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Debris flow prevention pattern in national parks Taking the world natural heritage Jiuzhaigou as an example

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 1-11页

作者： CUI Peng, LIU Suqing, TANG Bangxing & CHEN Xiaoqing institute of mountain {2. and environment, chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 61004., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

With the development of the ecological tourism, how to control debris flow in national parks becomes an urgent problem. The characteristics of prevention of the debris flow in the areas are systematically studied, and a scientific strategy is introduced for dealing with debris flows. In term of the activity attribute of the debris flow and objects protected in Jiuzhaigou, some methods are proposed to arrange the projects of hazard mitigation, and finally an approach is established to carry out the technology in the control of the debris flow scientifically, reasonably and feasibly. Integrating the aforesaid strategy with methods, the pattern of prevention and countermeasures of the debris flow has been theorized, in this way the mitigation hazards engineering is in harmony with the natural view and combined with the ecology. The prevention pattern of the debris flow in national parks is divergent from those in other areas such as towns, traffic lines, and *** the successful application of the pattern in the Jiuzhaigou National Park, it effectively controls debris flows and achieves the expected target, such as conserving the landscape resource, sustaining ecological environment, and securing the visitors and residents.

关键词： national park, debris flow, countermeasure, prevention pattern.

Rainfall infiltration on hilly slopes under various lithology and its effect on tree growth in the dry-hot valley

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中国科学：技术科学英文版 2003年第Z1期46卷 110-119页

作者： YANG Zhong, XIONG Donghong, ZHOU Hongyi & ZHANG Xinbao institute of mountain {2. and environment, chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 61004., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Revegetation is very difficult in dry-hot valleys in china. Rainfall infiltration capability on hilly slopes is one of the key factors determining soil moisture conditions and tree growth in the dry-hot valley. Low rainfall infiltration often results in soil drought on slopes under the dry-hot valleys climate. Rainfall infiltration capability varies greatly with the difference of slope lithologic porosity. The infiltration rates of five lithologic slope-types, Schist Slope, Grit Slope, Gravel Slope, the slightly eroded Mudstone Slope and the intensively eroded Mudstone Slope, are 1.40-8.67, 6.33, 0.69-2.2., 0.6-1.3 and 0.03-0.63 mm/min, respectively. With its viscid compact soil body and low infiltration capability which causes little infiltrating rainfall, mudstone slope can afford little effective supply to soil water and leads to serious drought of soil in dry seasons, resulting in cessation of growth or even wide-spread death of trees due to physiological damage for the excessive deficit of water in dry season and also the low productivity of stands. Hence, it is extremely difficult to restore vegetation on this type of slope. The other four lithologic slope-types, however, with well-developed soil crevice, high infiltration capability and thus more infiltrating rainfall, can afford more available soil water supply and the trees on them can obtain better growth and relatively higher productivity, compared with those on Mudstone Slope. Revegetation in dry-hot valleys is controlled by the soil moisture conditions of different slope-types, and it can be implemented by relying on the dominative life-form plant species, the suitable spatial arrangement of different life-forms of arbor-shrub-herb species, and the establishment of ecological community relationship between vegetation and soil moisture in habits. On the other hand, ground making measures for forestation and the runoff-collecting engineering measures to increase the rainfall infiltration are the major key

关键词： dry-hot valleys, lithologic property, rainfall infiltration, tree growth.

Soil Evolution Features of Debris Flow Waste-Shoal Land

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Journal of mountain Science 2009年第2期6卷 181-188页

