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Investigation of 'chazi'(damaged-enamels)on Chenghua doucai Porcelains

Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第6期52卷 1722-1729页

作者： DU Feng1 & SU BaoRu2.1 institute of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering,qingdao University of Science & Technology,qingdao,china 2.College of Information Science & Technology,qingdao University of Science & Technology,qingdao,china institute of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China College of Information Science & Technology Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China

At the end of the 1950s,Sun Yingzhou considered that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on Chenghua doucai imperial porcelain as a defect was originally produced in firing process during Chenghua period(1465―1487).Researchers in china have accepted his *** any fragment with the 'chazi' has never been found in several tons of Chenghua imperial sherds excavated from Ming imperial kiln site in *** china,few scholars have questioned the formation of 'chazi',and further investigated *** researchers at the Research Laboratory in the British Museum,employing unde-structive EDXRF,have analyzed the chemical composition of the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on a Chen-ghua doucai stem cup in the museum,and they have confirmed that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)was caused by the fire of the Jianfu palace in the Forbidden City in *** on their research,the authors studied the colour chemical principle of the 'chazi's' formation *** to the ceramic technology principle,scientific reasoning for the 'chazi' was carried *** the help of the history of Qing court,the brainteaser of the 'chazi' was totally uncovered,the misunderstanding for the 'chazi' has also been *** research also suggests that employing modern science and technology is a direction to study Chinese ancient ceramic further.

关键词： Chenghua doucai porcelains court eunuchs the set on fire at the Jianfu palace ’chazi’(damaged-enamels) the British Museum colour chemical principle archaeology using science and technology

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Distribution characteristics of magnetic susceptibility of the surface sediments in the southern Yellow Sea

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第B06期48卷 37-41页

作者： GE Shulan~(1,2.3), SHI Xuefa~1 & HAN Yibing~1 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration. qingdao 2.6061. {2. 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002.. {2. 3. Graduate School. Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039. {2. 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 3. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

The characteristic distributions of magnetic susceptibility (MS) are analyzed on the basis of susceptibility of 172.surface sediment samples in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS). The preliminary results are as follows: first, the distributions clearly correspond to different modern sediment assemblages in the continental sea, which indicates different sediment origins. With the 30 μCGS isoline being taken as demarcation line, the study area can then be divided into section H (high MS value area) and section L (low MS value area). Section H is mainly adjacent to land with two main sources of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe *** L is mainly an eddy sediment area, where Yellow Sea Cold Water is entrenched all the year round. The distribution pattern of MS could tell apart strong or weak hydrodynamic conditions and has a close relation to the circulation system in this area. At the areas of the SYS Circumfluent and northern East china Sea (NECS) Circumfluent (weak hydrodynamic), the MS has low values, while in the areas of Coastal Current (strong hydrodynamic), the values are *** the same time, the oxidizing areas tend to take on higher MS, while the reducing areas have lower one. It seems safe to say that the MS in the continental sea reflects more of the sediment origin and sedimentary environment, which is different from that of loess, lake and surface soil as a climate proxy.

关键词：中国黄海表面沉积物磁化率等值线长江黄河旋涡沉积区循环系统

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Identification and removal of block ambiguities in sea surface wind field with scatterometers

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第2期52卷 242-249页

作者： CHEN KeHai1,2. XIE XueTong3 & FANG Yu4 1 South china Sea institute of {2., Chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china 2.Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3 School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, china 4 The institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 1. South china Sea institute of {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China 3. School of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China 4. The institute of Remote Sensing and GIS Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambi-guities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind direction and the existence of the measurement error. In order to remove the ambiguities for a unique wind field, a circular median filter approach (CMF) is usually adopted. But under the con-dition for clustering distribution of the false ambiguities in some local areas, the CMF fails and thus engenders block ambiguities, which degrade the precision of the retrieved wind field. For such a situation, a technique of identification and removal of the block ambiguities is presented to further optimize the retrieved wind field after CMF. It is demonstrated in experiment that this technique can identify and remove most of the block ambiguities.

关键词： scatterometer block ambiguity identification and removal

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Programmed cell death in Laminaria japonica(Phaeophyta) tissues infected with alginic acid decomposing bacterium

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第12期 32-36+105页

作者： WANG Gaoge 1*, LIN Wei 1, ZHANG Lijing 2. YAN Xiaojun 1 and DUAN Delin 1**(1. institute of oceanology, Chinese {2. of sciences, qingdao 2.6071. china 2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research institute, Chinese {2. of Fishery sciences, qingdao 2.6071. china) instituteofoceanology ChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China YellowSeaFisheriesResearchinstitute ChineseAcademyofFisherySciencesQingdao266071China

TdT mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a sensitive and valid method for detecting DNA cleavage in programmed cell death (PCD). Using this method, DNA cleavage was observed in Laminaria japonica sporophytic tissues, which were infected with alginic acid decomposing bacterium. It was found that DNA cleavage occurred 5 min after the infection, the fragments with 3′ OH groups of cleaved nuclear DNA increased with time of infection and spread from the infection site. Although no typical DNA ladder (2.0 bp/180 bp) was detected by routine agarose gel electrophoresis, the cleavage of nuclear DNA fragments of 97～48.5 kb could be detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). By using CaspGLOW TM fluorescein active caspase 3 staining method, caspase 3 activity has been detected in response to the infection of alginic acid decomposing bacterium. Our results are similar to the observations in hypersensitive response (HR) of higher plant, suggesting that the rapid cell death of L. japonica infected by alginic acid decomposing bacterium might be involved in PCD, and indicating that the occurrence of PCD is an active defense process against the pathogen's infection.

