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Land use and landscape pattern change: a linkage to the construction of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway

Journal of geographical sciences 2002年第3期12卷 253-265页

作者： YAN Jianzhong, ZHANG Yili, LIU Linshan, LIU Yanhua2. ZHENG Du (1. Inst. of geographic sciences and {2. resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 2. The Ministry of science and Technology, beijing 100101, china 3. College of resources and Enviro Inst. of geographic sciences and {2. resources research CAS Beijing China College of resources andEnvironment Southwest Agricultural University Chongqing China The Ministry of science and Technology Beijing China

Based on digital land use data from 1995 to 2.00 and road data, the land use and landscape changes of Golmud, Qumaleb and Zhidoi are studied on a macro-scale. Land use and landscape changes in highway buffer zones and city expansion are special subjects. A new formula is used to define the exact degree of dynamic land use. To adequately define land use and landscape pattern changes, the buffer zones, illustrating the changes at different distances from the road, are recognized with ArcGIS 8.1 software. Prominent changes took place in land use and landscape patterns from 1995 to 2.00, and the area of built-up land increased by 32..8%. The comprehensive degree of dynamic land use is 2.2., and the degree of dynamic land use of built-up land is the highest, followed by cultivated land. Woodland has the lowest value. The used degree index of land resources declined by 38.8 from 1995 to 2.00. Landscape changed dramatically which influenced ecological processes immensely. Different from the corridor effect of other traffic routes, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its “point” radiation effect can be easily seen. The expanding range of Golmud City is confined to a 3 km buffer, while for Wudaoliang, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in the Nanshankou buffer.

关键词： land use change comprehensive index of the degree of land use diagnostic index of landscape degree of dynamic land use Qinghai-Xizang Highway

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A prototype auto-human support system for spatial analysis

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2006年第9期16卷 954-966页

作者： LI Lianfa and WANG Jinfeng (State Key Laboratory of resources & Environmental Information System, institute of {2.al sciences & natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china) [a]State Key Laboratory of resources & Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences & Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing China

Spatial analysis is a multidisciplinary field that involves multiple influential factors, variation and uncertainty, and modeling of geospatial data is a complex procedure affected by spatial context, mechanism and assumptions. In order to make spatial modeling easier, some scholars have suggested a lot of knowledge from exploratory data analysis (EDA), specification of the model, fitness and diagnosis of the model, to interpretation of the model. Also an amount of software has improved some functionalities of spatial analysis, e. g. EDA by the dynamic link (GeoDa) and robust statistical calculation (R). However, there are few programs for spatial analysis that can automatically deal with unstructured declarative issues and uncertainty in machine modeling using the domain knowledge. Under this context, this paper suggests a prototype support system for spatial analysis that can automatically use experience and knowledge from the experts to deal with complexity and uncertainty in modeling. The knowledge base component, as the major contribution of the system, in support of the expert system shell, codes and stores declarative modeling knowledge, e.g. spatial context, mechanisms and prior knowledge to deal with declarative issues during the modeling procedure. With the open architecture, the system integrates functionalities of other components, e.g. GIS’ visualization, DBMS, and robust calculation in an interactive environment. An application case of spatial sampling, design and implementation of spatial modeling with such a system is demonstrated.

关键词： spatial analysis automatic support system modeling of spatial data artificial inference for modeling.

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Comparative analysis of temperature and CO2.fluxes for winter wheat in Tibetan Plain and North china Plain using the EMD method

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1066-1071页

作者： JIANG Zhaoyang, YU Qiang, LEI Shuhe, WANG Tianduo, SUN Xiaomin and ZHANG Renhua ( Chinese Academy of Meteorological science, beijing 100081,{2. institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101,{2. Mathematics Department, Ocean University of{2., Qingdao 2.6071,{2. Shanghai institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Shanghai 2.0032.{2.) [a]Chinese Academy of Meteorological science Beijing China [b]Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing China [c]Mathematics Department Ocean University of China Qingdao China [d]Chinese Academy of sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai China

Comparative study of spectral properties of temperature and CO2.fluxes measured by eddy covariance method at Yucheng (36°57'N, 116°36'E, 2. m a.s.l., in the North china Plain) and at Lhasa (2.°41'N, 91°2.'E, 3688 m a.s. 1., on the Tibetan Plateau) is described using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The main results are: (1) The intrinsic oscillation modes or intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were extracted from data of temperature ( T) and CO2.fluxes (F) measured at Yucheng ( T1 and F1) and Lhasa ( T2.and F2. . (2. Hilbert transform was applied to these IMF components, then the Hubert-Huang spectra and the marginal spectra of these data were obtained. (3) Comparison of temperature and CO2.fluxes in North china Plain and on Tibetan Plain illustrated that the characteristic frequencies corresponding to T1, F1, T2.and F2.are 0.05 Hz, 0.03 Hz, 0.014 Hz and 0.005 Hz, respectively.