作者： CUI Peng GE Yonggang ZHUANG Jianqi WANG Daojie Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Land Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China institute of mountain {2. and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste-shoal land plays an important role in the mitigation and control of debris flow hazards, which thus contributes a lot to the exploitation of insufficient land resources in mountainous areas and the reduction of losses caused by debris flow. The aim of this paper is to discuss the features and mechanism of soil evolution of debris flow waste-shoal land so as to search for the available modes of its reclamation and utilization. The Jiangjiagou Ravine, a typical debris flow ravine, was selected to study soil evolution features of debris flow waste-shoal land based on the analysis of soil physicochemical properties and soil microstructure. It was found that the soil evolution rates of debris flow waste-shoal land varied with different modes of reclamation. For the land which had been reclaimed for less than 10 years, soil evolved most rapidly in paddy fields, and more rapidly in dry farmland than in naturally restored waste-shoal land. For the land which had been used for more than 10 years, the soil evolution rates of dry farmland, naturally restored waste-shoal land and paddy farmland decreased in the file. For the same utilization period of time, significant differences were recognized in soil evolution features under different modes of reclamation. Analysis data showed that soil clay content, soil thickness, the psephicity of skeleton particles and contents of microaggregates (2.mm) in paddy farmland were all highest. Soil nutrients and porosity of dry farmland were better than those of paddy farmland and naturally restored waste-shoal land, and those of paddy farmland were superior to those of naturally restored waste-shoal land. Paddy farmland characterized by rapid pedogenesis, stable evolution and high utilizability was the priority candidate for the reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste-shoal land.

关键词： Debris flow waste-shoal land Reclamation mode Utilization time Soil properties Soil microstructure

Calculation of the debris flow concentration based on clay content

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 163-174页

作者： CHEN Ningsheng, CUI Peng, LIU Zhonggang & WEI Fangqiang institute of mountain {2. and environment, chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 61004., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

The debris flow clay content has very tremendous influence on its concentration (γC). It is reported that the concentration can be calculated by applying the relative polynomial based on the clay content. Here one polynomial model and one logarithm model to calculate the concentration based on the clay content for both the ordinary debris flow and viscous debris flow are obtained. The result derives from the statistics and analysis of the relationship between the debris flow concentrations and clay content in 45 debris flow sites located in the southwest of china. The models can be applied for the concentration calculation to those debris flows that are impossible to observe. The models are available to calculate the debris flow concentration, the principles of which are in the clay content affecting on the debris flow formation, movement and suspending particle diameter. The mechanism of the relationship of the clay content and concentration is clear and reliable. The debris flow is usually of micro-viscous when the clay content is low (<3%), by analyzing the developing tendency on the basics of the relationship between the clay content and debris flow concentration. Indeed, the less the clay content, the less the concentration for most debris flows. The debris flow tends to become the water rock flow or the hyperconcentrated flow with the clay content decrease. Through statistics it is apt to transform the soil into the viscous debris flow when the clay content of ranges is in 3%-18%. Its concentration increases with the increasing of the clay content when the clay content is between 5% and 10%. But the value decreases with the increasing of the clay content when the clay content is between 10% and 18%. It is apt to transform the soil into the mudflow, when the clay content exceeds 18%. The concentration of the mudflow usually decreases with the increase of the clay content, and this developing tendency reverses to that of the micro-viscous debris flow. There is m

关键词： clay content, debris flow, concentration.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FACING CHALLENGESIN 2.ST CENTURY

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 3-7页

作者： CHEN Guo-jie(institute of mountain {2. and environment, the chinese academy of sciences / Ministry of Water Conservancy, chengdu 61004., P. R. china ) institute of mountain {2. and environment the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu P. R. China

ABSTRACT: The 2.st Century is the time for human seeking harmonizing with environment and carrying out sustainable development strategy. But sustainable development is facing many challenges. They may mainly include the follows: challenge comes from the contradiction between human and the earth, challenge of local benefit conflict to human common goal, challenge of competition to fairness, challenge of unbalanced development in regions and countries, challenge of diversity and challenge of calamity. Challenges are not only pressure, but also the motive force. Challenge exists, the motive force would never stop. Sustainable development was born in challenges, is developing in contradiction and will sustain in conflict.

