, the effect of sediment on water qualities and the importance of further research should be of general interests.

关键词： sedimentation erosion Asia Watershed management

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FLUVIAL PROCESSES IN THE LOWER JINGJIANG RIVER:IMPACT OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR IMPOUNDMENT

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international Journal of Sediment research 2005年第2期20卷 102-108页

作者： Xuejun SHAO1,Hong WANG2.and Zhaoyin WANG 1 31Prof.2.sso.Prof.,Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,{2. Send correspondence to Xuejun Shao 3Prof.Dr.international research and training center on erosion and sedimentation(IRTCES),beijing 100044,{2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation (IRTCES) Beijing 100044 China

Sediment supply to the lower Jingjiang River will be subject to substantial reduction after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir,which could result in an excess of carrying capacity and serious bank erosions in the downstream alluvial channel,threatening the bank protection works and the safety of the Jingjiang Dyke. This paper presents a summary of research works concerning the fluvial processes in the lower Jingjiang River and the possible impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment on the variation of its channel pattern. Three different predictions have been put forward by researchers:1) the Jingjiang River will evolve towards a more sinuous,meandering channel pattern,with extensive bank erosion taking place along the river; 2. the river channel will be straightened and broadened because no point bar can be formed due to reduced sediment supply while bank erosion develops in the concave bank,and 3) this river reach will maintain its present channel pattern without significant change,although the sinuosity may be slightly reduced,since:a) the Three Gorges Reservoir mainly intercept sediment particles with sizes larger than 0.02.mm,and b) the complex interaction between the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake helps to reduce the negative effect of channel erosion through certain self-adjusting mechanism in fluvial processes. Discrepancy between these predictions shows that further research efforts are needed to understand the impact of Three Gorges Reservoir operation on the downstream fluvial processes. Meanwhile,there is an urgent need to closely monitor future development in the fluvial processes of the Jingjiang River and its influence on the safety of the Jingjiang Dykes.

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir Downstream impact Fluvial processes Yangtze River

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浅谈黄河水沙变化研究成果

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土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报 1998年第3期4卷 19-25页

作者：徐明权杨小庆国际泥沙研究培训中心

综合对比分析了水利部黄河水沙变化研究基金、黄委会水土保持科研基金、国家自然科学基金以及国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目（８５－９２６）有关黄河水沙变化的４项研究成果，肯定了定性上的共识，分析了定量上的差异及其原因。为了各... 详细信息

综合对比分析了水利部黄河水沙变化研究基金、黄委会水土保持科研基金、国家自然科学基金以及国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目（８５－９２６）有关黄河水沙变化的４项研究成果，肯定了定性上的共识，分析了定量上的差异及其原因。为了各方面应用的参考，作为阶段性成果，提出了黄河中游水利水保工程减水减沙的定量数据。

关键词：黄河水沙变化水文法水保法水土保持减水量减沙量

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FLUVIAL PROCESSES AND SEDIMENT SCOUR RATE OF THE YELLOW RIVER UNDER ACTION OF UNSTEADY FLOWS

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international Journal of Sediment research 2001年第2期16卷 296-300页

作者： Yong-Nian XU1 Zhi-Yong LIANG1 and Thao-Yin WANG2.1 china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research, {2. 100044, china. 2.international research and training center on erosion and sedimentation, {2. 100044, china. china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research Beijing 100044 China international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation Beijing 100044 China.

Riverbed scour of the main channel by floods in the Yellow River and its tributaries was investigated, including scour by hyper-concentrated floods. Flood scour usually causes variation of river cross-sections in a way similar to that occured when the sediment inflow is less than the sediment-laden capacity. Scour rate equation for the main channel derived based on the momentum and continuous equations was verified by field data. This equation indicates that unsteady flow scour rate is proportional to the flow density, the velocity of the flood peak, the rising rate of flow discharge per unit width, and so on. The Maximum scour depth after a flood could be predicted by the scour rate equation proposed in this paper.