关键词： empirical mode decomposition (EMD) intrinsic mode function (IMF) flux Hilbert transform wheat Tibet.

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Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02.CCD camera data and field measurement

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science china(Technological sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 116-128页

作者： CHEN Liangfu1,2. GAO Yanhua1,3, CHENG Yu1,3, WEI Zheng1,3, XIAO Qing1,4, LIU Qinhuo1, YU Tao1, LIU Qijing5, GU Xingfa1 & TIAN Guoliang1 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Geography and Environment College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 33002., china 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china 4. beijing research institute of Uranium Geology, beijing 100875, china 5. institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Geography and Environment College Jiangxi Normal University 330027 Nanchang China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. beijing research {2. of Uranium Geology 100875 Beijing China 5. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02.satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely, Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02.CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02.CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.

关键词： NDVI biomass scaling effect scaling-up.

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Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第3期48卷 417-428页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, LIU Changming 1, XIA Jun1, TAN Ge 1, LI Lin1, LIU Caitang1, ZHOU Changqing 1 & GUO Lei2.1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, china 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. china 1. institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China

The driving actions of rainfall-runoff process can be attributed to two aspects. The first is the influence of precipitation process, and the second is that of the ground pad. The re- search results of 179 indoor experiments conducted to imitate rainfall-runoff process indicate that both precipitation duration and intensity play important roles in affecting confluence lag time, which is obviously inconsistent with the traditional hypotheses. The nonlinear relationship is of great significance to the confluence curve especially when the precipitation duration is less than the total confluence time or the precipitation intensity is small. Therefore it can be concluded that the unit hydrograph (UH) can be applied to rainfall-runoff process imitation in the humid areas in the south china region. However, the UH application should be strictly modified in accordance with precipitation conditions in the arid and semiarid region of north china where the precipitation duration is short and the intensity is unstable. It will be hard to get ideal imitation results if the UH is applied blindly without considering specific conditions in the north china region. This also explains the unsatisfactory imitation results caused by using various hydrological models in the north china region. When the precipitation duration is short, and the watershed has not reached total watershed concentration, the characteristics of confluence change greatly, which reflects the actual situation in the north china region. Therefore necessary nonlinear corrections should be made when UH is applied. If the duration is longer than the total confluence time and the balance between pondage and discharge is stricken, the imitation research results will be applicable to both rainfall-runoff relation with longer duration in the south china region and the basic theoreti- cal research on runoff generation and concentration. On conditions of adequate rainfall, peak discharge is in linear relationship with inten

关键词： rainfall-runoff, driving factors, indoor imitation, experiment.

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GIS and ANN model for landslide susceptibility mapping

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第3期11卷 374-381页

作者： XU Zeng-wang (State Key Laboratory of resources and Environment Information System, institute of {2. sciences and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china) State Key Laboratory of resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS

Landslide hazard is as the probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging landslide phenomenon within specified period of time and within a given area. The susceptibility map provides the relative spatial probability of landslides occurrence. A study is presented of the application of GIS and artificial neural network model to landslide susceptibility mapping, with particular reference to landslides on natural terrain in this paper. The method has been applied to Lantau Island, the largest outlying island within the territory of Hong Kong. A three-level neural network model was constructed and trained by the back-propagate algorithm in the geographical database of the study area. The data in the database includes digital elevation modal and its derivatives, landslides distribution and their attributes, superficial geological maps, vegetation cover, the raingauges distribution and their 14 years 5-minute observation. Based on field inspection and analysis of correlation between terrain variables and landslides frequency, lithology, vegetation cover, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, elevation, the characteristic value, the rainstorms corresponding to the landslide, and distance to drainage Une are considered to be related to landslide susceptibility in this study. The artificial neural network is then coupled with the ArcView3.2.GIS software to produce the landslide susceptibility map, which classifies the susceptibility into three levels: low, moderate, and high. The results from this study indicate that GIS coupled with artificial neural network model is a flexible and powerful approach to identify the spatial probability of hazards.

关键词： GIS artificial neural network model landslide susceptibility mapping

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Validity of the Bouchet's complementary relationship at 102.observatories across china

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science china Earth sciences 2009年第5期52卷 708-713页

作者： YU JingJie1,2.ZHANG YongQiang3,LIU ChangMing1,2.1 institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research,Chinese Academy of {2.s,beijing 100101,china 2.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of {2.s,beijing 100101,china 3 CSIRO Land and Water,PO Box 1666,Canberra ACT 2.01,Australia institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CSIRO La

Bouchet in 1963 hypothesized that for large homogeneous land surface with minimum advection of heat and moisture,there exists a 1:1 complementary relationship of potential and actual evaporation coupled through land-atmosphere *** complementary relationship has been widely used to estimate regional actual evaporation and explain the pan evaporation *** examine the standardized potential evaporation(potential evaporation divided by wet environment evaporation) at 102.observatories at different elevations across ***,the relationship is appropriate at the low elevations(<1000 m).With the increase of elevation,vapor transfer power becomes much less than radiation energy budget because of lower vapor pressure deficit and stronger global solar *** a result,at the high elevations(over 1000 m),the excess energy resulted by limited moisture availability is not enough to be converted into drying power of the *** result suggests that the complementary relationship is asymmetric at the high elevations.