关键词： sustainable development contradiction between human and the earth 2.st century

Two new reinforcement techniques applicable in high steep slopes along the chengdu-Lhasa Highway, Southwest china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 156-162页

作者： YANG ZhifaZHU Jiewang ZHANG Luqing, CUI Peng, LI Xiao & SHANG Yanjun institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002.,{2. institute of mountain hazards and environment, chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 61004.,{2. chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Anti-slide pile and anchoring hole are two types of reinforcement techniques popularly used in slope reinforcement. However, some defects of these two techniques are found in slope engineering practices. Utilizing higher tensile strength of pre-stressed structures, the authors devise two new types of slope reinforcement techniques, i.e. pre-stressed anchoring beam and pre-stressed anti-slide pile, in an attempt to overcome those defects of the existing techniques. These two new techniques are characterized by gathering multiple functions, e.g. engineering investigation, reinforcement, drainage, monitoring and strength supplement, so as to achieve high reinforcement efficiency, convenient checking, and higher ratio of function to cost. It is hoped that, if applying these two new techniques in remedies of landslide hazards along the chengdu-Lhasa Highway, better reinforcement effects will be obtained.

关键词： rock slope, pre-stressed anchoring beam, pre-stressed anti-slide pile.

Anti-scourability of purple soil on hillslopes with different land uses

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 133-141页

作者： ZHANG Jianhui, LIU Gangcai, NI Shijun, ZHU Bo & GE Fanglong institute of mountain {2. and environment, chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 61004., china chengdu University of Technology, chengdu 610059, china chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China chengdu Univ Technol Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China

A large-scale flume (40 cm×10 cm×10 cm) was used to determine soil anti-scourability of 4 different land uses of purple soil in hilly areas of sichuan, china under artificial removal of vegetation to examine the effects of land uses on sediment production by runoff. The results showed that soil anti-scourability declined with the increase of slope gradients in the form of power function, but there was a significant difference in the effects of slope gradients on anti-scourability between different land uses. The ratio of the mean values of soil anti-scourability was 1︰2.2.2.5︰3.6 for forest land, new waste pasture, old waste pasture, crop land respectively, indicating that forest and grass use can significantly improve soil anti-scourability. Compared with the observations from the runoff plots located at the same sites in this region, an inconsistent result was found between anti-scourability and anti-erodibility in hilly areas of sichuan. Essential causes of the differences in soil anti-scourability were further discussed based on analyzing the influence of inherent soil characteristics induced by different land uses on soil anti-scourability.

关键词： sediment yield, soil anti-scourability, land use, vegetation, purple soil.

Characteristic Rainfall for Warning of Debris Flows

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Journal of mountain Science 2010年第3期7卷 207-214页

作者： HU Kaiheng Cui Peng Wang Chuanchang Li Yong Lu Xiaobing Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China institute of mountain {2. and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu 610041 China institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

A characteristic rainfall is introduced to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining a critical rainfall value for triggering debris *** characteristic value is defined as the rainfall at which debris-flow occurrence probability shows a rapid increase,and can be used as a warning rainfall threshold for debris *** of recorded debris flows and 2.-hour rainfall data at Jiangjia basin,Yunnan Province,in southwestern china,demonstrates the existence of such a characteristic *** was found that the characteristic rainfall corresponds to the daily rainfall of 90% cumulative probability by analyzing the basin's daily rainfall *** result provides a simple and useful method for estimating a debris-flow warning rainfall threshold from the daily rainfall *** was applied to estimate the debris-flow warning rainfall threshold for the Subaohe basin,a watershed in the 2.08 Wenchuan earthquake zone with many physical characteristics similar to those of the Jiangjia basin.

关键词： Debris flow Wenchuan earthquake warning rainfall threshold statistics of daily rainfalldistribution

On Post-Shear-Instability in Saturated Soils

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 262-263页

作者： Xiaobin Lu~1,Xuhui Zhang~2.1.institute of Mechanics,chinese {2. of sciences,Beijing 100080,china. 2.institute of mountain Hazard and environment,chinese {2. of sciences,chengdu{12.,

The study on the development of shear band is very import since it is the main reason of landslide. According to experimental results,there is only one shear band forming at last when the soil specimen beard shear loa... 详细信息

关键词： shear band landslide finite amplitude disturbances