关键词： Flood scour Unsteady flow The Yellow River Main channel scour Morphological process

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EUTROPHICATION AND RED TIDES AS CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

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international Journal of Sediment research 2001年第4期16卷 508-518页

作者： Zhao-Yin WANG1, Yongsheng WU2. and Guangqian WANG3 1 Prof., Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University & international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation, beijing 100084, china, Email: zywang@*** or zywang@sun Prof. Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University & International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation Beijing 100084 China Dr. Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Prof. Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper reports the phenomena of eutrophication and red tides correlated with human activities, especially economic development. The fertilizer production in china has been accelerated since the 1970s and has approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial N cycle. While the rate of the total population growth of china maintains relatively stable the rate of population growth in cities and towns in the 1980s and 1990s was 10 times higher than ever before. As a result, the urban sewage discharge increased by 400%, which carries 1 million tons of nitrogen into the environmental waters per year. The mining of P minerals and application of P-containing fertilizers greatly enhanced the input of P into the waters. Harmful algal blooms are consequence of the eutrophication. The high frequency of algal bloom is related to the quick economic development since the 1970s and the eutrophication of environmental waters. Analysis indicates that the number of the red tide events in the china Seas roughly follows the curve of the growth rate of GDP with a time lag of about 5-6 years. The time lag is explained as the period of the cycle of accumulation, denitrification and release of the nutrients with transportation and resuspension of the sediment.

关键词： Eutrophication Red tide. Economic development Nutrients Sediment

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PRINCIPLES OF RIVER training AND MANAGEMENT

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international Journal of Sediment research 2007年第4期22卷 247-262页

作者： Zhaoyin WANG1, Shimin TIAN2. Yujun YI3, and Guoan YU4 1 Prof., State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, beijing, 100084,{2. 2.Ph. D.,{2. Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Power research, beijing 100044,{2.. 3 Ph. D., State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, beijing, 100084,{2. 4 Ph. D., State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, beijing, 100084,{2. Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China china Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

River regulation and river training have been performed for various purposes and negative effects have been shown in numerous cases. In some cases the negative effects are so serious that humans have to consider to "renaturalize" the regulated rivers. Only by using the strategy of integrated river management the diverse river uses and natural fluvial processes and ecological systems may be harmonized. Based on analysis of case studies and data collected from literatures this paper presents the concept of integrated river management and four principles of river training. The integrated river management comprises: 1) taking the watershed, upper stream basin including the tributaries, middle and lower reaches and the estuary as an integrated entity in the planning, design and management; and 2. mitigating or controlling the negative impacts on hydrology, {2. and sedimentation, fluvial processes, land use and river use, environment and ecology while in achieving economic benefit from water resources development, flood safety management and hydropower exploitation. River training and management should be in accordance with the four principles: 1) extending the duration of river water flowing on the continent, which may be achieved by extending the river course or reducing the flow velocity; 2. controlling various patterns of {2.s and reducing the sediment transportation in the rivers; 3) increasing the diversity of habitat and enhancing the connectivity between the river and riparian waters; and 4) restoring natural landscapes.

关键词： River training Integrated river management Sediment erosion control Ecological and landscape restoration

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WAVE ENERGY DISSIPATION AND COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN SILT COAST

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international Journal of Sediment research 2001年第2期16卷 224-233页

作者： Shixiong HU1 and Onyx WAI2.1 international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation, P.O.Box 366, beijing 100044, china. 2.Department of Civil and Structure Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, china. international research and {2. center on erosion and sedimentation P.O.Box 366 Beijing 100044 China Department of Civil and Structure Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China.

The interaction between the wave and fluid mud layer plays an important role in the development of silt coast. Sediment is essentially transported in the form of rheological flow of mud layer under the wave action, and on the other hand, the fluid mud layer damps the wave considerably. This paper studies the laws of wave energy dissipation and mud bed deformation, and the movement of mud layer through laboratory experiments. The results show that the wave energy dissipation follows an exponential law along the propagation distance. The bulk density of the mud layer affects the rate of the wave energy dissipation greatly. The wave damping coefficient （Ki） is a function of the mud density affected greatly by the relative wave height （H/h）. Analysis also indicates that the mud density affect the rate of mud transport and the moving velocity (Vmax) of the surface mud is inversely proportional to the mud density. Both the relative wave height （H/h） and wave-damping coefficient （Ki） are proportional to the Vmax. Analysis also shows that the mud transport rate （Tr） is proportional to the wave damping rate (1-H0/H15), the relative wave height （H/h）, and inversely proportional to the volume concentration （Cv） and dimensionless coefficient of H/gT2.

关键词： Wave energy dissipation Cohesive sediment transport Mud erosion

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