关键词： alginic acid decomposing bacterium caspase-3 Laminaria japonica hypersensitive reaction (HR) programmed cell death (PCD) TUNEL.

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Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： LIU Fei1,2.& CHAO JiPing3,4 1 institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of {2., Beijing 10002., china 2.Graduate University of Chinese academy of {2., Beijing 100049, china 3 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, china 4 First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of china, qingdao 2.6061, china institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao 266061 China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2.m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件

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Dissolved inorganic carbon and CO_(2. fluxes across Jiaozhou Bay air-water interface

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第2期23卷 279-285页

作者： LIXuegang LINing GAOXuelu SONGJinming instituteofoceanology ChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China GraduateSchool ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100039China

On the basis of data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay in June and July 2.03, the DIC distribution in seawater is studied, and an average air-sea flux of CO2.is estimated. The results show that the content of DIC inside the bay is markedly higher than outside the bay in June, but the content of DIC outside the bay is markedly higher than inside the bay in July. The trend of DIC distribution inside the bay is similar, viz. the content is the maximum in the northeast, then decreases gradually toward the west, and the content is the minimum in the west. The total trend of vertical distribution is to increase gradually from surface to bottom. This characteristic of DIC distribution is determined by Jiaozhou Bay hydrology and there is a close relation between DIC and particulate N,P. Average CO2.lux across the air-sea interface is 0.55 mol/(m2.a) in June and 0.72.mol/(m2.a) in July. Jiaozhou Bay is considered as a net annual source for atmospheric CO2.in June and July, and the total CO2.flux from seawater into atmosphere is about 740t in June and 969 t in July.

关键词： DIC flux of CO_2 Jiaozhou Bay

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On exactness and unbiasedness of confidence bands for a continuous distribution function

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Science china Mathematics 2010年第10期53卷 2665-2678页

作者： DING XiaoBo1,2.XU XingZhong2.& ZHAO ShuRan3 1institute of Applied Mathematics,academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 2.epartment of Mathematics,Beijing institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,china 3School of Economics,Ocean University of china,qingdao 2.6071.china 1. institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Department of Mathematics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China3. School of Economics Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China

We define a class of confidence bands for distribution functions,named simple confidence *** class of bands includes the common step bands and continuous bands,some of which may perform better than the smoothed bands not belonging to the class,e.g.,the kernel smoothed *** is shown that under some mild assumptions,the simple bands with exact coverage for continuous distribution functions are all step *** unbiasedness problem of the step bands is also *** is proved that most of two-sided step bands are biased and one-sided step bands are unbiased.

关键词： exact coverage goodness of fit kernel smoothing simple confidence bands unbiasedness

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THE EFFECTS OF MONSOONS AND CONNECTIVITY OF SOUTH china SEA ON THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF WATER EXCHANGE IN THE LUZON STRAIT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第2期21卷 264-270页

作者： ZHAO Wei HOU Yi-jun QI Peng LE Ken-tang LI Ming-kui institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate University of the Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China

Seasonal variations of water exchange in the Luzon Strait are studied numerically using the improved Princeton Ocean Model （POM） with a consideration of the effects of connectivity of South china Sea （SCS） and monsoons. The numerical simulations are carried out with the strategy of variable grids, coarse grids for the Pacific basin and fine grids for the SCS. It is shown that the Mindoro Strait plays an important role in adjusting the water balance between the Pacific and the SCS. The SCS monsoon in summer seasons hinders the entrance of the Pacific water into the SCS through the Luzon Strait while the SCS monsoon in winter seasons promotes the entrance of Pacific water into the SCS through the Luzon Strait. However, the SCS monsoon does not affect the annual mean Luzon Strait transport, as is mainly determined by the Pacific basin wind.

关键词： numerical experiment Kuroshio Luzon Strait transport seasonal variation

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Lead content of urban soils in china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1994年第3期6卷 355-360页

作者： Zhang Xuelin(Changchun institute of Geography,Chinese academy of {2.,Changchun 13002.,china) Meng Ke(Department of Environmental {2.,qingdao Univereity,qingdao 2.6003,china)

This paper presents the background value of Pb content in soils from Wuhan,Lanzhou,Changchun andqingdao cities in china,the soils were contaminated by either of smelter,automo- bile,chemical industries,and traffic road. The degree of Pb pollution in the four cities is different,Wuhan >qingdao > Changchun>Lanzhou. The heavier pollution is where it is nearer to the pollution source. The Pb pollution in Wuhan,qingdao and Changchun is similar to that of Ber- mingham.

关键词： lead urban soil pollution

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A study of internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northwestern South china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第3期29卷 18-25页

作者： XU Zhenhua YIN Baoshu HOU Yijun FAN Zhisong Antony K LIU institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves （KLOCAW） Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Ocean sciences Branch NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA

Based on in-situ time series data from the acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） and thermistor chain in Wenchang area, a sequence of internal solitary wave （ISW） packets was observed in September 2.05, propagating northwest on the continental shelf of the northwestern South china Sea （SCS）. Corresponding to different stratification of the water column and tidal condition, both elevation and depression ISWs were observed at the same mooring location with amplitude of 35 m and 2. m respectively in different days. Regular arrival of the remarkable ISW packets at approximately the diurnal tidal period and the dominance of diurnal internal waves in the study area, strongly suggest that the main energy source of the waves is the diurnal tide. Notice that the wave packets were all riding on the troughs and shoulders of the internal tides, they were probably generated locally from the shelf break by the evolution of the internal tides due to nonlinear and dispersive effects.

关键词： elevation internal solitary waves diurnal internal tide northwestern South china Sea

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