关键词： evaporation complementary relationship elevation china

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Continuous wavelet transform and discrete multi-resolution analysis of surface fluxes and atmospheric stability

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 403-409页

作者： JIANG Zhaoyang, YU Qiang, WANG Tianduo, SUN Xiaomin and ZHANG Renhua Shanghai institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Shanghai 2.0032.{2. institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101,{2. [a]Shanghai institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China [b]institute of Geograhpic sciences and {2. resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Variations of land surface fluxes of sensible heat (H), latent heat (LE), and CO2.F-CO2. obtained from the eddy-co-variance measurements above a winter wheat field from March 30 to April 2., 2.01 have been studied at scales ranging from 10 minutes to days. Wavelet transform is used in the analysis of land surface fluxes and atmospheric stability (ξ) calculated from the measurements to reveal the changes in land surface fluxes in hours to days scales. The main results are: (1) Concise and compact information about the fluxes, net radiation (Rn), temperature ( T) and ξ in the scale-time domain are extracted from the data by continuous wavelet analysis, and 1 day, 0.5 day and short-period (shorter than 0.5 day) components are revealed. Continuous wavelet coefficients can be used to characterize periodic components of changes in fluxes and ξ. (2. Discrete-time multi-resolution analysis can be used to concentrate total energy variance of time series of the measurements to a small number of coefficients, plotting the relative energy distribution to get several meaningful characteristics of the data. (3) Under neutral atmospheric conditions, the relative energy distributions of the Haar multi-resolution analysis of the three non-dimensional coefficients ( T/T* , q/q * and c/c * ) display clear similarities.

关键词： atmospheric stability flux continuous wavelet transform multi-resolution wavelet analysis.

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Spatial distribution of surface rock fragment on hillslopes in a small catchment in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau

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science china Earth sciences 2008年第6期51卷 862-870页

作者： ZHU YuanJun1,2.& SHAO MingAn1 1 institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of sciences and Ministry of Water {2., Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712.00, china 2.institute of geographical sciences and natural {2. research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 1. institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling 712100 China 2. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The cover and size distributions of surface rock fragment in hillslopes were investigated by using digital photographing and treating technique in a small catchment in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the maximal cover of rock fragment was pre-sented at mid-position in steep hillslope. Rock fragment presented a general decreasing-trend along the hillslope in gentle hillslope. Rock fragment cover was positively related to gradient, rock fragment size decreased generally along the hillslope, and the size reduced with the gradient. The mean size of rock fragment was at a range of 6―2. mm in the steep hillslope, rock fragment size > 50 mm was rarely presented. The covers of rock fragment at different positions were markedly related to the quantities of rock fragment 2.50 mm accounted for 60% or more of the total area, dominating the distribution of rock fragment in the hillslopes.

关键词： wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau small catchment hillslope surface rock fragment cover and size

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Material component to non-linear relation between sediment yield and drainage network development:an flume experimental study

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第3期11卷 271-281页

作者： JIN De-sheng, CHEN Hao, GUO Qing-wu (institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china) institute of geographic {2.s and natural resources research

This paper examines the experimental study on influence of material component to non-linear relation between sediment yield and drainage network development completed in the Lab. The area of flume drainage system is 81.2.m2. the longitudinal gradient and cross section slope are from 0.0348 to 0.0775 and from 0.0115 to 0.038, respectively. Different model materials with a medium diameter of 0.02. mm, 0.076 mm and 0.066 mm cover three experiments each. An artificial rainfall equipment is a sprinkler-system composed of 7 downward nozzles, distributed by hexagon type and a given rainfall intensity is 35.56 mm/***2. Three experiments are designed by process-response principle at the beginning the ψ shaped small network is dug in the flume. Running time spans are 72. m, 1440 minutes and 540 minutes for Runs I, IV and VI, respectively. Three experiments show that the sediment yield processes are characterized by delaying with a vibration. During network development the energy of a drainage system is dissipated by two ways, of which one is increasing the number of channels (rill and gully), and the other one is enlarging the channel length. The fractal dimension of a drainage network is exactly an index of energy dissipation of a drainage morphological system. Change of this index with time is an unsymmetrical concave curve. Comparison of three experiments explains that the vibration and the delaying ratio of sediment yield processes increase with material coarsening, while the number of channel decreases. The length of channel enlarges with material fining. There exists non-linear relationship between fractal dimension and sediment yield with an unsymmetrical hyperbolic curve. The absolute value of delaying ratio of the curve reduces with time running and material fining. It is characterized by substitution of situation to time.

关键词： material component network sediment yield nonlinear relation experiment

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